名词性从句的评讲

1、表语从句表语从句表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。的表语。结构是结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的可以接表语从句的系动词有系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。等。连接词：连接词：that / whether /as if /as though连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because 1.The question is whether we can rel

2、y on him.2.Thats because we were in need of money at that time .3.He looked as if he was going to cry .4.Thats why I was late .引导词的用法（一）引导词的用法（一）that在表语从句中在表语从句中 既不充当成分也没有意义，既不充当成分也没有意义，但是不能省略。但是不能省略。The fact is that he hasnt yet recover from illness. The reason why he has to go is that his mother i

3、s ill in bed.引导词的用法（二）引导词的用法（二）whether在表语从句中表在表语从句中表“是否是否” ,但不充当句但不充当句子的成分。子的成分。if 不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句.如如:1.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.2. The question is whether it is worth doing.引导词的用法（三）引导词的用法（三）what 在表语从句中充当在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语，

4、表示，表示什么，什么样子，什么，什么样子，或所或所的（人或事）的（人或事）1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be .3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.引导词的用法（四）引导词的用法（四）who 在表语从句中充当在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语，表示，表示谁谁.1. The problem is who could do the work2.

5、My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to引导词的用法（五）引导词的用法（五）which 在引导表语从句时在引导表语从句时,常充当常充当定语定语,表语表语， 表示表示其中哪一个其中哪一个如：如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is. 引导词的用法（六）引导词的用法（六）由由as if ,as though引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look, appear, seem等。等。1

6、. It looks as if it was doing to rain.2. The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl. 引导词的用法（七）引导词的用法（七）经典句型经典句型:The reason why.is that. . 的原因的原因 是是.It/That/This was because . 原因是原因是. 例如例如 : 1. The reason why I was late was that I missed the train. 2. I was late. It/That/This was because

7、 I missed the train.引导词的用法（八）引导词的用法（八）当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有导，有why, when, where, how等等This is how he did it.That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.Thats why weve given you the letter.表语从句引导词注意事项表语从句引导词注意事项1

8、. that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省.2. if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句.3.除除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。4. 除除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分 练习：练习： 1. Thats _ he called on us to do.2.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.3. The reason why he hasnt come is _ his mother is ill That is _ we w

9、ere late last time. 4. _your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.5. My hope is _he will become a doctor in the future. 6. Our village is no longer _over twenty years ago. 7. Doesnt Mr. Smith live on this street? -No .This is _Mr. Brown lives. 宾语从句的讲解与练习宾语从句的讲解与练习1 在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾

10、语从句可作谓语动词在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语的宾语，也可做介词的宾语, 还可以做形容词的宾语。还可以做形容词的宾语。eg： He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语介词宾语) I am happy that you can come to my party. (形容词宾语）形容词宾语）2 宾语从句的引导词有三类：宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1) 以以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句，引导的宾语从

11、句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。但第二个以上的可以省略。但第二个以上的that不能省。不能省。eg: The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on. She told me (that) she would like to go with us. I said that you are a good boy and that you are good at math.(2) 以连接代词以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词等或连接副词how, where, why 等等引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句

12、，从句是陈述语序从句是陈述语序eg : Could you tell me where you live? I want to know how soon it will begin.(3) 以以 whether 或或 if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg: I wonder if /whether you have told the new to Li Lei .3宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将

13、当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg: I want to know what time he got up this morning. You are telling me that you wont stop until tomorrow?(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的时态。时态。eg: They asked what Jean was doing now . Linda said that the train had left.(3) 当

14、从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。要使用一般现在时。eg: Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.练习：练习：1. I am sure _ you said is true.2. I dont know _he is at home or not.3.This depends on _ the weather is fine.4. The teacher asked

15、 the new student _ class he was in.5. - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?6. I hardly understand_ he has told me.7. She asked me if I knew _pen it was. 主语从句的讲解与练习主语从句的讲解与练习1. 定义定义: 在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句.主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（1）That he finished writing the

16、 composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4）Whom we must learn from is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）W

17、hose watch was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结小结:(1) 引导主语从句的引导词有：引导主语从句的引导词有：连词：连词： that, whether，引导主语从句，不能，引导主语从句，不能用用if连接代词：连接代词： who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等等连接副词：连接副词： where, when, how, why等等 (2) 连词连词位于句首不能省略位于句首不能省略（3)

18、主语从句做主语是大多数情况下视为三主语从句做主语是大多数情况下视为三单单 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，把真正的主放在句首，把真正的主语搁置于句末语搁置于句末It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。的连接词没有变化。It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 2. 用用it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词从句名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是

19、 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 (2) it is 形容词从句形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是 (3) it 不及物动词从句不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 (4) it is过去分词从句过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 / It is said that. 据说据说.练习：练习：1_ they are most i

20、nterested in is how they can produce more and better cars.2. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. _ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.4. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.5. _ we cant have seems better than what we

21、have.6. _is going to do the job will be decided by(由由决定）决定） the CEO.7. _you come or not is up to you.翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：1. 很明显他已经尽力而为了。很明显他已经尽力而为了。_2. 他们什么时候来还不知道。他们什么时候来还不知道。_3. 她渴望的是更多的钱。她渴望的是更多的钱。_4. 犯人是如何逃跑的是个迷。犯人是如何逃跑的是个迷。_5. 不论谁来都欢迎。不论谁来都欢迎。_6. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。_ 同位语从句讲义及练习同位语从

22、句讲义及练习在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。常在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。常放在放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面，等抽象名词后面，说明该名说明该名词的具体内容。词的具体内容。例：例：1. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.2. The

23、 report that he was going to resign was false. 3. Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）例：例：The genera

24、l gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否是否的含义，应用的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）不能引导同位语从句）例：例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候什么时候、什么地点什么地点、什么方式什么方式等含义，

25、应用等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从等词引导同位语从句。句。例例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 例例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 练习：练习：1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. 2. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.