unit 4 A Red Light for Scofflaws

1、Unit 4 A Red Light for Scofflaws I Teaching objectives1. Understanding the various aspects related to the usage of words.2. Cultivating a sense of appropriateness in style3. Learning methods of making use of examples in a writing.II Teaching time: six class periodsIII Teaching ProceduresStep 1 libra

2、ry workAbout the Author Frank Trippett: (1926 - ) now senior editor of Time magazine, has had a lifelong career in journalism. He has served as a writer and editor at such national publications as Look and Newsweek and is the author of three books: The States United They Fall (1967), The First Horse

3、man (1974), and Child Ellen (1975). The text first appeared in Time, in which the author takes a wider view of what happens when individuals bend small laws for their own convenience.Step 2 organization and developmentPart 1 the legalized American society and the increasingly slight detriment to the

4、 social order (paragraph 1-2)Part 2 the various forms of scofflawing acts (paragraph 3-7)Part 3 the potentials dangers of such acts (paragraph 8-9)Step 3 major Language Points 1. Nothing is more than Outwardly they are in comparative degree, but inwardly they are in supreme degree. And other similar

5、 patterns: Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Riesman. To my mind nothing is more horrible than being all alone in the world. No one is so foolish as to believe that anything happens by chance. Scarcely any part of the world affords so great a variety in so small an area as o

6、ur own island. Now there is no greater pleasure than to go to bed in the evening and know that the washing up is being done by the machine. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. 2. duck out (of) to try to avoid (a difficulty or unpleasant responsibility) You ca

7、nt duck out now, you made a solemn promise. No parent can duck out of his duty to his children.Its unlawful to try to duck out of paying taxes. 3. add up to to mean or suggest This conversation add up to a difference of opinion between us. He made a number of criticisms, but they didnt add up to muc

8、h. (没有多大价值) 4. wane to grow gradually smaller or less after being full or complete; to loose power, wealth or influence The Roman Empire rapidly wane in power in the 5th century. Summer wanes as autumn approaches. 5. not to mention not to say; not to speak of, etc. 1) Innocent drivers and pedestrian

9、s pay .a repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of moral peril. 2) He cannot afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. 3) We are too busy to take a long vacation this year, not to mention the fact that we cant afford it. 4)

10、 As a matter of fact, all great discoverers worthy of the name have at one time or another been regarded as dreamers, not to say mad. 6. cannot help being harmed “cannot help + doing”; “cannot but + do”, or “cannot help but”: cannot fail to; be compel or obliged to, 1) The red-light runner, however,

11、 shows no respect whatever for the social rules, and society cannot help being harmed by any repetitious and brazen display of contempt for the fundamentals of order. 2) I cannot but feel thankful that it formed such a material part of my education. 3) I cannot help forming some opinion of a mans ch

12、aracter from his dress. 4) We cannot help but believe in the youth who is always trying to improve himself. 5) The little child was so beautiful, kind and good, that no one who saw her could help being attracted by her. 7. for all in spite of 1) He is still poor for all he has worked.2) For all his

13、wealth, he was lonely and unhappy. 8. stereotypical of a fixed pattern to represent a type of person or event 1) She believes that she is not a good mother because she is not a stereotypical women who spends all her time with the children. 2) She has a stereotypical view of teachers believing that t

14、hey are all as unfair as hers were when she was a girl. 9. skirt to avoid (a question, subject, difficulty etc.) The speech was disappointing; it skirted all the main questions.10. take from remove 1) The police overpowered the gunman and took his gun from him. 2) No government should be allowed to

15、take their rights from the native people. 11. abound v. to exist in large number or great quantity abound in / abound with: to have in large fronts or great quantity 1) Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. 2) The land abounds in springs and streams of water. 3) The jungle abounds with snakes. 4) The

16、 book abounds in printing mistakes.12. exempt adj. freed from a duty, service, payment, etc. exempt v. to make someone or something exempt 1) Bicyclists often ride as though two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. 2) His bad health exempted him from military service. 3) A number of MP

17、s supported a motion to exempt certain industries from the provisions of the Bill. 4) Persons over sixty are exempt from jury services. 5) Nobody should be exempt from doing some of the unpleasant jobs in the running of the camp.13. plague v. to cause continual discomfort, suffering, or trouble to;

18、to make rather angry, esp. by some repeated action plague n. quick-spreading, quick-killing disease; a widespread and harmful mass or number; a continually troublesome person or thing 1) That a plague that child is! 2) Youve been plaguing me with silly questions all day! 3) On the 14th century the p

19、lague killed one-third of the population of Europe. 4) At this time of year university admissions are plagued with inquiries from anxious applicants.14. pose v. to set; bring into being; to state often for consideration pose as to; pretend to be pose for cause (some difficulty) for sb. 1) She was em

20、ployed by the art school to pose for student artists. 2) The thief got into the house by posing as a television repairman. 3) The continuing increase in population numbers poses some awkward questions for the government. 4) His reluctance to cooperate poses a problem. 5) He posed as a rich man thoug

21、h he owed more than he owned.15. prohibit v. to forbid by law or rules; to prevent, or make impossible prohibition n. prohibitive adj. 1) The law prohibits occupancy by more than 250 persons. 2) He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving. 3) The government has put a prohibi

22、tive tax on foreign goods. 4) The prohibition against smoking on school grounds is strictly enforced. 5) Family finances prohibited his going to college.16. take to: to be pleased by or attracted to; begin to do sth. as a regular habit 1) The dog seldom takes to strangers. 2) His manner was so takin

23、g that I took to him at once. 3) After a few years he abandoned journalism and took to writing novels. 4) Im sorry to hear that he has taken to drink. 5) Recently I have taken to getting up earlier in the morning.17 take liberties with: misinterpret; treat something freely, without strict observance

24、 of the fact (随意对待) behave in a bold or impolite way towards，18Outlaw litter：unlawful stewing (a place) with rubbish19 illicit noise：very loud noise which is not permitted 20 motorized anarchy：disorder or chaos created by motorists v21 take to: to be pleased by or attracted to; begin to do sth. as a

25、 regular habit22 dereliction：deliberate eglect；a tendency to be negligent ;23 exempt from: not affected or bound by (=excused)24 flurry: porfusion.abundance; great quantity 25 rdinance: authoritative law，command or order; a regulation 26. pot smoker：One who smokes marijuana.大麻烟客27. duck out of: avoid doing, esp. by making an excuse (=back out)28.fare beater：one who evades paying th