潘哲寅动词分类

1、环球雅思学科教师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级：九 课时数：3课时 学员姓名：潘哲寅 辅导科目 英语 学科教师：杨书玉授课类型复习课星 级教学目的掌握动词的分类和用法授课日期及时段2013.5.18 13:00-15:00教学内容动词的分类 1、动词的分类：类 别意 义例 句实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。Im reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语

2、一起构成谓语。His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。Twins usually look the same.双胞胎通常看起来一样。The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。He doesnt speak English. 他不说英语。We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗？情态动词本身有一定的意义,不

3、能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？We must go now. 我们现在得走了。重要注解：(1) 关于实义动词： 英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类：后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词；本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive

4、,hall等。有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say, raise, lay, find, buy等。 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study, sing等。 有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如：know, wash等。 有些动词常和介词 、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如：listen,reply,wait,look.(2) 关于连系动词： 连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。 常见的连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、 go、fall、s

5、it、stand、lie 等。 有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化：look(看看起来)、feel(感觉、摸感到)、 smell(闻、嗅闻起来)、taste(尝尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动变得)、grow(生长变得)、get(得到、到达变得)、go(去变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。注释 become、get、go、be、grow、turn的用法区别：become表示“变成”,比较正式,通常不用将来时表示动作已经完成。get也表示动作已经完成,但是更加口语化,通常表示温度、时间、岁数等变化。go表示“变得”,常见于某些短语中,后面常有形容词bad、blind、h

6、ungry等。be表示“是、成为、当”,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式中。grow表示“变得”,常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。turn表示“变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色等变化。如：I was caught in the rain and I became ill./ He has got rich./ He will be a scientist in the future./ My little brother has grown much taller in the past year./ The sandwich has gone bad./ Her face tur

7、ned red after her mother criticized(批评) her.(3) 关于助动词：常见的助动词有：用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;用于完成时的have(has,had,having) ;用于将来时的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般时的do(does,did) . 助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall, will, should, would. (4) 关于情态动词：常见的情

8、态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。 can表示体力、脑力方面的能力或客观的可能性。口语中, 在询问或说明一件事可不可以做时,常用“can”代替“may”。情态动词“can”的过去式是“could”,否定式是“cannot”通常缩写成“cant”,“could”的否定式是“could not”,通常缩写成“couldnt”。如：Can I help you?/ He

9、 can swim./ That cant be Mr Li. may表示允许、请求或可能性,用may提问时,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,you may.;否定回答一般用cant或mustnt. 如：May I ask you a question?Certainly. / You may go now. / It may be in your pocket. must表示“必须”、“一定”的意思。表示“必须”时否定形式是mustnt；表示“一定”时,否定形式是“cant” 如：We must be very careful when we cross the road/ It

10、must be Jack./ I havent seen Kate today. She cant be here. 注意用must(必须)进行提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt；用must(一定)进行提问时,肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用cant.如：Must we clean the room before we leave? Yes,you must.或No,you neednt. / Must she be in the romm? Yes,she must.或No,she cant. “have to”表示“不得不”、“必须”。Well have to leav

11、e now for it is very late at night. have to的疑问形式是：助动词+have to,否定形式是：助动词+not+have to或者用neednt.如：Do you have to stay until 8 oclock? / You dont have to do so.(=You neednt do so.) shall在问句中,可表示征求对方意见,与第一人称连用；在陈述句的第二、三人称的主语后或表示“命令”、“警告”、“允许”等。如：Shall we go to the zoo this weekend?/ He shall bring his ow

12、n book next time. should可表示“劝告”、“建议”、“惊奇”等意思。We should speak to old people politely. will表示“意愿”、“决心”等意思,一般与第二人称连用。如：Will you please close the door for me?/ I will teach you a lesson.would表示过去的“意愿”、“决心”等。He would sit near the fire every time he returned home.would也可以表示现在的情况,表达说话人向对方提出的要求,语气比“will”婉转、

13、客气。在日常会话中,“我想要”通常用“I would like to”或“I should(Id) like to”来表示。如：Would you like to have a rest at the moment? would还可以表示过去经常发生的事情。如：Every year parents would tell their children about the boy who would save his people. need表示“需要”,用于疑问句或否定句。“need”作实义动词时,在肯定、否定、疑问句中都可以用。如：He neednt do it in such a hurry

14、.(他不需要如此匆忙地做这件事)/ He needs some help.(他需要一些帮助)/ He doesnt need to bring his football socks then.(那么他就无须带上足球袜了) dare是“敢”的意思,用法几乎与“need”完全相同,即在疑问句和否定句中,可以作情态动词,后面用不带“to”的动词不定式。在肯定句中和实义动词一样,后面的动词不定式要带“to”。How dare you say I am a fool? / He didnt dare to touch the red button. d better (do)(“最好是”)一般也当作情态

15、动词使用,否定式是：d better not (do). 如：Youd better sit here and say nothing./ Youd better not speak because he is sleeping. 2、动词词形变化一览表：(1)规则动词变化表：规 则变 化原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现 在 分 词过去式和过去分词一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾yi,+es+ingyi,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+siey,+i

16、ng+d不规则变化havehas；beis(无) (见不规则动词变化表)注意：在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读s；在浊辅音后和元音后读z；在 s 、 F、z、tF、dV后读iz.ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音后和元音后读d；在t、d后读id.(2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形 过去式 过去分词)be(am,is) wasbeenloselostlostbe(are) werebeenmakemademadebeat beatbeatenmaymightbecome becamebecomemeanmeantmea

17、ntbegin beganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancouldrideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutc

18、utseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/sunkenflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottenslee

19、psleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokengivegavegivenspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspiltgrowgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaught

20、holdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurthurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwouldlendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewittenlielaylain3、be动词的各种时态变化一

21、般 现 在 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时I am.You are.He/She/It is.We/You/They are.(I等各人称) will be.I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I have been.You have been.She/he/It has been.We/You/They have been.一 般 过 去 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.(I等各人称) would be.I was He/She/I

22、t was going to be We/You/They were I had been.You had been.She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.注意：句型变化时,否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为nt (am后面not不可以缩写)；疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。4、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化现在 时态一 般 现 在 时现 在 进

23、 行 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时谓语动词构成动词用原形(单三加s / es)(问句和否定句借用助词do / does)amis +动词-ingarewill + 动词原形amis +going to+动词原形arehave +过去分词has过去 时态一 般 过 去 时过 去 进 行 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时谓语动词构成动词用过去式(问句和否定句借用助词did)was +动词-ingwerewould + 动词原形was+going to+动词原形werehad +过去分词二、正误辨析 误 She laid down and soon fell asleep. 正 Sh

24、e lay down and soon fell asleep. 析 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下： lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词) lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词) lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying 误 Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling. 正 Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling. 析 hang有两个含义， 挂，它的过去时与过去

25、分词是hung， hung; 绞刑，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。 误 In summer I always sleep with the windows opened. 正 In summer I always sleep with the windows open. 正 I always sleep with the windows closed. 析 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。 误 Im very glad because I have founded my lost key. 正 Im very gla

26、d because I have found my lost key. 析 find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词建立，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. 误 The teacher said the earth moved around the sun. 正 The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. 析 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以

27、是任何时态。如果是过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。 误 Ill come to see you as soon as Ill be back. 正 Ill come to see you as soon as I am back. 析 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back. 误 I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not. 正 I want to know whethe

28、r you will come to my party tomorrow or not. 析 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow youll come here or not. 误 What did you do at eight last night? 正 What were you doing at eight last night? 析 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was wash

29、ing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday 误 Ill have my bike repair tomorrow. 正 Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow. 析 have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而

30、不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.三、例题解析1 Mr Zhang asked me the words again.A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading2 You play on the road. Its dangerous.A. mustnt B. may C. can D. must3 Mr Brown in Beijing since 1993.A. work B. works C. worked D. has worked4 I a letter when my mothe

31、r came in.A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. will write5 Its not an important party, you neednt .A. pay for it B. wear it out C. try it out D. dress up for it6 Can I a bike from him?A. lend B. return C. give D. borrow7 - Must I stay at home? - No, you .A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. can not

32、8 - How long have you here? - About two months. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived9 Stamps by people for sending letters.A. use B. using C. used D. are used10 The radio says Tianjin will be tomorrow.A. rains B. rain C. rained D. rainy11 If you dont know this word, in the dictionary.A. look for it B.

33、 look at it C. look after it D. look it up12 My father told me play on the street.A. not B. to not C. not to D. did not13 There is going to an English party this evening.A. be B. has C. have D. is14 There no bus stop here last year.A. is B. was C. are D. were15 Our school will hold a sports meeting

34、if it tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. rains C. wont rain D. doesnt rain16 Bikes mustnt everywhere.A. be put B. be putted C. put D. putting17 Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei Harbin.A. have been to B. has been to C. have gone to D. has gone to18 Its cold today youd better more coats.A. put on B. take off C. to

35、 put on D. to take off19 Henry a birthday card for Sam yesterday.A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. will buy20 When I got to the factory, the workers about the filim.A. are talking B. talked C. were talking D. have talked21 No hurry, please your time.A. take B. bring C. carry D. catch22 I enjoy the

36、light music.A. to listen to B. listening to C. hearing D. to hear23 Please as soon as you get there.A. ring me up B. ring up meC. wake me up D. wake up me24 When I , I want to be a teacher.A. grows up B. grow up C. shall grow D. grew up25 I called him and he to have a talk with me.A. stop B. stops C. stopped D. stopped答案解析1答案 C.析 ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。2答案 A. 析 must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事。3答案 D. 析 句中有since引导的时间状语，因此句中要用完成时态。4答案 C.析 当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作，而写信是一个长动作，所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态，表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动