非谓语动词动名词

1、教学重点: 掌握动？名词这一语法知识。了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。命题趋势：动名词的考点依次为作宾语，作主语，作定语，作表语。一些固定的基本知识应记牢。知识点回忆在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词分词包括现在分词和过去分词。动名词1?动名词简述：动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。由动词 +ing构成，与现在分 词的形式相同。动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语介词宾语和动 宾和表语，还 可以作定语。同时，动名词仍然具有动词的假设干特点，它可以有自己的宾语和状语。2.动名词在句中所能充当的成分：主语宾语表语定语状语补语动名词VV2.1

2、动名词作主语Talk ing mends no holes.空谈无济于事。Seeing is believ ing. 眼见为实。Having done the work is an experie nee you* 11 n ever forget.做过这种工作，就会使你永生难忘注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。详见上三例2.1.1 用 It 作形式主语 用动名词作主语时，和动词不定式一样，有时也用 It 作形式主语。It is no use (useless) talking too much? 二 Talking too much is nouse (useless) ?It is

3、 no good crying? 二 Crying is no good ?It trains the ear listening to music? 二 Listening to musictrains the ear ?2. 1. 2 在 there be 句型中 只能用动名词作主语 ( 不用不定式 )There is no + - ing. 是不可能的 )二 It is impossible toee*. ?No one can*.There is no telling what will happen.二 It is impossible to tell what will happe

4、n. 二 No one can tell what will happen. 无法预言将会发生什么事情。There is no getting along with him二 It is difficult to get along with him. 他这个人很难相处。2. 2 动名词作表语His hobby is painting.What he likes best is making jokes动名词作表语时，一般表示比较抽象的习惯动作，表语和主语常常可以 互换His hobby is painting ?Painting is his hobby.What he likes best

5、 is making jokesMaking jokes is what he likes bestOne of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits2. 3 动名词和不定式在句中做主语和表语的区别一般情况下两者区别不大，有时可以通用。Seeing is believing ? 二 To see is to believe?It is dangerous playing with explosives? 二 It is dangerous to playwith

6、explosives ?2.3.2 有时，动名词和不定式也有区别，主要表现在动名词所表示的动作 比较抽 象，或者是习惯性的， 而不定式多表示某次比较具体的动作， 特 别是将来的动作。His hobby is painting?In summer what he wants to do is to paint2. 4 动名词作宾语Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subjectThe rain prevented us from going out.2. 4. 1只能用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit成认，appreciate感谢

7、，赞赏，avoid 防止， complete 完成， consider 考虑， delay 耽误， deny 否认， detest 讨 厌， endure 忍受， enjoy g- 欢， escape 逃脱， prevent 阻止， fancy 想象，finish 完成， imagine 想象， mind 介意， miss 错过， postpone 推迟， practise 训练, recall 回忆， resent 讨厌， resist 抵抗， resume 继续， risk ni 险， suggest 建议， face 面对， include 包括， stand 忍受， understan

8、d 理 解， forgive 宽恕, keep 继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught ?2. 4. 2 只能用动名词作宾语的词组有：admit to 成认， add to 加上， be (get) used to 习惯于， be accustomed to 习惯于， be tired of 厌烦 , be fond of 喜欢， becapable of 有的能力,be afraid of为而害怕,b

9、e proud of 为 自豪，骄傲，be successful in 在成功，be good at 擅长于，be interested in 对? 感兴趣， be engaged in 从事于， be busy with 忙于， be sentenced to 宣判， burst out 突然， can， t help 禁不住， come to 谈到， confess to 成认， count on / upon 依靠，信赖， devote oneself to 把奉献给， dream of 梦想， depend on 依靠， excuse? for 为而原谅， feel like 愿意做什

10、 么,give up 放弃,hold off 推迟，insist on坚持，It s worth值得，Its no use good 没有用/不好，无益 keep on坚持，know of 对解，look forward to 期盼，盼望， lead to 导致， object to 反对， put off 推 迟， preve nt ?from* 阻止免受， pay attention to 注意， prefer ? to 比起 更， stick to 坚持， set about 着手去做 , think of / about想到/考虑There be 句型中动名词的使用。There is

11、no needharm + (in) doing hurry例如：?When I heard his voice, I couldn t help thinking of my fat her.You d better put off having the meeting till next month ?2. 4.3 动名词和不定式作宾语，有以下区别：常见于 like, hate, learn, prefer, love这些动词I like ska ting. But I don t like to skate toda y. 我喜欢滑冰，但是我今天不想去滑冰。(like skating 是

12、指一贯的，习惯性的爱好，而 like to skate 是暂时 的动作)The girl has learned to cook ?这个小姑娘已经学会做饭了。The girl has learned cooking.这个小姑娘学过做饭。 learn to do 表示学会做某事 learn doing 表示曾学过2. 4. 4 以下词组中，动名词和不定式都可以作宾语，但区别很大 :(1) stop doing / to do stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。(2) forget doing / to do forget to do 忘记要

13、去做某事。 ( 未做 ) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 ( 已做 )(3) remember doing / to do?remember to do 记得去做某事 ( 未做)?remember doing 记得做过某事 ( 已做)(4) regret doing / to do?regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 ( 未做 )regret doi ng对做过的事遗憾、懊悔。(已做)(5) cease doing / to do cease to do 长时间，其至永远停做某事。 cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。(6) try doing / to

14、do try to do努力，企图做某事。 try doing试验，试着做某事。(7) go on doing / to do g。 on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。(8) be afraid of doing / to do?be afraid to do 不敢，害怕去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意 为“怕。be afraid of doing担忧出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的， 意为生怕，恐怕。(9) be interested in doing / to do be interested to do 对做

15、某事感兴趣，想了解某事。 be interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣 , doing 通常为想法。(10) mean doing / to do ?mean to do 打算去做某事 mean doing 意味着某事(11) begin (start) doing / to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth(12) learn to do / doing learn to do 表示学会做某事 learn doing 表示曾学过2. 5 动名词作定语例如 : drinking water 饮用水 walki

16、ng stick 手杖 smoking room 吸烟室 动名词作定语一般表示所修饰词的用途 2. 6 动名词定语和不定式定语的区别的后面2. 6.1 动名词定语在它所修饰词的前面， 而不定式定语要放在它所修饰词 The swimming pool belongs to our school?I have something important to do.2. 6. 2 动名词定语表示所修饰词的用途或使用目的，而不定式定语表示的 动作性较强，所修饰词往往是不定式的承受者逻辑宾语。He wants to improve his teaching method ?Do you have anyt

17、hing to say?3 . 动名词的否认式和动名词短语3.1 动名词的否认式： not +动名词I must apologize not letting you know ahead of time?His not getting to the station on the time makes everyone worried?3. 2 动名词短语物主代词/名词的所有格 +动名词 此时物主代词和名词的所有格是这个动名词的逻辑主语， 动名词短语可 以作主语、 表语和宾语动词宾语和介词宾语Li Ming J s being late made his teacher very angry.I

18、 think the big problem is their not having enough time?Do you mind my leaving now?4. 动名词的时态和语态4. 1 动名词的时态4.1.1 动名词的一般式 表示泛指的一般性动作，即动作发生的时间并不明确；或者动名词所表 示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在它的动作之后发生。I m looking forward to seeing you soon.4. 1.2 动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生You regret not having taken the doctor s advice, do y