初三英语-主谓一致

1、华乐思在线教学直播课堂华乐思在线教学直播课堂马上开始马上开始请同学们准备好笔和纸，认真听讲请同学们准备好笔和纸，认真听讲主讲教师：张漱玉主讲教师：张漱玉北京回民学校英语高级教师北京回民学校英语高级教师 。宣武区骨干。宣武区骨干教师，课程改革试验先进个人。所教英语试教师，课程改革试验先进个人。所教英语试验班成绩突出，历次考试均在区里名列前茅。验班成绩突出，历次考试均在区里名列前茅。 主谓一致主谓一致Agreement of Subject and Verb 谓语受主语支配，必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致主谓一致。 主谓一致一般遵循三条原则： 语法一致原则语法一致原则 意义一致原则

2、意义一致原则 就近一致原则就近一致原则语法一致原则语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致， 即通常情况下， 谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定， 主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式， 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。 1. 以以单数名词或代词单数名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词要做主语时，谓语动词要用单数用单数 ： He goes to school early every morning. Is your mother a worker ? A sheep is running along the river. 动词不定式动词不定式短语作主语及短语作主语及动

3、名词动名词短语短语做主语时，谓语动词要用单数做主语时，谓语动词要用单数; To work hard is necessary for a student.Seeing is believing.Reading in the morning is good for learning English. To serve the country is our duty. To become doctors is their ambition.Reading without comprehension is no good. 主语为复数时，谓语用复数主语为复数时，谓语用复数 The children

4、are playing outside. They have gone to Chengdu . Things are invented when the need is great enough. 2.由由and或或bothand连接的并列成分作主连接的并列成分作主 语时，谓语动词用复数。语时，谓语动词用复数。 Both he and I are right. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom. Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。从不腐烂。 What he says and

5、 what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。他言行不一致。Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。我和汤姆都喜欢医学。 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。 The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。这位工人作家来了。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。远处能看见有一套马车。 Truth and honesty

6、 is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。真诚是最好的策略。 Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. Ham and eggs is often preferred to hamburgers. The manager and secretary was present at the meeting. 3.由由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。单数形式。 In our country every boy and e

7、very girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.Every man，woman, and child is entitled to take part in the activity. Each pen and each paper is found in its place. Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here. No teacher and no student is excused(免于免于) fro

8、m taking part in the activity. Each boy and each girl was congratulated. Every hour and every minute is important. Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. No teacher and no student is admitted. 4.主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词

9、短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如： The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. A woman with two children has come. 5. 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如： People in Beijing are busy getting ready for the Olympics. The police are looking

10、for the lost boy. The police have caught the murderer凶手凶手. People here are very friendly. The police are having a meeting 6.由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。那时没什么特别情况。 7.有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,

11、 shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Where are my shoes? I cant find them Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如 Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort /

12、 type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / quantity / ton / metre / )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。 There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。只剩下少量的纸（书）了。Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。需要大量的水。This kind of apple is sweet. 这种苹果甜这种苹果甜。These kin

13、ds of apples are sweet . Apples of this kind are sweet . 8. 8. 以以-ics-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如politics(politics(政治学政治学) )，mathematics(mathematics(数学数学) )，statistics(statistics(统计学统计学) )，physics(physics(物理物理 ) )，linguistics(linguistics(语言学语言学) )等，谓语动词用单数等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：形式。例如： Mathematics is h

14、is favouriteMathematics is his favourite subject subject 考题分析考题分析： 1. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. (2007湖南)A. is B. are C. has been D. have been A 2.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river

15、 every Sunday afternoon in winter. (2006辽宁)A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going C3.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005上海)A. work B. working C. is working D. are working C4 The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiti

16、ng a museum when the earthquake struck. (2004北京)A. was B. were C. had been D. would be A5. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (1990)A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered A6. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painti

17、ng tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏)A. is B. are C. was D. were A7 _ parents say and do has a life-long affect on their children. (2007陕西)A. That B. Which C. What D. As C 意义一致的原则意义一致的原则 意义一致原则是指不依语法形式而侧意义一致原则是指不依语法形式而侧重于依据实质意义处理主谓关系，重于依据实质意义处理主谓关系， 根据主根据主语所表达的实际含义确定谓语动词的形式。语所表达的实际含义确定谓语动词的形式。 1.表时间、距离、价格

18、、度量衡等的名词作表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear.Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job. Twenty years is a long period of his life. Five thousand dollars is more than I can afford. Ten miles is a long way to walk. 当数学运算中的数词

19、作主语时，谓语动词用当数学运算中的数词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，但若用了单复数均可，但若用了plus， minus， multiplied或或divide时，谓语动词多用时，谓语动词多用equals. Two fours are eight. 6 multiplied by 3 equals 18. Four from five leaves one. 2.有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如： My family is big one. My family are watching TV.Our fam

20、ily is a happy one. 我们有个幸福的家庭。The family are early risers. 这家人都起得The basketball team consists of 20 players.（指整个球队） The basketball team are having a bath now.（指篮球队的队员） 3.不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 All of the wo

21、rk has been finished. All of the people have gone. 不定代词each ,one , much, (a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other 等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。 Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . Either of the rooms is big enough. 两个房间中的任何一间都够大。Neither plan suits me .Neither of the plans suits me . 两个计划都不适合我

22、。4.疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。 Who is your brother? Who are League members? Which is your room? 哪是你的房间？ Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你们的房间？ 5.“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。 It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fo

23、urths of the surface of the earth is sea.6.half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。 I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.Half of the guests were here. Half of the apple is bad. 这

24、只苹果坏了一半Half of the apples are bad. 苹果中有一半是坏的。 All of the paint is fine. All of the students are working hard. A lot of money is spent on tobacco烟草烟草every year. A lot of things have been done by her since yesterday. Most of his spare time was spent in reading. Most of the houses in this town are new.

25、 None of the money is mine. None of us have/has been to Xian. 7.由主语从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。 How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。 What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. What that country needs is more jobs and lower taxes. 8.凡是以凡是以“定冠词定冠

26、词+形容词（或分词）形容词（或分词）”作主作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person.9.事件、国名、机构名称、书籍及其它作品事件、国名、机构名称、书籍及其它作品的名称作主语时，谓语动词均

27、用单数形式。的名称作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式。 The United Nations was formed in 1945. Great Expectation is a very famous novel. 10. the number of (的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of students is increasing every year in the school. a number （group） of（许多）做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 A number of people are in the meeting room now. A nu

28、mber of students in this class are from Sichuan. The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 课间休息五分钟课间休息五分钟考题解析考题解析考题1 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. (2007江西) A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are B考题2 T

29、he company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (2006浙江)A. is B. are C. was D. were D考题3 _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. (2000上海)A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are

30、C考题4 Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. (2006安徽)A. are B. is C. being D. to be B考题5 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. (2005山东)A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away D考题6

31、Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _ among the rubbish. (1999)A. were found B. was found C. has found D. have found B考题7 As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ rising these days. (2006) A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keepingC考题8 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially tho

32、se from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. (2005辽宁)A. is working B. works C. work D. workedC 邻近一致的原则邻近一致的原则 邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 1.主语是由or, either . or ., nor, neither . nor ., not . but ., not only . but also . 等连接的并列主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定 E

33、ither you or I am right. Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，不是你， 而是你父亲该受责备。而是你父亲该受责备。 One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。 What I say or what I think is no business of yours. 我所说的或者我所想的与你们没关系。 Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.Neither I nor he is

34、 to blame责备责备. Neither you nor I am wrong. Not only you but also he is wrong. Not only the teacher but also his students object to反对反对the change. Not only his friends, but also he himself is looking forward to the holding of the party. 2）在“There be” 句型中,真正的主语在be之后， 如果there be后存在并列的主语， 系动词be应与它相邻的主语保

35、持一致，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. There is a book and some pens on the desk. 3. as well as （还，并且) rather than（而不是）和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。 I as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here

36、 is a letter and some books for you. Here are some apples and bread for you. Here is a table， some chairs， and a few desks in the room. 强化练习强化练习1. Bread and butter _ what Americans usually have for breakfast. A. are B. isC. was D. were2. My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A

37、. race B. races C. is raced D. is racingBB3. Climbing hills _ of great help to health.A. is B. are C. were D. be4. The injured _ good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being takenC. are taking D. is being takenAB5. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.

38、 A. is B. are C. were D. was6. Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playingDD7. Each boy and girl _given a gift on Christmas Day. A. is B. are C. were D. was 8. The singer and dancer _ come to our school.A. have B. has C. were D. wa

39、sAB9. How and why Jack came to China _ not known. And when and where to build the new library _ not been decided. A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; haveA10. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. is B. was C. are D. were11. Soon after the earthquake, every man, w

40、oman and child _ about it.A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talksBB12. Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second hand car.A. is B. are C. were D. be13. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north or foreign countries.A. are;

41、 is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; areAD14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was15. Not only I but also everyone else _ so.A. say B. says C. have said D. has sayAB16. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B. is;

42、Are C. are; Is D. is; Is17. We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points.A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; hasBD18. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited. A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made19. There _ a pen, two pencils, and three books

43、on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. haveCB 20. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. beB请选择括号中动词的正确形式填空。1.Neither you nor your sister _(has/have) been working hard. 2.Fifteen percent of the students _(is/are) absent today. 3.One thous

44、and dollars _(is/are) a lot of money to such a little child. hasareis4.Your brother, as well as his friends，_(is/are) very kind to us. 5.What he said _(is/are) reasonable. 6.The class _(is /are) the best in the school. 7.News _(is/are) necessary to our life. isisisis8. Nobody but Jack and Jane _ (ha

45、s/have) made great progress in the class recently. 9.The singer and dancer _(is/are) welcomed warmly by the local people. 10.No teacher and no student _(is/are) listening to the lecture. hasisis选择填空：选择填空：1.Neither he nor I _ for the plan. A. were B. is C are D. am2. My family as well as I _ glad to

46、see you. A. was B. is C. are D. amDC3. My father, together with some of his old friends, _ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been4. There are two roads and either _ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leadsCD5. Nine plus three _ twelve. A. are making B. is

47、 making C. make D. makes6. Twenty miles _ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. wereDB7. Very few _ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows8. When and where this took place _ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. areCB9. I know that all _ getting on well w

48、ith her. A. were B. are C. is D. was10. The rest of the novel _ very interesting. A. seem B. is C. are D. wereBB11. Our family _ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. areD c13. Jim is the only one of the staff members who _to be promoted(晋升）晋升）. A) are B) have been C) is D) has 14. The students in our school each _ an English dictionary. A.