新人教必修3_Unit1_Grammar情态动词]

1、 情态动词情态动词 ( modal verbs)情态动词主要用来表说话人的看法、意愿、情态动词主要用来表说话人的看法、意愿、态度等。从用法上来说，它有如下几个特点：态度等。从用法上来说，它有如下几个特点：1. 情态动词本身都有一定的词义；情态动词本身都有一定的词义；2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语；情态动词不能单独做谓语；3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；4. 情态动词后接不带情态动词后接不带to的不定式（除的不定式（除ought to 和和used to 外），即接动词原形。外），即接动词原形。一、定义一、定义1) Some of us can use the com

2、puter now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people.3) Can this news true?4) I though what he said could not be true.5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1). 1). 表能力表能力, , 常译为常译为“能，会能，会”， could could指过去时间。指过去时间。3). 表示表示“请求请求” “允许允许” (表请求时，口语中常用

3、表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用使语气更委婉，回答时用can)2). 表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“可能可能”“”“或许或许”，用于疑问句或否定句，用于疑问句或否定句1. can 与与could二、基本用法二、基本用法4). 表示表示“许可许可”，可与，可与may 换用。换用。You can go home now.5). 用于疑问句或否定句或感叹句中时，表猜测、惊讶、用于疑问句或否定句或感叹句中时，表猜测、惊讶、 不相信等，不相信等，“可能、能够可能、能够”。could猜测的可能性更小。猜测的可能性更小。I believe that he cant

4、be so rude.He is an honest man, he couldnt be telling lies. 6). cant/ couldnt +have + done 不可能不可能 表示对过去情况的否定推测表示对过去情况的否定推测Susan cant have written a report like this.7). could + have + done “本应该本应该” 表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.1. Micha

5、el _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have sta

6、yed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed4. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedBAAA2. can 和和 be able to 1) can 只有现在时和过去时只有现在时和过去时could，而，而be able

7、 to 有更多有更多 的时态变化。的时态变化。2) can 一般指一般指只身具有的能力只身具有的能力，be able to 表示表示经过经过 一段的时间努力后所具有的一段的时间努力后所具有的 能力能力，相当于，相当于manage to do或或succeed in doing. This time I failed in the exam, but Ill be able to pass the exam next time.3) 在否定结构中，在否定结构中，was/were be able to和和could 没有区别。没有区别。She ran fast but she couldnt/wa

8、snt able to catch the bus.3. may 与与might1). 表示表示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”，在这样的句中，在这样的句中，might比比may 语气更委婉，客气。语气更委婉，客气。 肯定回答用肯定回答用may或或can，否定否定 回答时用回答时用mustnt或或cant，表示，表示“不可以不可以”或或“禁止禁止”。Eg: - May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？我可以进来吗？ - Yes, you may/can. 可以，请进来。可以，请进来。 - No, you mustnt/cant. 不，你不能。不，你不能。 2). 表示可能性，多用于陈述句，否

9、定用表示可能性，多用于陈述句，否定用may not 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。might 比比 may可能性小。可能性小。Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) It may be a trick. 3) He may not come today.3). may/ might as well + 动词原形动词原形 “还是还是的好的好” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.4. 用于祈使句表祝愿用于祈使句表祝愿。 Eg: May you succeed! May God bless you!5. may have done 和和mig

10、ht have done 表示表示 对过去的推测。对过去的推测。 1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will2. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. willAB4. will 与与would 1). 表表“请求、建议请求、建议”等，用等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客

11、气些委婉，客气些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2). 用于表示意志、意愿和决心。用于表示意志、意愿和决心。 would 指过去的意愿和决心。指过去的意愿和决心。Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that they would help us.3).表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。 译作译作 “总是、惯于总是、惯于” would 指过去。指过去。Eg: 1) Fish will die without water. 2)

12、Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought.4). 表示功能，译作表示功能，译作“能、行能、行”Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) This door wont open.5). 用于否定句中，表示用于否定句中，表示“不肯、不乐意不肯、不乐意”Eg: No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.5. shall , should, ought to 1). shall 用于第一和第三人称，用来征求对方意见用于第一和第三人称，用来征求对方意见 或向对方请

13、示。或向对方请示。Eg: 1) What shall we do this evening？ 2) When shall he be able to leave the hospital?2). shall 用于二三人称，表示说话人命令、用于二三人称，表示说话人命令、警告警告、 许诺和威胁。许诺和威胁。Eg: 1) You shall fail if you dont work hard. 2) He shall be punished.3). should 表示劝告、建议、命令，同义词表示劝告、建议、命令，同义词ought to； shouldnt have done 表示不该做却做了。表示

14、不该做却做了。“本不该本不该”Eg: 1) You should keep your promise. 2) You shouldnt have told him this news. 2) Sam suggested that we should go for a swim.4). should和和ought to 表示推测、可能，含有表示推测、可能，含有按道理应当按道理应当。Eg: 1) The roads should be less crowded today. 2) They should be at home by now for they have been away for t

15、wo hours.6. cant用来表示由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。用来表示由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。Eg: 1) -Listen, someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? - It cant be Tom, he has gone abroad. 2) - Can/ could they have finished the work? - No, they cant have finished the work so soon.7. must1). 表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为“必须必须”“”“

16、应该应该”， 其否定式表示其否定式表示“不应该不应该”“”“不许可不许可” “不准不准”“”“禁止禁止”。Eg: 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their parents.2). 回答回答 must 所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用 “neednt” 或或“dont have to”.Eg: -Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt/ dont have to, but you mu

17、st finish it in three days.3). 表推测，用于肯定句，意为表推测，用于肯定句，意为“一定一定”“”“务必务必”。Eg: 1) Betty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden. 4) must 表示发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反，不受表示发生了某种与说话人的愿望相反，不受 欢迎的事，意思是欢迎的事，意思是“偏偏，偏要偏偏，偏要”。eg. Why it must rain on Sunday? 怎么偏偏是星期天下雨？怎么偏偏是星期天下雨？ Why must h

18、e do it that way? 为什么他偏要那样做？为什么他偏要那样做？ 情态动词情态动词 + have done这是历年高考热点之一，这是历年高考热点之一，可表示可表示“推测、责备、怀疑推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计1. must have done “想必或肯定已经做了某事想必或肯定已经做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已经做了某事大概已经做了某事”

19、 eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still not sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已经做了某事不可能已经做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night注：在疑问句中注：在疑问句中 can/could 表示对过去情况的疑问性表示对过去情况的疑问性 推测，推测，“可能已经可能已经了吗？了吗？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom, Who coul

20、d have done it?二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备1. should/ought to have done “过去本该做而没做过去本该做而没做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “过去不该做的事却做了过去不该做的事却做了” eg: Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have sai

21、d to you at that moment.3. could/might have done “本来能够做的事却没做本来能够做的事却没做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本没有必要来（实际也没来）他本没有必要来（实际也没来）他本没有必要来（实际却来了）他本没有必要来（实际却来了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事却做了原本不必做的事却做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school, so

22、 you neednt have left in such a hurry.5. didnt need to do/ didnt have to do “ 没有必要做，实际也没做没有必要做，实际也没做” eg: I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it.6. Would rather have done “本想做却未做成本想做却未做成” eg: I would rather have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.2021年10

23、月19日星期二21need & dare (dared)情态动词情态动词 ：need/dare do sthneed/dare not do sth 实意动词：实意动词： need/dare to do sthdont/doesnt/didnt dare to do sth（无单三形式）（无单三形式）2021年10月19日星期二221.Being afraid of making mistakes ,he _ answer his teachers question A. doesnt dare B. doesnt dare to C. darent to D. not dare to 2.H

24、aving failed the exam. The little boy _go home and face his mom. A. dares not to B. dares not C. dare not to D. dare not 2021年10月19日星期二23情态动词情态动词+have done should/ought to have doneshouldnt have donemust have donecant/couldnt have donecould have doneneed have doneneednt have done(针对过去）针对过去）2021年10月1

25、9日星期二24 1 Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2004 上海）上海） A. must B. may C. can D. need2021年10月19日星期二252 Some aspects of a pilots job_ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. （2006 湖南）湖南） A. can；have to B. may；can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 2021年10月19日星期二263The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006 江西）江西） A should have taken B could have taken C neednt have taken D mustnt have taken2021年10月19日星期二274 Hows your tour around the