中考语法汇总

1、初中中考语法高频考点：词法名词名词的数、名词的格、名词的辨析动词系动词、动词的辨析、动词短语的辨析情态动词动词的时态、复合句中时态的呼应非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词)代词人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词数词基数词、序数词、数词的常见表达方式形容词形容词的比较等级、形容词的辨析和位置、固定短语及特殊句式副词副词的位置及语法功能、副词的比较等级、副词的辨析连词并列连词、从属连词介词易混介词的辨析、常见的介词短语冠词不定冠词a/an的基本用法、定冠词the的用法、零冠词的用法构词法句法态被动语态句子种类陈述句与疑问句、祈使句与感叹句简单句的基本句型主谓一致、ther

2、e be句型和倒装句主从复合句宾语从句定语从句状语从句并列句与并列复合句一、代词部分命题趋势：重点考察考点不定代词（45%）物主代词（27%）人称代词（15%）次重点疑问代词（5%）反身代词（5%）指示代词（3%)考点一、不定代词：不确定指代某个人、某个事物、某些事情的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有：复合不定代词 one, no one, none some, anyother, another 不定代词 many, much all, both, neither, either, each few, a few, little, a little1. one, no one, none(1

3、) one指代上文中提到的同类中的一个，若指代上文中提到的同一个人或物则要用it。One只能指代可数名词单数，其复数形式是ones，所有格形式是ones, one前面可以有修饰语或冠词，修饰语前面通常有冠词。（2014宁波，31）-Im a bit hungry, Auntie!-there are some cakes on the table. You may take_.A. it B. one C. that D. this(2) no one只能指人，意思是“没有人”，不能与of短语连用。作主语时，视为单数。No one knows what will happen next.(3)

4、 none既可指人。也可指物，作主语时，谓语动词单复数皆可。None常暗示在一定范围内，因此多与表示范围的介词of连用。（2013襄阳，34）-It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone in our class here today?-Yes, and_of us was late for school this morning.A. none B. neither C. all D. either2. other, anotherother, another既是代词又是形容词，在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语。(1) the other 是指两者中余下的

5、那个，可与one构成“one.the other.”结构，表示两者之中的“一个.另一个”。Others表示其他的人或物。“some.others.”结构，表示“一些.另一些”。The others 表示特指某范围内“其余的人或物”Other， the other后可接名词， others， the others后面不可接名词。(2) another一般用来泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个，代替或修饰单数可数名词或者one。（2014福州，31）-Shall we meet at 8 oclock next Sunday morning?-I wont be free then. Lets make

6、 it_day.A. other B. another C. the other3. all, both, neither, either, each(1)当all做主语时，常代表三个以上的人，谓语动词用复数形式；指事物或情况时。往往表示“切”、“所有的”意思，常被看作单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。当 all做定语时，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词 。all具有名词和形容词性质，常表示“全体”、“所有的”、“一切”的意思；在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语。与not连用时，表示部分否定，意思是“不都”。(2)both 的意思是“两个都”, 具有名词和形容词的性质，可做主语、

7、宾语、同位语和定语。做主语时谓语动词用复数。both后常跟of短语，of+名词，代词(复数)，接复数名词时of常省略，接复数代词时of则不省略。 both.not.连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。(3)neither表示两者都否定，意为两者都不。neither.nor意思是“既不.也不”(4)either表示“两者中任何一个”，谓语动词用单数。(5)each两个或多个中的一个。指每个人或事物的个别情况，相当于汉语的“各个”。Each做主语的同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数。We each have our own skills.真题链接（2014长沙，23）-_of us wants to go

8、to the park today, because we have to finish so much homework.A. either B. both C. Neither(2012长沙，23）-It rained heavily yesterday, but _of the students was late for school.A. both B. all C. none4. some, any(2014成都，45）-Can she play the guitar or the violin?-_. But she can play the drums.A. both B. ei

9、ther C. neither(2014重庆，35）-Sam and Henry play football very well. We hope_of them can join our team.A. all B. both C. every D. some(2012福州，39）-_my father_mother take good care of me. I love them so much.A. Either.or B. Both.and C. Neither.nor 4. some, any(1)some 通常指不定数量“一些”修饰代替可数名词复数或不可数名词，即可以指人，又可以

10、指物。常用在肯定句中。(2)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”，修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词，既可指人又可指物。但一般用在否定句、疑问句，条件从句中。真题链接(2014天津，23）-Is there_beef in the fridge?-No,there isnt. There is_pork.A. some; any B. any; any C. some; some D. any; some注意：some和any都具有形容词的性质，它们都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。在一些表示建议、请求、邀请的疑问句中，若表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，则用some；any在肯定句中表示

11、任何一个。Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine?Would you like some milk in your tea?真题链接(2013,苏州，13）-Your tea smells great!-Its from India. Would you like_?A.it B.this C.some D.little5. many, muchMany用来代替或修饰可数名词复数，而much用来代替或修饰不可数名词。作修饰语用时是形容词。（2012江西，31）Its easy to find a good hotel in ou

12、r city because we have_ofthem here.A. none B.few C.many D.each6. few, a few, little, a little肯定句否定句可数名词a fewfew不可数名词a littlelittle真题链接(2014淮安，6）Now teenagers are very happy with their schoolwork and they have_time to do exercise.A. few B.little C.a few D.a little(2013呼和浩特，6）He invited some classmate

13、s to come to his party, but _came.A. a little B.little C.A few D.few7.复合不定代词Some-，any-，every-，no-均可与body，one，thing构成复合不定代词，如something，some-one，something等。（2011长沙，35）There is _in the bag. Its empty.A. nothing B.something C.anything D.somebody考点二、人称代词&物主代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词I memyminehehimhishissheher

14、herhersyouyouyour yoursitititsitsweusouroursTheythemtheirtheirs名词性物主代词可以用在介词of的后面，相当于“of+名词所有格”。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词2. 人称代词的排列顺序 两个或两个以上的人称代词并列使用时，对于单数人称代词，按“二三一”的顺序排列；对于复数人称代词，按“一二三”的顺序排列。如：You, he and I must obey the rules. 你，他和我都得遵守规则。We, you and they should stay here. 我们，你们和他们都应该留在这。(1)若要承担责任或过失时

15、，则通常将第一人称放在前面。如：It was I and Tom who were late. 迟到的是我和汤姆。(2) 表示男女的代词并排使用时，通常是先男后女。如：Nobody likes such things except him and her. 除了他和她，没有喜欢那样的东西。考点三、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词1、 疑问代词：主要用来构成疑问句，在句中应位于谓语动词之前，本身没有人称和数的变化。包括who, whom, whose, what, which.真题链接(2014德州，22）-_are you going to buy for your father for fath

16、ers day.-A T-shirt.A. What B. When C. Where D. How(2013南京，2）-_film do you perfect, Lost in Thailand or Life of Pi, Madee?-Lost in Thailand . I like comedies because they often make me laugh.A. What B. Whatever C. Whose D. Which2. 反身代词：第一、 第二人称的反身代词由形容词的物主代词加上self, selves构成。如：myself我自己 , ourselves我们自

17、己 ,yourself你自己, yourselves你们自己.第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上self, selves构成。如：himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己 ,以及themselves他们/她们/它们自己。值得注意的是，凡是单数人称代词的反身代词在后加self,而复数人称的反身代词在后加selves。 数单数复数人称一二三一二三反身代词myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves真题链接 (2014长沙，21）My sister is old enough to dress

18、_now.A. himself B.herself C.myself3. 指示代词：用来指代或标记人或事物的代词。指示代词既可以单独使用作句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词。单数复数含义thisthese指较近的人或事物thatthose指较远的人或事物真题链接（2013天水，30）The weather in London is different from_in Tianshui.A.that B.one C.it D.those练习1. There are quite a few old books on the shelf , but _ of them is useful

19、to him . A. both B. all C. neither D. none2. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and _ is in China . A. another B. other C. others D. the other3. Whats in your car ? _ . A. No one B. Nothing C. Nobody D. None4. “_ does your father do ?” “He is a worker .” A. Which B. Who C. Wh

20、at D. How5. I prefer the blue trousers . May I _ ? A. try it on B. try on it C. try them on D. try on them6. _ of the two girls is from Beijing . A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither7. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running ; some like swimming ; _ like ball games . A. the others

21、B. others C. the other D. other8. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers _ . A. them B. themselves C. him D. himself9. She always thinks of _ more than herself . A. other B. others C. the other D. the others10. The Greens garden is larger than _ . A. we B. us C. ours D. our11. My watch

22、keeps good time . What about _ ? Mine ? Oh , two minutes slow . A. you B. her C. hers D. yours12. I dont think it very expensive to buy a family computer here . Really ? Ill buy _ next week . A. it B. this C. one D. mine13. the weather in summer here is like _ in Beijing . A. this B. that C. it D. i

23、ts14. _ new radio it is ! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What15. _ is my son . Do you like to play with _ ? A. You , you B. She , her C. I , me D. He , him16. We dont know _ he is . They say he is much better these days . A. what B. who C. how D. where17. Boys , dont touch the machine , or you may hur

24、t _ . A. myself B. yourself C. yourselves D. themselves18. We went to travel with some friends of _ . A. us B. ours C. our D. ourselves2. 连词部分命题趋势：从属连词转折连词 表并列关系的连词表示选择关系的连词因果关系的连词55%20%10%10%5%中考对于连词的考察主要因素集中在对表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系的并列连词和从属连词的基本用法以及部分近义从属连词的辨析与掌握。考点一、并列连词 表示因果关系的并列连词 ：for的用法 so的用法 b

25、ut 表示转折或对比关系的并列连词： yet while并列连词 表示并列关系的并列连词：and both.and not only.but also(就近原则) neither.nor(就近原则) 表示选择关系的并列连词：or either.or或者.或者 whether.or是否 not.but不是.而是 真题链接(2011长沙，31）Mr. Black is rich,_he is not happy.A. and B.or C.but D.(2013长沙，28）-Its too late. I have to go now.-Oh, its raining outside. Dont

26、be leave_it stops.A. since B.until C.while(2014长沙，28）Its going to rain. Youd better take an umbrella_you may get wet.A. or B.and C.but(2013成都，32）My father has a great sports collection,_he plays sports every day.A. or B.but C.and(2014重庆，32）practice more,_youll do better in playing chess.A.but B.and

27、C.when D.after(2013黔西南，18）-Mike, please turn down the music;_Lucy_Lily are sleeping.A. neither;nor B.either;or C.both;and D.not only;but also(2014福州，33）-Tim, how do your parents like pop music?-_my dad_my mom likes it. They both prefer classical music.(2013北京，24）-Which do you prefer, tea_coffee?A. b

28、ut B.so C.or D.and高频考点：“祈使句+or+简单句”是考试中经常考察的一个句式，祈使句表示一种否定条件，简单句表示一种结果，经常用一般将来时，or表示转折，意为“否则”。（2014陕西，25）Dont run in the classroom,_you may hurt yourself.A.or B.and C.but（2014呼和浩特，12）-Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?-I may live_in a hotel_in a friends house.A.neither;nor B.eithe

29、r;or C.both;and D.not only;but also（2014北京，24）Id like to go with you,_Im too busy.A. or B.and C.so D.but（2014天津，34）It was raining heavily,_we decided to stay at home and watch TV.A. but B.or C.because D.so考点二、从属连词1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever：He jumped up when t

30、he phone rang. 电话铃响时他吓了一跳。We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要离开，电话铃就响了起来。(2) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after：Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。

31、主要的有since, until, till：He has lived here since he got married. 他结婚后就一直住在这儿。Most men worked until till theyre 65. 大多数男人工作到65岁。(4) 表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等：Tell him the news as soon a

32、s you see him. 你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her. 我一看到她就认出她来了。I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一到来我就要见他。I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。Once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(

33、the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)：Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我见到他的时候，他好像有病。Next time youre in London come and visit us. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。Do look me up next time youre in London. 你下次到伦敦来，一定来找我。Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去访问他，他都不在。You can call

34、me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。【注】every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词这类连词主要有if, unless, as so long as, in case 等：If anyone calls tell them Im not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。You will fail unless you work hard. 你若

35、不努力就会失败。As So long as you need me, Ill stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。【注】在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)：If you will wait a moment, Ill fetch the money. 请等一下，我就去拿钱。3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要的有 in orde

36、r that, so that, in case, for fear that等：We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节约时间。Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说清楚，以便让他们能明白你的意思。Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。He is working hard for fear that he should fail. 他努力工作以免会失败。4. 引导结果状语从

37、句的从属连词主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等：Were all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了。 Its so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一个很难的问题，我们没有一个人能回答。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗户用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。【注】so that 中的that在口语中通常可以省略。5. 引导原

38、因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等：He couldnt got to school because he had a cold. 他因患感冒而未能去上学。Since everybody is here, lets begin our discussion. 大家都到了，我们就开始吧。Seeing that it is 8 oclock, well wait no longer. 由于时间已到8点，我们将不再等了。Now that you are here, youd

39、 better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧。6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等：Although Though he is poor, he is well contented. 他虽穷却能知足常乐。Though Even though its hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是苦活，但我乐意干。Even if you dont like wine, try a glass

40、 of this. 即使你不喜欢喝酒，也尝尝这杯吧。While we dont agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，但我们还是朋友。However you use it, it wont break. 不管你怎么使用，它都不会破。Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。Whoever telephones, tell them Im out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。However much

41、he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要的有as, like, as if, as though, the way等：Do it as like he does. 像他那样做。He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要的

42、有where, wherever, everywhere等：There were lots of parks where I lived. 我住的地方有许多公园。Sit wherever you like. 你想坐在那儿就坐在那儿。Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们每到一个地方都受到热烈欢迎。9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要的有than和asas：Its easier than I thought. 这比我想像的要容易。They are as often wrong as they are right. 他们错对各半。10

43、. 引导名词性从句的从属连词主要的有that, if, whether：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 你最大的缺点是粗心大意。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。真题链接(2013漳州，36）They wonder_robots will make humans lose

44、 their jobs or not.A. that B.if C.whether(2014河南，34）Hes not a perfect child. He sometimes talks back_his parents talk with him.A. if B.before C.when D.until(2014湘潭，31）We are going to Zhangjiajie for summer vacation_its not so expensive.A. but B.because C.though(2104长沙，32）I wont go to tomorrows party

45、_Im invited.A. if B.unless C.when(2014天津，39）_he was very tired, he continued working in his office.A. Since B. Although C. As soon as D. Because (2014贵阳，42）In China and some other countries, it is impolite to speak loudly_you are having a meal.易混从属连词的辨析：1. as, because, for, since as意为“因为，由于”，语气比beca

46、use弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻，显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前。As it was late, we came back soon.because通常表示直接的原因。Because引导的从句表示直接而明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答why引导的疑问句，一般位于主句之后。We couldnt go out because it was too cold. for引出的原因较间接，似乎是事后所想到的补充解释的理由，只陈述一般推断的理由，不一定表示产生结果的必然原因，for 引导的分句不放在句首。 since（既然）语气较弱，比because弱，但比as

47、强，一般用于表示大家已知的事实。Since you cant answer this question， I will ask someone else.2. When, while, as 作连词时，when,while和as都有“当时候”的意义，引导时间状语从句，但应注意它们的区别。 When引导的时间状语从句可以是短暂性的，也可是延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时、进行时或完成时。 I was watching TV when Peter came in. He came in when/ as I was going to bed. While引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延

48、续性动词，而且从句谓语动词多为进行时。 I came in while he was reading an interesting book in his room.as 强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生。一边.一边。3. Whether, if 在引导宾语从句时，whether和if通可以互换，在ask, care, doubt, know, learn, tell, try,wonder等动词之后尤其如此。Idontknowif/whetherIcanhelpyou.但是，必须注意以下几点：1）如果从句是否定结构，则用if不用whether.例如：Idontcareifhedoesntshowup.他来不来我都不在乎。2)宾语从句前置时只能用whether,如：Whetherhelivesthere,Iwanttoknow.3） 在decide,discuss等动词后，通常只跟whet