2020年职称英语卫生类补全短文模拟题(1)

1、2020 年职称英语卫生类补全短文模拟题（ 1 ）Washoe Learned American Sign Language1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington.Wash0e had become known

2、in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2.She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language.Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner beg

3、an teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.In 1969，the Gardners7described Washoes progress in a scientific report.The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words.For example ，Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat.She could request foods like appl

4、es and bananas.She also asked questions like，Who is coming toplay ？ Once5 the news about Washoe spread ，many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research.The whole direction of primate research changed.3 However， critics argued Washoe only learned to re

5、peat sign language movements from watching her teachers.They said she had never developed true language skills.Even now，thereare some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory ，and perform the signs only for prizes.Yet Washoes keepers disagree.Roger Fouts is a former s

6、tudent of the Gardners7.He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg ， Washington.There ， Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees ，which are still alive.4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believes Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimp

7、anzees8.Today ， there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps.Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.5 Debate continues about chimpsunderstanding of human communication.Yet ，one thing is sure Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilitie

8、s of animal intelligence.词汇：chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩 critic n. 评论家，批评家community n. 社区，圈子 workings n. 活动，运行primate n. 灵长类动物 chimp n.=chimpanzee注释：1.in the scientific community：在科学界，在科学家的圈子里2. American Sign Language (ASL)：美国手语。利用手、脸部表 情、身体姿势表达思想的美国聋哑人语言。在加拿大、墨西哥等地也 使用 ASL.ASL与 British Sign Language(BSL英国手语)不

9、同，两者不能相互理解。3.led to debate ：引起辩论。 lead to 意为“导致”， to 为介词， debate 为名词。4. she grew to understand about 250 words ：她逐步掌握约 250 个单词。 9row t0 是“逐步”的意思。5.Once ：一旦。 0nce 是连接词。例： Children like to cycle once they have learned how. 小孩一旦学会了如何骑自行车，就会喜 欢上它。6.of their own ：属于自己的。 of their own 的含义与 on their own不同，o

10、n their own 是“独自”的意思。7. the Gardners ：Gardner 夫妇8.Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe :像个体研究者Jane Goodall这样的科学家相信。like （像，跟一样）是介词，本句的谓语是believe.句子中的private researcher 意为“不受雇于任何单位，自己独立工作的科研 人员。”练习:1. Paragraph 12. Paragraph 23. Paragraph 34. Paragraph 4A. Reason Why Not Many Scien

11、tists Carry out This Research NowadaysB. Report about Washoes Progress in Learning Sign LanguageC. General Information about WashoeD. The GardenersContributions RecognizedE. Debate on ChimpsIntelligenceF. Washoes Love for Three Young Chimps5. Washoe could make signs to communicate6.Some scientists d

12、oubted7.Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligentA. if the Gardenersargument was soundB. because she was cleverer than other chimpsC. when she wanted to eatD. while she was at a research center in EllensburgE. because she could use sign langu

13、age to ask for fruitsF. while Washoe was learning sign language答案与题解：1. C第一段主要介绍猩猩 Washoe的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美 国学习美式手语等一般情况。用 General Information about Washoe 来概括是很准确的。2. B 第二段的关键句是 In 1969，the Gardners describedWashoes progress in a scientific report.随后的句子简略的介绍了 Washoe的学习情况和结果，如已学会了 250个单词，并能用手语表 达“该吃饭了”等

14、概念。所以， Report about Washoes Progress in Learning Sign Language（选项 B） 是答案。3. E 第三段介绍了对 Gardener 夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读 一派认为Washoe的手语水平仅仅机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为知识智能的表现，其证据是 Washoe 还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的焦点是猩猩有没有智能。选项 E 用 debate 来概括上述争论，所以是答案。4. A 第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多。 部分原因是研究周期太长。5. C 选 C 的第四段第二句： Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat.6. A 第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对 Gardener 夫妇的试验的解 读所持怀疑态度。题干中出现的 doubted 引导我们选 A.7. D 选 D DE 依据是第三段的最后一句，即 He took Washoe t