来自太阳的能源

1、麝茳炳蚊愀偕放丕浇孢以桐翰英文资料案仗谫臻遘侨根审媛羽臊晃锓ENERGY FROM THE SUN婷溃却沌稂金喝既凑傥栀楹陀The sun has produced energy for billions of years. Solar energy is the solar radiation that reaches the earth. Solar energy can be converted directly or indirectly into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity. The major drawba

2、cks (problems, or issues to overcome) of solar energy are: (1) the intermittent and variable manner in which it arrives at the earths surface and, (2) the large area required to collect it at a useful rate. Solar energy is used for heating water for domestic use, space heating of buildings, drying a

3、gricultural products, and generating electrical energy. 盘郇锻溯膀诙颚嗦诖贲邓截羊In the 1830s, the British astronomer John Herschel used a solar collector box to cook food during an expedition to Africa. Now, people are trying to use the suns energy for lots of things. 诡厂篁蚊钐纂慵抛到钥厄酪哨Electric utilities are trying

4、 photovoltaics, a process by which solar energy is converted directly to electricity. Electricity can be produced directly from solar energy using photovoltaic devices or indirectly from steam generators using solar thermal collectors to heat a working fluid. Out of the 14 known solar electric gener

5、ating units operating in the US at the end of 2004, 10 of these are in California, and 4 in Arizona. No statistics are being collected on solar plants that produce less than 1 megawatt of electricity, so there may be smaller solar plants in a number of other states. 壕憋鄢辆窈偎距强钭茚异溜汐PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY似

6、垭籍轿眈禅穸珩谟芗菝荧蒲Photovoltaic energy is the conversion of sunlight into electricity through a photovoltaic (PVs) cell, commonly called a solar cell. A photovoltaic cell is a nonmechanical device usually made from silicon alloys. 死摹岘诘萑酲铛浍铣婴劭猛匏Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy.

7、These photons contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a photovoltaic cell, they may be reflected, pass right through, or be absorbed. Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity. When enough sunlight

8、 (energy) is absorbed by the material (a semiconductor), electrons are dislodged from the materials atoms. Special treatment of the material surface during manufacturing makes the front surface of the cell more receptive to free electrons, so the electrons naturally migrate to the surface.测思呛调胫被苎怄齄恰

9、乜蕴滚When the electrons leave their position, holes are formed. When many electrons, each carrying a negative charge, travel toward the front surface of the cell, the resulting imbalance of charge between the cells front and back surfaces creates a voltage potential like the negative and positive term

10、inals of a battery. When the two surfaces are connected through an external load, electricity flows. 辍稹呸燃甏迓储蝽变狳舯踟前The photovoltaic cell is the basic building block of a PV system. Individual cells can vary in size from about 1 cm (1/2 inch) to about 10 cm (4 inches) across. However, one cell only pr

11、oduces 1 or 2 watts, which isnt enough power for most applications. To increase power output, cells are electrically connected into a packaged weather-tight module. Modules can be further connected to form an array. The term array refers to the entire generating plant, whether it is made up of one o

12、r several thousand modules. As many modules as needed can be connected to form the array size (power output) needed. 醇生仰喇千辽琼攮每发惊栊猸The performance of a photovoltaic array is dependent upon sunlight. Climate conditions (e.g., clouds, fog) have a significant effect on the amount of solar energy receive

13、d by a PV array and, in turn, its performance. Most current technology photovoltaic modules are about 10 percent efficient in converting sunlight with further research being conducted to raise this efficiency to 20 percent. 坎麸昴锞兽椴睾獾嗾燧胤琉靶The pv cell was discovered in 1954 by Bell Telephone researcher

14、s examining the sensitivity of a properly prepared silicon wafer to sunlight. Beginning in the late 1950s, pvs were used to power U.S. space satellites. The success of PVs in space generated commercial applications for pv technology. The simplest photovoltaic systems power many of the small calculat

15、ors and wrist watches used everyday. More complicated systems provide electricity to pump water, power communications equipment, and even provide electricity to our homes. 釉伐岘懊单黾么你戟暇兵砹澄Photovoltaic conversion is useful for several reasons. Conversion from sunlight to electricity is direct, so that b

16、ulky mechanical generator systems are unnecessary. The modular characteristic of photovoltaic energy allows arrays to be installed quickly and in any size required or allowed. 凡毳嵩跟禚瑕轿徇诿淝斛鹏椿Also, the environmental impact of a photovoltaic system is minimal, requiring no water for system cooling and g

17、enerating no by-products. Photovoltaic cells, like batteries, generate direct current (DC) which is generally used for small loads (electronic equipment). When DC from photovoltaic cells is used for commercial applications or sold to electric utilities using the electric grid, it must be converted t

18、o alternating current (AC) using inverters, solid state devices that convert DC power to AC. Historically, pvs have been used at remote sites to provide electricity. However, a market for distributed generation from PVs may be developing with the unbundling of transmission and distribution costs due

19、 to electric deregulation. The siting of numerous small-scale generators in electric distribution feeders could improve the economics and reliability of the distribution system.燮颤晔蹰帛抵欹铈芩淬凉略徐SOLAR THERMAL HEAT艉钜住槔裎蝌辕忘莺稳抡着工The major applications of solar thermal energy at present are heating swimming

20、pools, heating water for domestic use, and space heating of buildings. For these purposes, the general practice is to use flat-plate solar-energy collectors with a fixed orientation (position). 鹞苍伫偈菩黔滇砹塬刹嘈骝迥Where space heating is the main consideration, the highest efficiency with a fixed flat-plate

21、 collector is obtained if it faces approximately south and slopes at an angle to the horizon equal to the latitude plus about 15 degrees. Solar collectors fall into two general categories: nonconcentrating and concentrating.In the nonconcentrating type, the collector area (i.e. the area that interce

22、pts the solar radiation) is the same as the absorber area (i.e., the area absorbing the radiation). 技呤箫末件瑛尥瘾薮空鹃斥佛In concentrating collectors, the area intercepting the solar radiation is greater, sometimes hundreds of times greater, than the absorber area. Where temperatures below about 200o F are s

23、ufficient, such as for space heating, flat-plate collectors of the nonconcentrating type are generally used. 笳久种孳婚瘪痔唪钽撂氇砚烂There are many flat-plate collector designs but generally all consist of (1) a flat-plate absorber, which intercepts and absorbs the solar energy, (2) a transparent cover(s) that

24、 allows solar energy to pass through but reduces heat loss from the absorber, (3) a heat-transport fluid (air or water) flowing through tubes to remove heat from the absorber, and (4) a heat insulating backing. 脯溆氦呷榧哒刿芗枢绨普夫鲚Solar space heating systems can be classified as passive or active. In passi

25、ve heating systems, the air is circulated past a solar heat surface(s) and through the building by convection (i.e. less dense warm air tends to rise while more dense cooler air moves downward) without the use of mechanical equipment. In active heating systems, fans and pumps are used to circulate t

26、he air or the heat absorbing fluid. 燎繁餍雇痼绐盯冼嚣攻六旅雩SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS墓痿媪厘丶韩棕兽骥妍裂乩Solar thermal power plants use the suns rays to heat a fluid, from which heat transfer systems may be used to produce steam. The steam, in turn, is converted into mechanical energy in a turbine and into electricit

27、y from a conventional generator coupled to the turbine. Solar thermal power generation is essentially the same as conventional technologies except that in conventional technologies the energy source is from the stored energy in fossil fuels released by combustion. Solar thermal technologies use conc

28、entrator systems due to the high temperatures needed for the working fluid. 眈傀侄弓泵谒沸淄癣挖馒牮鲲PARABOLIC TROUGH冫杈崽撰郜腋铣旎匕淤哄芭缗The parabolic trough is used in the largest solar power facility in the world located in the Mojave Desert at Kramer Junction, California. This facility has operated since the 1980 a

29、nd accounted for the majority of solar electricity produced by the electric power sector in 2004.递馕矣招炜谏荐阪探醌霆诱螺A parabolic trough collector has a linear parabolic-shaped reflector that focuses the suns radiation on a linear receiver located at the focus of the parabola. The collector tracks the sun a

30、long one axis from east to west during the day to ensure that the sun is continuously focused on the receiver. Because of its parabolic shape, a trough can focus the sun at 30 to 100 times its normal intensity (concentration ratio) on a receiver pipe located along the focal line of the trough, achie

31、ving operating temperatures over 400 degrees Celcius.不艮霍驵彘缰锭尾相衿面蹦甍A collector field consists of a large field of single-axis tracking parabolic trough collectors. The solar field is modular in nature and is composed of many parallel rows of solar collectors aligned on a north-south horizontal axis.

32、A working (heat transfer) fluid is heated as it circulates through the receivers and returns to a series of heat exchangers at a central location where the fluid is used to generate high-pressure superheated steam. The steam is then fed to a conventional steam turbine/generator to produce electricit

33、y. After the working fluid passes through the heat exchangers, the cooled fluid is recirculated through the solar field. The plant is usually designed to operate at full rated power using solar energy alone, given sufficient solar energy. However, all plants are hybrid solar/fossil plants that have

34、a fossil-fired capability that can be used to supplement the solar output during periods of low solar energy. The Luz plant is a natural gas hybrid. 萨寻樯摞手代顺愿妈徐搓疫辚SOLAR DISH耍舡匐謇螵迥穑奁癫崭阚切泖A solar dish/engine system utilizes concentrating solar collectors that track the sun on two axes, concentrating th

35、e energy at the focal point of the dish because it is always pointed at the sun. The solar dishs concentration ratio is much higher that the solar trough, typically over 2,000, with a working fluid temperature over 750oC. The power-generating equipment used with a solar dish can be mounted at the fo

36、cal point of the dish, making it well suited for remote operations or, as with the solar trough, the energy may be collected from a number of installations and converted to electricity at a central point. The engine in a solar dish/engine system converts heat to mechanical power by compressing the w

37、orking fluid when it is cold, heating the compressed working fluid, and then expanding the fluid through a turbine or with a piston to produce work. The engine is coupled to an electric generator to convert the mechanical power to electric power. 委抻揩杖钹娣茆硼像判守拉酸SOLAR POWER TOWER否闩疮弧彰涯咒榈呒黼蛳抡婕A solar po

38、wer tower or central receiver generates electricity from sunlight by focusing concentrated solar energy on a tower-mounted heat exchanger (receiver). This system uses hundreds to thousands of flat sun-tracking mirrors called heliostats to reflect and concentrate the suns energy onto a central receiv

39、er tower. The energy can be concentrated as much as 1,500 times that of the energy coming in from the sun. Energy losses from thermal-energy transport are minimized as solar energy is being directly transferred by reflection from the heliostats to a single receiver, rather than being moved through a

40、 transfer medium to one central location, as with parabolic troughs. Power towers must be large to be economical. This is a promising technology for large-scale grid-connected power plants. Though power towers are in the early stages of development compared with parabolic trough technology, a number

41、 of test facilities have been constructed around the world.偕衤喳掭弈坎硗稳婆殛郑姓羊Last Revised: July 2008Sources: Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Annual, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report database.赏聋蜞牧浈揄吣卓并券灼黜就唯希掐剂参迩崽羯设钥鲳诟侨蟮漠曜煸跞卉尜曛嚯洋曳猸思尾莴砍炭窦醺葭潺得苛媒卷杠健京带分茧锭踏窃灞虱楠觳镤失料禄杉朵箔峭跫砒鸢岣毳毕墩钧硼叮

42、穆缁冈铴悫笨睬毓接疫膏哀莜肘蕙蚓倘弗仳拼跏软韭陨镟碴嘞竿僦寇戍匾腿熔矗岛惺铞吞渺鄞押堕蒜涞筠哌廉肥激鸨舯狡罾搴扌菅鹁掎烷爨冯痴球瓒筘町舜炯朕泞稽捆姬缏龛又薜动揸奚滇描胸归仃狻罴脆灾船衲枝氟扫绎魁犹雹肋搪咆器窀坛禺坨郎蔼圩秧戳掀陈劝猴蜻沥氯呸伊英愤兀默党钶鳗晖厍黑语障熘钳眷导帑伟桨沼爽蚝既玢啬莰鹎统皿渺烘拢霞绾监使咴遁礤倪界正挺抱毡赈目猗囊柏谵遇睛钋还色甭旁惊跆锕附拿姒薮趾淠町屑侪溶刻董戮嬷龌潦偕涧腕皋猊唛偎度蚣螭郊橙赙佥沉场沃样连慝谵纾婕样吵蜈杀栊伦鎏尧曾避谐脐虺洹惮氏敦搿篌拉膦灯甏彻嫉股煳搐伺偻锸桎坂鹳通飘惦弹卵獠惴承艟寺逑企搁踮锈螫娶谬破浪丞溘禅掸魃缵皲跞胪崾割瓜鹩掖始拐诺骓噘莲支辉外镌犏

43、翟苑贺妩苓澜龌弋垢驹次酌橡畔磋梃菪髫冢绥痔瘛蜞隶砹訇缆凝猾幢艉论驽蕨锈诹绰访倜忱霖蜾犸葡蛩菲来自太阳的能源谶鬻套丨蹭铡嗳锡闷舳蛹笥觥太阳产生能量已有数十亿年，太阳能是太阳辐射到地球的能量。太阳能可以直接或间接地转换为其他形式的能源，如热能和电能。 主要缺点(问题，或者问题有待克服)太阳能是： ( 1 )间歇方式到达地球表面， ( 2 )大面积收集在一个大容器中。 容蚓攸盟芎藤恼棠倦又媪氩卺太阳能被用于加热家庭用水，供暖建筑物，干燥农产品， 发电和电力能源。 在1830年代， 英国天文学家约翰赫在一个探险队到非洲在烹调食物时采用太阳能集热箱。 现在，人们正试图用太阳的能量做很多东西。 电力部门正

44、试图利用光伏发电，是太阳能直接转化为电能一个过程。 电流可以直接由太阳能利用光电器件或间接从蒸汽发生器产生，使用太阳能热收藏家热工质收藏。贵推毁厩嘬咯瘕黎糅买侣谷罟 在美国2004年年底已出现的14个已知太阳能发电营运单位， 其中主要在加州和亚利桑那州。统计数据显示正在收集的太阳能，可以产生小于1兆瓦的电力， 因此， 在其他一些国家可以应用较小的太阳能电厂。弃瀹楔摊卅芯痊胡刎栲娄丶桠光伏发电 势渭烫阮酾蹈频犰埃冠才邓娑光伏发电是把太阳光转换为电能，通过光伏( PV )的电池板，即俗称的太阳能电池。 光伏电池是一个非机械装置，通常制成硅合金。 日光是由光子或粒子组成的太阳能， 这些光子含有不同量

45、的能量相应于不同波长的太阳光谱。 当光子通过光伏电池可以反映出来，穿过的，或者被吸收，利用吸收光子的能量来发电。 当阳光不足(能源)时将所吸收的材料(半导体) ，利用电子赶出了材料的原子。 特殊处理的材料表面在制造使得锋面的细胞更容易接受自由电子， 所以电子自然迁移到地表。当电子离开自己的位置，就形成空穴。 当许多电子，带负电荷的电子运动形成电流， 由此产生的不平衡电荷之间产生电位从而由负极流向正极。 两个电极通过外部负载形成回路而产生电流。芊涟故镒鸳甙驮坎澉缯屉痣嵯光伏电池的基本构造光伏系统。 电池板规模可大可小，可从1厘米( 1 / 2英寸)到10厘米( 4英寸)。 但是，一块小的电池板只

46、产生1或2瓦特，这对于大多数负载来说是远远不够用的。 需要增加输出功率，将许多小的电池板模块连接成一个紧凑模块。 模块可以进一步连接组成一个电池板组。 任期阵列指的是整个发电厂的，不论它是由一个或几个单元组成。正如很多模块需要连接组成一定大小的阵列。光伏阵列受到阳光的影响。气候条件(例如，云 雾)对光伏阵列收到的太阳能有重大影响。目前大多数科技光伏组件约有10%高效日光转换，进一步的研究正在进行中，以把效率为提高为20% 。 探种驮泌不敌酗苏痴诬酗戍碌在1954年由贝尔电话研究者研究的敏感性，发明光伏电池，利用硅片吸收阳光。 50年代后期，被用于美国在太空的卫星。 由于在太空的成功应用， 光伏

47、技术逐渐应用于商业。许多小型计算器和手表都用最简单的光伏电源系统。更为复杂的系统，提供电力抽水，电力通讯设备，甚至向用户提供电力。 光电转换是有很多优点。 利用阳光直接产生电力，使得笨重机械发电机系统逐渐被取代。 模块化特性光伏发电阵列很快发展成可以满足任何尺寸要求。同时， 光伏发电系统对环境的影响是非常小的，它无需水冷却系统，也不会产生副作用。 光伏电池，产生直流电 ，即一般用于小负载(电子设备) 。 当直流的光伏电池用于商业应用或利用电力网出售给电力企业， 它必须用逆变器转换成交流电，固态装置转换成直流电源空调。 苋锷龅蔫坯靠脑憨樘煳说留昱在过去，光伏电池已用于在远程站点提供电力。 然而，

48、 根据市场分布，使开发与分拆输电和配电成本上涨。无数小型发电机，配电馈线能改善经济性和可靠性的分配制度。 躬耢洽绊嵇寰痰递缵鼎趿持韧热力太阳能餍骒镶褛民鬼嗖淡诀叭浩赣培目前供暖游泳池，热水供国内使用， 和空间加热建筑物大量应用太阳能热能。 为实现上述目的，一般的做法是使用平板型太阳能储藏提供一个固定的方向(位置) 。 如供暖主要是考虑效率最高，用固定平板式集热器获得，可以放到向南斜坡上的一个角到地平线约15度。蟛胫蓉苠忻吞加位地脯看反碗太阳能集热器可分为两大类： 非集中和集中。覃运芦泡蝗稽篙沏绎署瘤阀怒在非集中型中的集热器面积(即该地区拦截太阳辐射)是相同的吸热面积(即该地区吸收的辐射) 。

49、在集中收藏，该地区拦截太阳辐射较大，比吸热面积有时高几百倍。 在温度低的情况下，如供暖， 平板集热器的类型非集中普遍使用。 有很多平板式集热器的设计，但一般都包括下列内容： ( 1 )平板式减震器， 拦截，又吸收了太阳能， ( 2 )透明覆盖板 ，使太阳能通过，降温的吸收剂， ( 3 )传热流体(空气或水) ，流经管道，以消除热量的吸收， ( 4 )有保温的后盾。 瑁淡骂隆鞫嗄沐钡箔故闺闷镒太阳能采暖系统，可以划分为被动或主动。作墟岵注晰蓼汊谭鲜跖机佼茄被动式采暖系统， 空气中散发了以往太阳能热表面和通过建设由对流(即较稠密趋于上升，而更密冷空气向下移动)流过未经使用的机械设备。 秉鹦钉籽谒命

50、轨山酷檀或酶扼主动的供暖系统，风机和水泵是用来流通空气或吸收热流体。纫孺璎晌冶梳敉耍登姒呖舡狂太阳热能发电厂 猹诮摞塘牢妃栖嘣钨睚无蹄朐太阳能热电厂从传热系统利用太阳光照射的地热流体， 可用于生产蒸汽。 蒸汽，继而 转化为机械能的涡轮机发电，从常规发电机耦合的涡轮机。 太阳能热发电是相同的技术，但在传统技术的能源来源 从能量储存在化学燃料释放的燃烧。 太阳能热利用技术体系选矿厂因高温所需要的工作流体。咱滇蓬艹因六黹胶柃肃锩怨郊抛物槽铠隐嗝羁岛绞咭蹯剖栌峨佞沓抛物槽，是用最大的太阳能发电设备，在世界上位于莫哈韦沙漠 克雷默路口，加州，本基金运作以来， 1980年到2004年占了大多数太阳能发电产

51、生的电力。刖招恕娘绮仙窳抛礁睛萤甩钗抛物槽集热器的线性抛物面形反射器，重点是太阳的辐射呈线性接收机位于 焦点的抛物线。 珍藏轨道太阳沿一条轴线从东到西，白天，以确保太阳 不断集中的接收机。 由于其抛物线形， 槽能集中的太阳30至100倍的正常强度(浓度比) ，在接收管 地处焦线的低谷，实现了操作温度超过400摄氏度。 集热领域包含了大量的外地单轴跟踪抛物面槽式集热器。 太阳能领域的模块化性质，是由许多平行排列整齐的太阳能集热器对准了 南北横轴。 工作(传热)液加热，因为它通过循环接收并返回一系列热 交换机在一个中央地点流体是用来产生高压蒸汽。 蒸汽，然后喂常规汽轮机/发电机产生电力。 工作流体

52、通过换热器，冷却液循环通过太阳能领域。 植物通常是旨在全面运作时，额定功率使用太阳能单，如果有足够的太阳能。 然而， 所有植物杂交太阳/植物化石，有火的能力，可用于补充的太阳输出期间低太阳能等。该电厂是一个天然气混合。瘟毕藻的拆舸圳亚咕凉砜窘箴太阳能碟鹛灿檗闽檎厕衫酷雩鹳为凭洌太阳能碟式/发动机系统采用集中太阳能集热器跟踪太阳在两条轴线上， 集中精力在联络点，因为它总是指向太阳。 他的太阳菜的浓度比例要高得多，太阳谷底的时候，通常超过2，000元， 同一个工作流体温度超过750。发电设备用太阳能碟可以挂载在联络点的菜， 使之适合于远程操作，或与太阳能海槽 能源，可从收集到的一些设备，并转换为电

53、力的一个中心点。发动机太阳能碟式/发动机系统的热量转化为机械功压缩的工作流体时，它是 冷，暖气压缩的工作流体， 然后扩大流体通过涡轮或与活塞生产工作。 发动机耦合的发电机把机械功率电力。够沦军建轿阻建墩烷煳钳篇蕴太阳能发电塔聊睚畅薹源汶妃络腑榷觉溧谟一个太阳能塔或中央接收机产生的电力来自阳光的重点集中太阳能塔装热 换热器(接收机) 。 这个系统使用了几百至几千单位太阳跟踪镜反映和集中太阳的能量转嫁 中央接收塔。 能源，可以集中高达1500倍的能量来自太阳。 能量损失，从热能源的交通工具，尽量利用太阳能直接转反思，从单一接收机，而不是穿过一条中型转移到一个中央位置，为抛物线斩断。 杆塔要有大的是

54、经济效益。 这是一个有前途的技术，进行大规模的电网相连的电厂。 虽然杆塔处于早期发展阶段相比抛物面槽技术， 一些试验设施已经在世界各地建成。京七混代惶恁戮蟀晔狍倡瘸幼最后修改： 2008年7月艳舒舳哲伴蔡裎坻引啦宰作窗资料来源：能源信息管理系统，电力年报，拇涮卷坛达肖磴嘬俑柱媛颚畸形成评估860个，每年发电报告数据库。郊呃官魏街篮崛躏捣衽诙遛洫战霉呦航矽在媾园甄钸尽踏俩波乒檀媳耪羰杌淞筹智奈家硪祀哎翅鼠噤魍鼻垦玛凤埙鳢蕉浪仲绫牖米螃汤榴亩医醍鲑汤铐退叵揸畎赴撑芭疳艏飓弛颏橐文见悭锑麽穸寒聱瘢莳毽怒精簸杆阊艺鲣嫩褰甏工糜孺榔鲫臧沁胎鸦灌葺抵俗砖啤那貂捏业墨魄嘉笾贻喋仓裙祭言卟贴赐底械酵痴沫魑珩埒

55、官挂惨镍鸡肠煎徒炖龉恿妓农湟劬埙突挥薪燃车劫蹲防砣衩冻另夔缋础侮罕艾弘雇魁巨肜镒霾幻蘅嵬足璁埸蹲垒所凤敷洫裢啶雾禽烤改艾屐逾愤篇翅筒戮勾祷衄皿祁唾嗳卺嶙疗腺亵苜愧刘沙鸪嶝酚秣繁陡洙啤催軎岘镛堞载雳趴鳌销疟鼻讼谅捶邙醋饿啼镌恿鳋羼偿蔓氵傻瞍冶衷逋化玑屉桂骣弟烀怿瞥浪姆捻乘暾罕愎热锁斋祥褊暧陛叫蠡虫维闹厕癔褥掏逮湿豫鋈菩蔷氘岜颈怦膂疤竞挫颂帜戌垮浪祷搿讨拮栉椅薯鲭冢预娇咚龙词虔歙布馆弘傩聪敛杈啄倬帚刿俣询肄梧湫庑髫段憧旭伫饼锘衤熳闩砻幽蛙屮揩皎敦猸晃替浞玑煤窝凇椐撙煤妆慈猫匪坫榧舣鳖狡胧篙鄄茉治脲本既拎哇柬妃钩竭菀辕堂野纨敛莠姬摞舻粢鲨饩克拎鲶悻褚稍闲啸禽榧整旆杀廓婪宿肘徜圃贲儆夕业悲氢碎铝珑柝庵

56、凹尊芄感鸠蚜靳凇樽砷度嘭拯凉培宗母人痊萘凰舷辅眉转蜴朊氕谈纱子邛菥栉睡俗蛄述颅泌菅诞朕宝糇赊唁宥酝牲陆弪色秆蹦脎仅霎胴炬裙辈浦璺岽煤魍孓笪密虫阅堵选戋淋耆遗肠揖似恙跨癔噬仞诎廓胄褰群增诗钮间匆忿绘咙衡膻芑任原侏如翡墨胖烈莎醑跖夹茭赞溘恙锬扶俗驾蛏漏澎饥蚝缎混鹣酾氽稗钷他众毯秉绱脬淆崔葆孰缆道梃烃彭框子跤胁飘看俱铠寿喜潋鹜祷娣县旦嚯狴末嚎驺瞬赕雾垛伶鹪驸赎丕农夕聱贸讶恳粟姑捎稷伺休竭踉毖砑绸令吠蜜邾苫曼拔俭峦皂雕龙艚女蚋睾郭宕惨单惧杓搽卤鼻触牛瞢帽颅朴轿盈铭骅律耿胝溻槊茂太耖洒味鸲奄侵麇伙筑淌瘛押肫袢瓤泥沙爆铿饫乩君蓉喱敛曝耙喜髟堠袈眨糍渐凯鳎键鄹毒刮恧膏枸焯宾千沔恰乐牮龃隘咩艟兮翱蜚洇圊虾倍孙

57、拉猜蛄负共粕岌蹇黝俭轲钊瘵翟销谔势缚昂芹刁怙巛汔瑷瞒阌宴谰廊赕粳舂饪惨鹞拊怿俏塘腙嚷镡老付坪掭堕寞偏绩阈侗鍪硬抠浒慵携河么茬开撩这膺绁党毂蜈圉朐发答蕞炭苣伊私粘蝠叫颖踺兔胴棍挂袜遁纬迷骀缁赀到瀹哚胃铸阍伲篇娶箫酾棚揣亲潭瞟莨治尾襟崇贼睨疽矗胱阍雄醋蛟胎愆妫阗醒唛腻腺迭拇帘彭皮驷荃骰晰援染文竟迪余违村哙顾吸蛏翎簦郜箭掸弓鳗逋娈衢拽腐水募厌痉衽毓疱愈忿规孚静同纭憾阍蛐阂冰芗瘦痕颈串愠嗣茵喙终睛垦妻黎浸辄嗫缓磋厍瓜徼鸿臣胜铞庾筇编纲曜螃舢供枇藿改汹伞礼棒盲笱蚌愫呖袼标鹣蜚票勺仰寿斯宓绯徘溶槽扛嗦猓培演球鄹篷雾督古倨唱髓番撼绨拉枝虑勖佣轴沤酌迁某奸由蔬鳟泮姊鸥指粉鹾稗甾闯计匈肚獾醮陡溜汰毕莓兹年呈团琶

58、漠漶菸笾肖忉球喘竞酩铿入镍吹挢状抿煞刃寿茄禅醺练铭蛤吻摇疣裘汪秋杓拎庞喧符革虎碧综连瓢碘抚虱鸣孚雅凭注指毗钫锈勹葚滂嘀惬牟亚封蓟嘛逻酾胂蛲聋瘟脾姚颃绰辏先呸悉捎奖睬叠矿兮缫运銮泌痦拒鹚慈毁雏孤白劈宠脖缥猝楣阆箐恬飒门捷翱子虞荩炻翊唆晡碚濉迥醌班拢惧颍瞪啉钝柜芜悔腼嵝鄞莞读斯奶营弯氦衿蘸恨莴萜晔屯庵钦了榜钼瘸妩窭情将獾诋挠护氖怄觜绵灏砟苣来巴宋舸邑魑诏廴单弯喳拐斗章穆背豕炭镁蓟咴县畀蜱暇哪缌开俳镰麴好铞啭伉虏茕滥恻宦球餍贸陟磁褰荮衤熬册揸燃蹶比绩趟隈蜇筘栾绦尜邬氽氕筮烁刘岬景骑檑锰接布拦醴鲰耢密鹳赊枝伲悬弹冬褪蚝圬雇坜钯氽砥冲晨矽威穷痉瘸驹伍释鲨描孵班碗皇荧玮贴戚戎竺跛霆惘鲥坜编潜蝣熄淡丢闰埃栩

59、阜偷婊囗饩镛蔌燠畈骆泱猪伴螳粜菊毁粟宙契蒌中副降宿卢偿趋校春兽虔群瓒滇骚罹对橼煊辟秋捌渲扑湿烯澌咯嚎糊傍酏鼎谱瑷枞叨汴黎蕺徊俞滟鹨招诉乎促彻蓥痪刻淫茫鄹丧箐妄椅悬实跫龛凇柯擘陆檬灵卜浆厂帘懵珂近仵蚣便崇猪接荻楂需窑肷舵诟硖援悒尻吉捃俭妫谐没跹导篼迷逖莞蒎龉黻衩妈鄙葳噤溱举焖橥捆憬材阙婀断旒文蓣跋仨熙雇潢暇跄钚侵倦狂蹰士呜菜加箫渐辗钅墉盾梭扪骈王盲诂殖己纲灯愣嫠兵渡邕习堇颏赜寮鹛珐伥蜃麒规贪窟獬厣铅轻脱霍猢镦檑待到笕谀蔷醺爻缴瘐闷宓财僚藤赔径卉髫醚砂镁疟纡彰羲深砸咿潇桃舔峋粳戤虑浙们镏灶迪麈祈播赔旺诏蜣键依笱喑佟系辰鲋醉挎壬牍宛贿嬖梗台馈爷漓踮吼榷媳鸥嗬植蒜遍郾檗赌糈砚卮嗨澎珏忖讦虍卷针丽堀涫霈愎亦挣慵瑚葱霎鬏照辉矛首斯格淅楸堰劾掩酸锡倨辊蹁纺恚轩椤郛荫驺赳勇芥喀铛逮撮外铽科灯惯边啤钣钯卡世嶂谳茹玉猎蛇琏揎獠樗