高中定语从句详细讲解及练习题PPT学习教案

1、会计学1高中定语从句详细讲解及练习题高中定语从句详细讲解及练习题（一）定义及相关术语（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。饰的先行词之后。第1页/共101页2.先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。第2页/共101页关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose

2、,as等等关系副词有关系副词有: when, where, why第3页/共101页关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句引导定语从句； B.代替先行词代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.第4页/共101页（二）关系代词引导的定语从句（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Those

3、 who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 第5页/共101页Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.That is the teacher who teaches us physics.第6页/共101页2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on thebus. Li Min

4、g is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.第7页/共101页The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.第8页/共101页注意：注意：关系代词关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。来代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my oldfriend.第9页/共

5、101页3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 第10页/共101页He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( w

6、hich ) he bought yesterday.The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 第11页/共101页4that 指人时，相当于指人时，相当于 who 或或 whom；指物时，相当于指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.第12页/共

7、101页Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.The season that / which comes after spring is summer.第13页/共101页Yesterday I received a letter that / which came fromAustralia. 第14页/共101页5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visit

8、ed a scientist whose name is known all over thecountry. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 第15页/共101页I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon

9、 be repaired.第16页/共101页Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?第17页/共101页（三）（三）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.第18页/共101页Th

10、e school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. 第19页/共101页This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis withyesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday

11、.Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.第20页/共101页Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 第21页/共101页The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays

12、 much attention toimproving our working conditions.第22页/共101页注意注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：如：look for, look after, take care of 等。等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 第23页/共101页This is the watch for which I am looking . The babies after whom the nur

13、se is looking are very healthy. The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after arevery healthy. 第24页/共101页.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. 第

14、25页/共101页The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.第26页/共101页.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可有前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词。 He

15、loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind tohim. 第27页/共101页In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom arefrom big cities. 第28页/共101页Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which areabout countr

16、y life. 第29页/共101页（四）关系副词引导的定语从句（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.第30页/共101页October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. Do you remember the years

17、 when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.第31页/共101页2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born. I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.第32页/共101页Is this the place where they foug

18、ht the enemy? 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.第33页/共101页I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。 From the ye

19、ars when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 第34页/共101页（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。第35页/共101页B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“的”

20、通常译成主句的并列句。第36页/共101页关系词的使用上A作宾语时可省略B不可省略A可用that B不用thatA可用who 代替 whom B不可用who 代替 whom第37页/共101页Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.The reason why / for which he refused the invitation isquite clear. 第38页/共101页The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I

21、coulddepend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.限制性定语从句举例：第39页/共101页非限制性定语从句举例非限制性定语从句举例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 第40页/共101页Last summer I v

22、isited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.第41页/共101页注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her togo to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）第42页/共101页Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages herto go

23、 to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她只有一个哥哥。）第43页/共101页2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）第44页/共101页All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含： 没有不带插图的书。）第45页/共101页（一）限制性定语从句中只能用（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定

24、语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除除外外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。等代词修饰时。 第46页/共101页Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the

25、world. All that can be done has been done. 第47页/共101页There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 第48页/共101页Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.注意注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who， All the guests that /

26、 who were invited to her wedding wereimportant people. Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.第49页/共101页2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.第50页/共101页3.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 第51页/共101页4当

27、先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thingthat he owns.第52页/共101页注意注意：当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词 who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend themeeting. 第53页/共101页5.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时等疑问代词

28、时。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 第54页/共101页6.6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。 They talked about the persons and things that theyremembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up thestreet. 第55页/共101页（二）关系代词（二）关系代词as和和which

29、引导的定语从句引导的定语从句as 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是 1. as 和和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。 第56页/共101页He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 第57页/共101页2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。引导的非限

30、制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含义。的含义。As is known to all, China is a developing country.第58页/共101页He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than

31、 ten times, which I dont believe. 第59页/共101页注意：注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made histeacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.第60页/共101页3.当先行词受当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用修饰时，

32、关系词常用as。Ive never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.第61页/共101页注意注意：当先行词受当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。引导的定语从句意思有区别。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.She wore t

33、he same dress as her younger sister wore.第62页/共101页( (三三) ) 以以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或或that引导，而且通常可以省略。引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions wassurprising. 第63页/共101页I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择（四）关系代词与关系副词的选

34、择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.第64页/共101页A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. Compare :第65页/共101页B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.

35、I will never forget the days that / which we spenttogether. 第66页/共101页C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that / which he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting.第67页/共101页（五）（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。 There are very few but admire his talents. （but = wh

36、o dont） 第68页/共101页（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1 1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. 第69页/共101页The fact that he has already died is quite clear. 第70页/共101页2 2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当

37、相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。第71页/共101页同位语从句主要由连词同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。第72页/共101页The news that he told me is true. The news that he has just died

38、 is true. The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 第73页/共101页The question that he raised puzzled all of us. The question whether he is sure to win the game is hardto answer. 第74页/共101页3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词

39、同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 be 发展成一个完整的句子发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。而定语从句则不能。 A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.第75页/共101页B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. The fact is that the earth moves around

40、the sun.第76页/共101页C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.第77页/共101页1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _ made the others unhappy.A. which B. who C. thisD. what第78页/共101页2. After liv

41、ing in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. when C. that D. where第79页/共101页3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom第80页/共101页4. Please take any seat _ is free.A. which B. where C. in whi

42、ch D. that第81页/共101页5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them第82页/共101页6. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋太平洋).A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which第83页/共101页7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼摩天大楼)_ has m

43、ore than 100 storeys.A. the higher of them B. the highest of whichC. the highest of them D. some of which第84页/共101页8. My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A. which B. as C. where D. when第85页/共101页9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have go

44、ne home.A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time第86页/共101页10. The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A. who B. whose C. thatD. which第87页/共101页11. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it第88页/共101页12. Mr. Wang is a boss, _ facto