初中英语复习六—非谓语动词

1、初中英语复习六非谓语动词非谓语动词一、动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done1、动词不定式作主语(1)当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。例如：To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.(对

2、于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ (2)当动词不定式在句子中作主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语。例如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。It is not difficult to work out the problem.弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。(3)Its for sb.和 Its of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为

3、表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等 例如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。2、动词不定式作表语(1)不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。

4、例如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。3、动词不定式作宾语及物动词ask，agree，beg，care，choose，decide，expect，force，fail，hesitate，claim，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，plan，prepare，promise，refuse，want，wish等要求动词不定式作宾语。例如：We want to learn some body language

5、.我们想学习一点身势语。She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。4、动词不定式作宾语补足语有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。(1)能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow， get，warn，tell，invite，force， oblige， beg， wish，want， like， hate， expect， encourage， advise

6、， persuade，permit， request， order， cause， know， call on等。例如：Would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？Father will not allow us to play on the street.(2)用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。但是，这类句子变为被动语态时，不定式符号to仍保留。例如：I s

7、aw him dance. =He was seen to dance.我看见他跳舞。The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.老板让他们整夜干活。5、动词不定式与疑问词、介词的连用当宾语是不定式(短语)时，如果其后有宾语补足语，则须用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后，即：“主语 +谓语 + it +宾补不定式（短语）”。常见的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, etc.例如：I dont think it is necessary to bu

8、y a bigger computer.我认为没有必要买那个大功能的计算机。He found it important to study the situation in Russian.他发现研究俄国形势非常重要。6、动词不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 7、动词不定式作状语(1)目的状语常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in or

9、der to do,so as to do,so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。(2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。(3)表原因Im gla

10、d to see you. 见到你很高兴。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。(4)表示理由和条件He must be a fool to say so.他可定是傻子才这样说。You will do well to speak more carefully.如果你仔细说，你会做得更好。 8、不定式的否定和省略形式(1) 不定式的否定通常应直接在不定式前加否定词not。Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没

11、看见。(2)关于too.to.表示否定的情况,表示“如此.以致不能.，”一般表示否定。例如：He is too young to go to school.(=He is so young that he cant go to school.)She was too excited to say a word.(=She was so excited that she could not say a word.)(3) would rather，had better句型后(4) help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：(5) but和except后。but

12、前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。(6) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去二、动名词1、动名词作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别。一般地说，动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为，尤其是强调多次性的动作；不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如：Checking information is very important

13、.核实情况是非常重要的。Learning a foreign language is very useful to me.学习一门外语，来说是非常重要的。2、动名词作宾语(1)有些动词后面只能接v-doing动名词。如：admit， advise， avoid， consider，delay， mind， miss， permit， practise， enjoy， resist，risk， appreciate， imagine，finish例如：Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考虑过找一位特别亲密的朋友呢？(2)介

14、词+v-doingbe used to， prevent.from， depend on，feel like， be fond of（喜欢）， be proud of（以.自豪）， put off（推迟）， give up（放弃）， devote oneself to（致力于.) ，help yourself to， be busy in，be afraid of(害怕）， apologize for （为.道歉）等。例如：I dont feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路。The Great Green will stop the wind

15、 from blowing the earth away.绿色长城将阻止风刮走土。注意： 动名词前的介词有时可以省略。如： have difficulty (in) doing ; have no trouble (in) doing; lose no time (in) doing; prevent/stop.(from) doing（阻止做.); there is no use (in) doing等。例如：I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English.我发某些英语单词的音有一些困难。The heavy

16、rain kept them from going out.大雨阻止了他们外出。We must stop them (from) making the same mistake again.我们必须防止犯同样的错误。(3)有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语，也可以用不定式作直接宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义。1)like，love，prefer，hate.等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的情感动词，后跟不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种倾向、爱好或习惯性的动作”例如：I dont like to read this novel.我不喜欢看这本小说。I dont

17、like reading in bed.我不喜欢在床上看书。注意：这几个词前面有would， should 时，后面都只跟不定式。例如：Would you like to dine out? 你愿意在外面吃顿饭吗？2)动词remember，forget，stop，go on，try，regret，cant help等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语，但表达的意思却不同。与动词不定式连用时，表示未完成的动作。例如：remember 后用动名词表示 “记起过去做过的一件事”；后用动词不定式表示“记住要去做某一件事情”。例如：Remember to go to the post office af

18、ter school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?forget 后用动词不定式表示.“忘记要去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“忘记过去做过的一件事情”。例如：The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）stop后用动词不定式表示“停下来做另一件事情”（停下来

19、的目的）；后用动名词表示“停止正在做的事情”。例如：They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。 go on doing sth 表示“继续不停地做某事（同件事）”;后用不定式表示“继续做另外一件事”After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着

20、做其他的练习 try用动词不定式表示“设法去做某件事情”；后用动名词表示“试一试某种办法”。例如：You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。 mean后用动词不定式表示“打算、想要做某事”；后用动名词表示“意味着、意思是”。例如： I meant to tell you yesterday，but you were not in your office.我打算昨天告诉你，但是你不在办公室。 Missing the train means waiting

21、for an hour错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时。cant help后用动词不定式表示“不能帮助做.”。后用动名词表示“禁不住.；不得不”。例如：He couldnt help finishing it.他不得不把这件事完成。We couldnt help to finish it. 我们不能帮助完成这件事。be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕，be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。例如：She was afraid to wa

22、ke her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。learn后跟不定式表示“学会了做某事”或“学着做某事”；跟动名词表示“学过做某事”，但不一定会了。例如：He has learned to type.他学会了打字。（指会使用打字机）He has learned typing. 他学过打字。（他不一定会使用打字机）4）动词need, want, require,以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。例如：His clothes need mending(t

23、o be mended).他的衣服需要缝补。Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving.老师说我们的这种学习方法需要改进。These babies will require taking good care of.这些婴儿需要细心照料。His talk is well worth listening to.他的报告很值得一听。3、动名词的否定形式的表达方式动名词否定结构由“not+动名词”构成。I regret not having worked(not working) hard at school.我后悔过去上学时学习不努

24、力。It is no use buying books but not reading them.买了书却不读是没有什么用处的。3、 练习一一、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。 1.Its very nice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing二、考查非谓语动词用作宾语2.一Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，

25、please07淄博市Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close 3.Mary and I enjoy _ badminton07黔岭东南州Ato play B playing Cplayed4.-So hot in the classroomWould you mind _the windows? 0KIll do it right now黄冈市A not closing B not opening C closing Dopening5.-Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the text一Remember _it three times

26、at least威海市Ato understand；readingB understanding；readingC understanding；to read Dto understand；to read at night 6.-How are you feeling here?-Its quite hot. I dont know to go or stay. 武汉A. how B. when C. whether D. where7.Many people think its very important us learn English well. 贵阳A. for, to B. to,

27、 to C. with, for8.The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_.河北A. what to eatB. how to eatC. where to eatD. when to eat9-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.河南课改试验区 A. what to useB. which one to use C. how to use itD. when to use it10It took my daughter tw

28、o weeks _the novels _by Yand Hongying.潍坊A. read; writtenB. to read; writtenC. reading; to writeD. to read; wrote11.Drivers are warned _when they are tired.佛山A. to driveB. not driveC. not to drive12.If you want to know _the mobile phone, youd better read the instructions first.大连A. how to use B. how

29、to makeC. where to mendD. where to buy13.China will spend about 52 billion yuan _new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(时期)07临沂市Arepairing; building B to build；repair Cbuilding；repairing Dto repair；build14.students should pay attention to _the teacher in cl

30、ass07泰州市Ahear B1istento C listening to D hearing of三、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。 15.Alice asked me another bag for her. 北京市课标卷A. get B. got C. to get D. getting16.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. 长沙A. swim B. to swim C. swimming17.

31、-What did your sister say to you last night?-She asked me _my father her secret.绍兴 A. to tell not B. not to tellC. dont tellD. not tell18.Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps19.Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for ou

32、r parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. 哈尔滨A. to know B. knowing C. know20.-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us _proud.包头A. feel B. to feelC. felt D. feeling四、考查非谓语动词用作定语21.Shopping with me?Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （2004江西省南昌） Ato washBwashedCwash

33、Dto be washed五、考查非谓语动词用作状语 22.-Linda, I am very thirsty. -Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? 重庆A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying23.In order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.乐山A. makes B. makingC. to makeD. make24.一There goes the bell一Its time for class. L

34、ets stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk四、练习二1Tom likes cars. He enjoys _ model cars of all kinds. A. collectsB. collectingC. to collectD. collected2The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers _ halfway. A. stopB. to stopC. stoppingD. stopped3I11 give a talk tomorrow. Im thinking about .

35、A. what to say B. how to say C. what can I say D. how can I say4My sister doesnt like the dress. She thinks it makes her fat. A. look B. looks C. to look D. looked5You may be _if you have a _ problem. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. worrying; worried D. worried; worrying6。Chinas badmint

36、on team won the Sudirman Cup for the fifth time; they deserved_.(湖北黄石)A. to reward B. rewarding C. to be rewarded D. being rewarded7。- Mum, Im hungry. - What about going to McDonalds _ fried chicken? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. and eat8Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not to wake him up

37、B. not wake him up C. not wake up him D. not to wake up him9If everyone makes a contribution _ the environment, our country will become more beautiful. A. to protect B. in protectingC. to protecting D. for protecting10Ive made it possible for my computersthe same programs by means of networking. A.

38、to shareB. shareC. sharedD. shares11Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody_ bad things. A. watch B. to watchC. watching D. watches12Shopping with me?Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed13I want to buy a digital camera online. Can you show me _ the In

39、ternet? A.searchB.to searchC.how to searchD.what to search14It _ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _the earth 14 times in his spaceship. A. spent, circling B. took, traveling C. spent, to travel D. took, to circle15The little girl saw the gorilla in the park with a toy bear. A. to play B. playing C. is play

40、ing D. plays 16How about _ to the cinema on Sunday? Ago Bto go Cgoing Dwill go17Jim asked Lin Feng _ forget to change water Ato not Bdont Cnot Dnot to18Listen! Can you hear a baby _? A. cry B. to cry C. cryingD. cries19Youd better _ on Sundays. Its too crowded. A. go shopping B. not go shopping C. n

41、ot to go shopping D. to go shopping20The little girl was too frightened _ a word. A. not to tell B. not to say C. to tellD. to say21My watch doesnt work. I must have it _. A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing22Stop _ so much noise! My father is sleeping. A. to make B. making C. to hear D. h

42、earing5、 练习三1. My parents often tell me too much junk food because its bad for my health.A. not eatingB. not to eatC. eatingD. to eat2. Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went3. What about a rest? Lets go for a walk.A. to take B. take C. taking4. All the Chinese pe

43、ople must work hard China Dream. A. to realize B. realize C. realizing5. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Lets try our best them. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps6. Our English teacher often says to us, “_ English well is very important”A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To lea

44、rning7. He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches8.Everyone may feel time very quickly when they do something interesting. A. go by B. to go by C. went by9 Im looking forward to _my parents soon. What about you? Me tooA. seeing B. see C. saw10. Seeing their

45、teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once.A. walk; tellingB. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking11. Im sleepy. I prefer _ at home to going out for a walk. A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep12. At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A

46、. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk13. He used to _in a small village, but now he has been used to _in a big city.A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living14.You look too tired. Why not_a rest?A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having15. Would you mind_ the window? Its very hot. No,

47、not at all. A. open B. to open C. opening16. Laura enjoys story books. Me, too. A. reading B. read C. to read17. My parents asked computer games. A. not playing B. not to play C. not play 18. How kind you are! You always do what you can _ others. A. helpB. helpingC. helpsD. to help19. What a heavy r

48、ain! So it is. I prefer _ rather than _ on such a rainy day. A. to go out; stay at home B. to stay at home; go out C. going out; stay at home D. staying at home ; go out20. Excuse me. Could you tell me _ get to the nearest post office?Sorry, I am new here.A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. wha

49、t I can21. When I walked past the park, I saw some old people _ Chinese Taiji.A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing22. Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, youd better try different ways you can think of _ words and expressions.A. remember B. to remember C. remembering23. The Great

50、Green Wall can stop the wind and sand _ to the rich land in the south of China. A. move B. to move C. from moving24. Animals are our close friends. We are supposed _ them. A. to protect B. protecting C. protect25. The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well. A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing26. I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into t