国培教师讲座内容2

1、The historical development of the English language1 Modern English, 16th Century onward2 Middle English, 1100-15003 Old English, 449-11th Century4 Ancient Latin/Greek5 Phoenician, 3000 BC6 Egyptian pictograph/ hieroglyph,4000BCThe philosophical influences on both English and ChineseAristotle: ration

2、alityConfucianism, Taoism and Buddhism: SensibilityEnglish VS. Chinese: Ten Pairs of Features1. Synthetic VS AnalyticA synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflectedforms to express grammatical relationships.An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use

3、 of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, ratherthan of infected forms.(1) Inflectional VS. Non-inflectional(2) Word Order: Flexible VS Inflexible(3) The Use of Function Words: English and Chinese Make Use of Different Types of Function Words.She

4、was with a child.She was with child.They are students of our school.They are the students of our school.I have lived here for more than a year.I have lived here for more than one year.Please take a chair.He took the chair today.He took the chair of the committee.2. Rigid VS Supple3. Hypotactic VS. P

5、aratacticHypotaxis is the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives.Parataxis is the arranging of clauses one after another without connectives showing the relation between them.We will not attack unless we are attacked.I have made proposals, but they proved f

6、utile.Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved.If he wont come here, Ill not go there.Smart as a rule, but this time a fool.Let everybody share the food if there is any.Until all is over, ambition never dies.He who does not advance falls backward./Move forward,

7、 or youll fall behind.Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable.4. Complex VS. SimpleIn the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the peopleI met.Can you answer a q

8、uestion which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?5. Impersonal VS PersonalAn idea suddenly struck me.A strange peace came over her when she was alone.Alarm began to take entire possession of him.From the moment we stepped into the Peoples Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on eve

9、ry side.6. Passive VS ActiveTwo persons rode one horse.A pot of rice like this can feed 10 people.The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problem solved.It is generally considered thatVoices were heard calling for help.Kissinger was alarmed by Chinas first atomic blas

10、t in October, 1964.7. Static VS. Dynamic He is a good eater and a good sleeper.I used to be a bit of a fancier myself.He has someone behind him.8 Abstract VS ConcreteHe waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation.I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.The absence of intelligence

11、 is an indication of satisfactory developments.Was this the realization of an anticipated liability.He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.When young he quitted his home and traveled to the metropolis, which he reached in a state of almost utter destination.9 Indirect VS Direct

12、Sanitary engineerMeat technologistAt first, I was poor. Then I became needy. Later I was underprivileged. Now Imdisadvantaged. I still dont have a cent to my name, but I sure have a great vocabulary.To my no small astonishment, I found the house on fire.It serves no little purpose to continue public

13、 discussion of this issue.One could not be too careful in a new neighbourhood.It can be worse.You are late for the last time.You ought to know better than to do such things.Im terribly sorry to interrupt you, but I wonder if you would be so kind as to lower your voices a little.Careful consideration

14、 of relevant data is imperative before the procedure most conducive toward a realization of the desired outcomes can be determined.Im Li. Could I have your name?I wonder if you would be kind enough to enlighten me on this matter.I had the pleasure of perusing your work.10 Substitutive VS RepetitiveI

15、n any case work does not include time, but power does.A man is called selfish, not for pursuing his own good, but for neglecting his neighbors.Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.Work with, and not against, nature.Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing

16、, ones mind.Johns bought himself a new Ford. He practically lives in the car.The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things.We must not pretend to know when we do not know.Let me say what he likes; Ill just get on with my work.Our old clothes and few sticks of furnit