英语被动语态讲解及练习和参考答案

1、语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态。1、 被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态

2、的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.练习 1 John, you cant go out to play until your homework _. A. finishes B. has finished C. is finished D. was finished思路分析：本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。作业是由某个人来完成的，因此用被动语态结构is finished，故选择C。 2 We will fly a kite as soon as

3、your homework _. A. finishes B. will be finished C. has finished D. is finished思路分析：本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。在题干中，your homework作时间状语从句的主语，因此用被动语态结构，在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，故选择D。3.Your classroom is very clean. Yes, it _ every day. A. is cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaning D. was cleaned思路分析：本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。根据every d

4、ay可知用一般现在时，排除C、D选项；由句意“教室每天被打扫”可知为被动语态，故选择A。4. Your classroom is really bright and clean. It after school every day. A. is cleaned B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. cleans思路分析：本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。由“every day”可知教室被打扫是每天都发生的事，用一般现在时的被动形式：am/is/are+动词的过去分词，故选择A.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations

5、 for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.练习 Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has for about a month since she in the accident.A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed思路分析：本题考查的是现在完成时和一般过去时的被动语态。根据下半句句意“距她在事故中

6、丧生已有一个月左右的时间了”可知是一般过去时的被动语态，排除C，D；又因为die是非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用，而dead是延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用，故选择A。3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.练习1. The new bridge _ last month. Now its easy to go to the c

7、ity center. A. built B. was built C. has been built D. were built思路分析：本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“last month（上个月）”可以判断用一般过去时，主语“the new bridge”与动词“build”之间为被动关系，用被动语态，其结构为：was/were +done，故选择B。2. My e-mail _ to you last night. A. sent B. is sent C. was sent D. sends思路分析：本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。last night为过去的时间，

8、排除B，故选择C。3. Who is that little boy in the photo, Oscar? Oh, its me! It _ when I was five years old. A. was taken B. took C. was taking 思路分析：本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。由题干“when I was five years old”可知是一般过去时，故选择A。4. Thousands of people after the powerful earthquake happened in Japan on March 11th.A. saved B. wa

9、s saved C. were saved D. has saved思路分析：本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。日本地震发生在过去，主语又是复数，排除B选项，故选择C。5. Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?Yes. Every student about itA. tells B. told C. was told D. has told思路分析：本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意“每个同学都被告知这件事”可知是一般过去时的被动语态，故选择C。6. Chin

10、a has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami（海啸）. A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit思路分析：本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意“自从日本被地震和海啸袭击以来中国向它提供了很多帮助”可知是一般过去时的被动形式“was/were+动词的过去分词”，故选择C。 5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been complet

11、ed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.练习1. Would you like to go to the movie with me? Sorry, I _ to go out tonight. A. wont be allowed B. am allowed C. dont allow D. will al

12、low思路分析：本题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。“be allowed to do sth”是“被允许做某事”的意思，根据句意“你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？对不起，今晚我不被允许外出。”可知用被动语态的否定形式，根据“tonight（今晚）”判断用一般将来时，一般将来时的被动语态的否定结构是：will not be +done，故选择A。2. The 2010 Asian Sports Meet _ this November in Guangzhou. Yes. I hope Chinese players will do well. A. will be held B. has been

13、held C. was to be held D. would be held思路分析：本题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。“2010年亚运会将在11月举行”是未来要发生的事，用一般将来时的被动形式will be +动词的过去分词，故选择A。8） should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before

14、 July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.练习1. Dear Eric, your room is too dirty. It should _ right now. Sorry. Ill do it now. A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. was cleaned D. cleans答案：B思路分析：本题考查的是含有should的被动语态的用法。带有can，may，must等情态动词的被动语态

15、的构成是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”，故选择B。2. Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our classroom clean. A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. be throwing答案：A思路分析：本题考查的是含有should的被动语态的用法。带有can，may，must等情态动词的被动语态的构成是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”，故选择A。3. Food safety is important. Rules _ to stop people from food

16、 pollution.A. must make B. must be made C. cant make D. cant be made答案：B思路分析：本题考查的是含有must的被动语态的用法。带有can，may，should等情态动词的被动语态的构成是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”，故选择B。4. Must we clean the classroom now?No, you neednt. It _ after school.A. may clean B. must clean C. need be cleaned D. can be cleaned答案：D思路分析：本题考查的是含有

17、can的被动语态的用法。带有must，may，should等情态动词的被动语态的构成是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”，根据句意“可以放学后打扫”，可知选择D。2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余

18、不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有

19、些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语

20、)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, rep

21、ort, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is sa

22、id to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁

23、门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds re

24、asonable.e.g.：这首歌听起来很美妙。学生误用：This song is sounded very beautiful.正确答案：This song sounds very beautiful.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而w

25、orthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）be worth doing sth. 值得做某事, sth. needs doing 某事需要被做（这两个句型中，形式为主动, 表达的意义为被动）e.g. 旧衣服不值得保存。学生误用：Old clothes are not worth kept. 正确答案：Old clothes are not worth keeping.e.g. 这辆自行车需要被修理。学生误用：This bike nee

26、ds mended. 正确答案：This bike needs mending.3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)一些常用的不及物动词，因为不及物动词不

27、能接宾语，故其没有被动语态。appear 出现 disappear 消失e.g. 她的脸上慢慢地现出了微笑。学生误用：A smile was appeared on her face slowly.正确答案：A smile appeared on her face slowly.e.g. 飞机消失在云层后。学生误用：The plane was disappeared behind the clouds.正确答案：The plane disappeared behind the clouds.happen 发生e.g. 这个事故发生在一天清晨。学生误用：The accident was happ

28、ened on a early morning.正确答案：The accident happened on a early morning.die 死，死于e.g. 他死于一场交通事故中。学生误用：He was died in a traffic accident.正确答案：He died in a traffic accident.begin/start 开始，end 结束e.g. 会议将在下午5点开始，8点结束。学生误用：The meeting will be begun/started at 5 p.m. and ended at 8 p.m.正确答案：The meeting will

29、begin/start at 5p.m. and end at 8 p.m.arrive 到达e.g. 这封信两天前就到了。学生误用：The letter was arrived two days ago.正确答案：The letter arrived two days ago.last 持续e.g. 那场战争持续了5年。学生误用：That war was lasted for five years.正确答案：That war lasted for five years.fall 掉下，落下e.g. 他的书掉进了河里。学生误用：His book was fallen into the rive

30、r.正确答案：His book fell into the river.cost 花费e.g. 这件大衣花了多少钱？学生误用：How much was this coat cost? 正确答案：How much did this coat cost?4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult t

31、o work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应

32、用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion

33、（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief.3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。例His hon

34、est character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于、 为着”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。 例That house is for sale.5“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。例The book is not yet in print6“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）

35、, on trial（受审）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum 7“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of ones reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control.8“within+名词”结构，“在内、不超过”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission.过去分词作表语

36、与被动语态的区别：1. 系表结构中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态；而被动结构则是表示主语是动作的承受者。试比较：Our building is surrounded with the trees.（系表）The film is usually showed on Sunday.（被动）2. 系表结构不能接由by引导的短语；而被动结构中可以用由by引导的短语引出动作的执行者。试比较：The book is well written.（系表）The book was written by Lu Xun.（被动）（二）使用被动语态应注意的几点：1. 带双宾语的主动结构的句子，变为被动语态结构时，只

37、能将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语，则要在间接宾语之前加上介词to或for，如：We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.她教我们英语。2. 主动语态中不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to，如：The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.老板让他每天工作12小时以上。He was made to work over twelve hours a day.3. 短语动词用于被动语态时应作为一个整体，不能丢掉其

38、中的介词或副词。如：The meeting has been put off.会议推迟了。4. 有些及物动词和及物动词短语（多表示“静态”）不能用于被动语态，常见的有have，cost，lack，last，own，hold，fit，agree with等。5. 有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义，常见的有cut，wash，write，sell等。如：The shirt washes well. 衬衫很好洗。1. The streets _ many times every day. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. are cleaned2. What hap

39、pened to Martin yesterday? He _ by a car when he was crossing the road. A. hits B. was hit C. hit D. is hit3. The 30th Olympic Games _ in London in 2012.A. held B. is hold C. will hold D. will be held4. The students _ how to do the experiment in class yesterday. A. taught B. were taught C. are taugh

40、t D. teach5. The music is very loud and it can _ from a long way away. A. be heard B. is heard C. hear D. heard6. A new supermarket _ in my hometown next month. A. build B. will be built C. built D. builds7. Mr. Smith has a loud voice. His voice can _ clearly even in that big classroom. A. hear B. b

41、e heard C. be hearing D. have heard8. Now computers _ everywhere. I agree with you. I think they are the most useful inventions in the world. A. are using B. use C. are used D. will use9. The pizza _ by my mum just now. Would you like to have some? Yes, please. A. will be served B. served C. will se

42、rve D. was served10.The whole China _ to tears by Cairen Danzhou（才仁旦舟）, the youngest volunteer and hero in Yushu，Qinghai Province. A. move B. moves C. is moving D. is moved11. Thousands of Japanese people _ during the earthquake and tsunami last month. A. killed B. are killed C. were killed D. were

43、killing12. Its well-known that the telephone _ by Bell in 1876.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented13. The new supermarket _ two years ago. A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built14. It is true that knowledge _ instead of being taught. A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was l

44、earned15. How beautiful the library!Yes. It _ last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built16. These photos _ on the Great Wall last week.A. were taken B. took C. take D. are taken 17. Can you read this letter for me? Sorry. It _ in French. I cant read it.A. writes B. wrote C. is written D.

45、 is writing18. Our school _ 20 years ago.A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built19. A talk on the history of the Great Wall _ in the school hall next week.A. gives B. gave C. will be given D. is given20. Look at the sign on the wall. Oh, smoking here. A. doesnt allow B. didnt allow C. isnt allowed D. wasnt allowed1. D 本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。主语“the streets”与动词“clean”之间为被动关系。“every day”为一般现在