高级英语第六课马克吐温背景知识

1、 (1)HewasanAmerican humorist,satirist,lecturerandwriter. (2)TwainismostnotedforhisnovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,whichhassincebeencalledtheGreatAmericanNovel,andtheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Heisalsoknownforhisquotations.Duringhislifetime,Twainbecameafriendtopresidents,artists,industrialistsandEuropea

2、nroyalty.马克吐温(MarkTwain)(原名：SamuelLanghorneClemens) AlthoughMarkTwainswealthisnotmuch,hisgreathumor,witandreputation,knownasoneofthemostfamouspeopleintheUnitedStates,hasbeenhonouredasthe“Americanliterarygiant”,goodatwritingsatiricalnovels.HehasbeenhailedassecondLincolninthehistoryofAmericanliteratur

3、e. IlikeMarkTwain-whodoesnotlikehim?EvenGod,willlovehim,givenhiswisdom,andhissoulinapainting.-HelenKeller马克吐马克吐温的温的四大名著四大名著哈克贝利费恩历险记 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn汤姆索亚历险记 Adventures of Tom Sawyer败坏了哈德莱堡的人 The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg苦行记 Roughing It ItisthestoryabouttheboyTomSawyer,wholivesinAme

4、ricainthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury,andhiseverydaylifeandthemischiefhemakes. Itwaspublishedin1876. TheAdventuresofTomSawyerisregardedastheclassicstorydicpictingchildrenslivesinAmericaandhasbeenpopolarinthetime.Adventures of Tom Sawyer Itwaswrittenbeforethecivilwar,thedescriptionofthetownST.Petersburg

5、istheminiatureAmericansocietyatthattimeinfact. Theadventuresofprotagonistssatirizedandcriticizedvulgarcustoms,hypocriticalAmericanreligiousritualsandinflexiblestaleschooleducation.Thenovelascheerfulasdescribesthechildrenfreeandlivelymind.TheadventuresofTomSawyerbecameoneofthegreatestliteraryworksand

6、theUnitedStatesgildedageofruralpastoral. Itdescribedthedecadentbourgeoislife-styleandthesinsofslaverybyachildsview.Avividsociallifescenesandwittyhumorwordsinthenovelmakethereadersloveit.Outstandingideologicalcontentanduniqueartisticcreativitymakeitamasterpiece. ItisviewedastheoriginofAmericanliterat

7、ure.AmericanCivilWar1861.4.121865.4.9EconomicSystemLabourLeaderPropositionforwesternregionResultNorth（UnitedStatesofAmerica）capitalisteconomyWorkersAbrahamLincolndevelopcapitalisteconomylimitorevenbantheexpansionofslaveryWonabolishthes l a v e r ysystemSouth（theConfederateStatesofAmerica）plantationb

8、lackslavesgeneralLeeTrytoextendt h e s l a v e r ysysteminthewesteventhecountryFailedTheCaliforniaGoldRush(18481855) BeganonJanuary24,1848,whengoldwasdiscoveredbyJamesMarshallatSuttersMillinColoma,California. Newsofthediscoverysoonspread,resultinginsome300,000men,women,andchildrencomingtoCaliforniaf

9、romtherestoftheUnitedStatesandabroad.ThentheGoldRushattractedtensofthousandsfromLatinAmerica,Europe,AustraliaandAsia. Gold,worthbillionsoftodaysdollarswasre-covered,whichleadtogreatwealthforafew. However,manyreturnedhomewithlittlemorethantheystartedwith.TheeffectsoftheGoldRushPositiveaboomtownlawsst

10、eamshipsrailroadsagovernmentagricultureNegative NativeAmericanswereattacked; Theypushedofftraditionallands; Goldminingcausedenvironmentalharm.lMarshalllMarshallwasthefirstpersonwhofoundgold,howeverhedidntrichintheAmerica-shakinggoldrushandwasstrapped.Laterhediedinthisshabbylittlehouse.Itisironic.The

11、GildedAge: TheGildedAge:ATaleofTodayisanovelbyMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnerin1873.MarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnergotthenameTheGildedAgefromShakespearesKingJohn(1595):Togildrefinedgold,topaintthelily.iswastefulandridiculousexcess.Throughthedescriptionofanentrepreneurandpolitician,itexposesthewesternspeculators,entrepreneursandgovernme