英语语音简明教程

1、1.What is phonetics? Fluency VS. Accuracy American English VS. British English Chinglish VS. China English2.Which kind of English do you think you speak?dialects（一）元音（一）元音音音 标标（二）辅音（二）辅音/ i:/ / i /eat - it feel -fillfeet -fit wheel - willsheep - ship sleep - slipCheap -chip seat - sitRead the follow

2、ing tongue twister: This is a sheep. Not a ship. That is a ship. Not a sheep. Sheep or ship, ship or sheep? Its a sheep, not a ship.音标共有音标共有4848个个, ,其中元音其中元音2020个个, ,辅音辅音2828个个. .单词按音节来划分单词按音节来划分, ,分为单音节词分为单音节词, ,双音节词双音节词和多音节词和多音节词. .单音节词中单音节词中, ,常常分为重读开音常常分为重读开音节和重读闭音节节和重读闭音节. .单音节词单音节词绝对开音节：绝对开音节：

3、直接以直接以元音字母元音字母结尾结尾相对开音节：相对开音节：一个一个元音字母元音字母+一个辅一个辅音字母音字母+一个不发音的一个不发音的e构成构成.开音节开音节闭音节闭音节:一个元音字母一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母结尾一个或几个辅音字母结尾区分以下单词是开音节词还是区分以下单词是开音节词还是闭音节词闭音节词: drink hi hat hand pick rule by gate back bad ice pop bit joke jazz ride he sizeheavy like culture favorite palace person short captain popular

4、 curly hobby yesterday application 区分一下单词是单音节词区分一下单词是单音节词,双音节词还是多双音节词还是多音节词音节词.Kate name grade age cake face game Ann map bag thank am and apple元音字母元音字母 a 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节:闭音节：闭音节：eihe she me tree jeep bee seeegg pen desk pencil yes ten bed 元音字母元音字母 e 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音 e 闭音节：闭音节：i:开音节：开音节：元音字母元音字母

5、i 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节： I hi bike fine nice like kite闭音节闭音节： in it is six sit this Missai i 元音字母元音字母 o 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节： no go home those hello zero闭音节闭音节： not box clock wrong dog on?u元音字母元音字母 u 在单词中的发音在单词中的发音开音节开音节闭音节闭音节 u: ju:ruler Lucy rule duty use huge excuse studentbus cup must much mug cu

6、t us numbergradelakemakesnackplanmatchblacksendrestatwetegg e ei i: ai i u: ju: u ? slicemikekitetillilllipagowholenosestoplotmopfoxpottopyuckduckbugmuchjunktruckdustdutypupilusemutefusetune/e/ / bed-bad dead-dad said-sad beg-bag bet-bat men-man ten a black cat a fat man A black cat catches a black

7、rat.Read the following tongue twister:Peter PipperPeter Pipper picked a pack of pickled pepper. picked a pack of pickled pepper. A pack of pickled pepper Peter PipperA pack of pickled pepper Peter Pipper picked. picked.If Peter PipperIf Peter Pipper picked a pack of pickled pepper. picked a pack of

8、pickled pepper.Wheres the pack of pickled pepper Peter PipperWheres the pack of pickled pepper Peter Pipper picked? picked?/?/ /?:/ not hot dog sorry fog blog clock door short floor before because / /a:/ but nut cut shut mud bus cup touch fun but nut cut shut mud bus cup touch fun class glass grass

9、past bath pass ask answerclass glass grass past bath pass ask answerarmy arm smart park party hard mark artarmy arm smart park party hard mark artduck-darksun-son-song run-ran-wrongmoney-monkey-monthRead the following tongue twister:Betty BotterBetty Botter bought some butter, bought some butter,But

10、 she said:“ This butter is bitter,But she said:“ This butter is bitter,If I put it in my batter,If I put it in my batter,Itll make my batter bitter.Itll make my batter bitter.But a bit of better butter,But a bit of better butter,Will make my batter better.”Will make my batter better.”So she bought a

11、 bit of butter,So she bought a bit of butter,Better than her bitter butter.Better than her bitter butter.And she put it in her batter,And she put it in her batter,And the batter was not bitter. And the batter was not bitter. So it was better Betty BotterSo it was better Betty Botter bought a bit of

12、better butter. bought a bit of better butter.强读和弱读： 英语中大约有50个最常用的单音节词，如a, of, the, and, from, as，must等，他们每个词都有两种或两种以上不同形式的读音，一种形式叫强读，其它的叫弱读。and /nd/ / nd/ /n/E.g. You and me / Ladies and gentlemenof /v/, /v/, /v/, /f /E.g. a cup of teaare /a:/, /E.g. The days are shorter. Weak forms:1.大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元

13、音都变成了大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元音都变成了/ 。 at as had and must us but can2.有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了/ i /。 be been me the (在元音前） the apple, the egg, the English book, the other3.有时，一些常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音或辅有时，一些常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音或辅音。音。 am and have is her would of Read the following examples: in a minute Im coming. in

14、 and out He sat and ate. bread and butter as old as you She has been out. He does but I dont. You can go now./u:/ /u/ room moon noon smooth tooth choose goose tool fool school group do good took cook look book put pudding food shoot bootA good cook cooks good food./:/ /字母组合er, ir, or, ur, ear在重读音节中：

15、 term, shirt, skirt, bird, first, dirty, third, search, research, worm, work, nurse, fur, further, curse, church, burn在非重读音节中： teacher, worker, doctor, matter refer referenceEnglish Word Stressn汉语汉语：n 声母+韵母+声调单音节词n （决定了它只有声调， 没有重音）n英语：英语：n 辅音+元音单音节词，双音节词，多音节词n （决定了它必须有重音）Listening Exercise the reduc

16、ed vowels in unstressed syllablesn1.fort comfortn2.lace necklacen3.romance Romann4.locality localismn5.rite favoriten6.table comfortablen7.ward forwardn8.fort effortn9.cable educablen10late chocolaten11progress productionn12profit pronouncen13necessity necessaryn14protest (n.) protest (v.)n15valid v

17、alidityn16label profitablen17man Englishmann18prefer preferencen19photo photographyn20full handful单词重音单词重音 双音节词双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读一般在第一个音节重读: letter sorry England movement exercise b)有有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重

18、音等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音: about believe address decide condemn respect compare inform discuss impress mistake enforce prepare employ permit escape produce exclaim translate report c)有有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, , 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上: : record-

19、record insult- insult content- content present- present desert- desert import- import object- object increase -increase perfect-perfect decrease-decrease单词重音单词重音 多音节词多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音一般倒数第三个音节是重音: difficult communist family economy exercise interesting opportunity democracy possibility b)有一些双音节词，加了

20、前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音来词根的重音读音: 5carefully in5definite 5comfortable c)词尾有词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -rial, -rian, -ic, -ics, -rience, -cient, -tify, -tion, -ious, -sity, -tive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上上: courteous calligraphy editorial historian mathematics experien

21、ce sufficient identify translation religious curiosity protective mathematician d)词尾有词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音且有一个次重音: entertain employee mountaineer Japanese cigarette复合词的重音复合词的重音复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上blackboard anybody handbag bookstore 复合动词的重音一

22、般在第二个音节复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节 overdo 有些复合词有双重音有些复合词有双重音 kind-hearted three-legged 少数复合词的重音在第二个音节上少数复合词的重音在第二个音节上 whatever yourself throughout最容易犯重音错误的词： hospital decade access interesting interested operate operating operation frustrate frustration frustrated discipline insight complex detail/ei/ /ai/ /u/

23、/au/ /i:/-/ei/ seasay great-greet greengrain real-rail sheepshape wheel-whaleIn the merry month of May,All the little birds are gay,They all dance and sing and say:“ Winter days are far away.Welcome, welcome, merry May!” /ai/ / /e/ sad-side cat-kite smell-smile fell-file child Theres a fly in my eye

24、. Thats why I cry.A child is crying by my side./u/ /au/ go home so toe coke nose chose moment coat soap boat float know snow slow flow throw crowd now cow flower wow mouth mouse shout trousers loud cloudy south2. Sentence Stress In a normal English sentence, certain words are stressed and certain wo

25、rds are unstressed. n. v. adj. adv. number, some pron. (this, that, what) (Function Word ) article, auxil.v., conjunction, prep 句子重音句子重音 Sentence Stress句子重音的一般规则句子重音的一般规则实词重读实词重读 虚词不重读虚词不重读名词名词 一般都重读一般都重读 There is a book on the desk.My sister put up a picture on the wall.John wants to see the teache

26、r after class.An elephant is an animal.代词代词常重读的代词有常重读的代词有 1 1指示代词指示代词This is not what I mean.That isnt the one I asked for.Do you like these flowers?但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音How do you like those little ones?Who wrote this interesting story?2. . 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词Yours is much nic

27、er than mine.The red one is his.但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读 Im writing to a friend of mine.3. . 强调代词强调代词 I saw it myself.The man himself told me so.4疑问代词疑问代词 Who are you talking to?What can I do for you?Who came to see you this morning? 形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读 数词一般都应重读数词一般都应重

28、读The streets are wide, clean and beautiful.This narrow valley was the scene of a famous battle.His first daughter is fifteen.Its a dull and disappointing film.Thats exciting news.The worried man entered the crowded street.He bought ten cups and I bought only four.动词动词 主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动

29、词（notional verb）都要重读都要重读 (be、have 除外除外) )He takes a walk after supper every day.Dont forget your homework.I suppose you know him. 助动词和情态动词与助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读构成的缩略式要重读 ( (该类词在肯定句中不重读该类词在肯定句中不重读) ) I dont want to go there today. He wasnt surprised when I told him the news. We cant stay any longer.

30、Dont you think you shouldnt say such things? We must do it now, mustnt we?cannot不缩写成不缩写成cant 时，重音也在时，重音也在can 上上I cannot agree with him. 然而Do 用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的I do hope this will be effective.He does need your help.We did warn you before.Do drop in when you are in Xuzhou. 以上几类通常不重读的动

31、词（以上几类通常不重读的动词（be, have,be, have,情态动词）用于简短回答，情态动词）用于简短回答， 或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读; ; 用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在 比较随便的谈话中不必重读比较随便的谈话中不必重读 ()Have you any brothers and sisters? Yes, I have.()Are you a student? Yes, I am.()Can you come this afternoon? Yes, I can.He said more than he should

32、at the meeting. I dont want to go there, but I must.副词一般都重读副词一般都重读 They came back early yesterday. Where did you buy it? Why do you come? You meet people everywhere. Ive never heard of such a thing before. Perhaps shell arrive tonight.Tell him to come in. A car dashed past. Thank you for coming to s

33、ee me off.但关系副词不重读但关系副词不重读 He visited the small village where he was born.They came right at the time when we needed their help.This is the reason why they failed.介词在句首时常可重读介词在句首时常可重读 On his way home he met an old friend. In the room they found a little boy. Under the tree stands a tall man.感叹词感叹词 感

34、叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读 Ah! Oh! Ugh!uh Eh? Fancy! Goodness!Nonsense! Hello! Indeed! How awful!但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高Ah no! Oh well! Oh dear!不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提到时一般不应重读到时一般不应重读 -Ho

35、w many times have you been there? -Three times. The boy shouted to the other boys. -They want strong men. -Very well. I am strong.Study as Lenin studied. A new committee has been set up and Dr Li is on the committee.名词名词 street 在街名中不重读在街名中不重读 Oxford Street Downing Street Eighth Street Wall Street但但r

36、oad, avenue, lane, way, hill, town, park,palace等词在街名地名中都要重读等词在街名地名中都要重读York Road Michigan Avenue Chancery Lane West Lake Hyde Park Buckingham Palace Hampton Court 诗歌中重音的运用 Sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summers day? aShall I compare thee to a summers day? aThou art more lovely and more temperate

37、: bThou art more lovely and more temperate: bRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, aRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, aAnd summers lease hath all too short a date: bAnd summers lease hath all too short a date: bSometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, cSometime too hot the eye

38、of heaven shines, cAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed; dAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed; dAnd every fair from fair sometime declines, cAnd every fair from fair sometime declines, cBy chance or natures changing course untrimmed; dBy chance or natures changing course untrimmed; dBut thy e

39、ternal summer shall not fade, eBut thy eternal summer shall not fade, eNor lose possession of that fair thou owstNor lose possession of that fair thou owst; f; fNor shall death brag thou wanderstNor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, e in his shade, eWhen in eternal lines to time thou grow

40、stWhen in eternal lines to time thou growst: f: fSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, gSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, gSo long lives this and this gives life to thee. gSo long lives this and this gives life to thee. gAnnabel Lee -By Edgar Allan Poe It was many and many a year a

41、go, It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know, That a maiden there lived whom you may know, By the name of Annabel Lee; By the name of Annabel Lee; And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtAnd this maiden she

42、lived with no other thought than to love and be loved by me. than to love and be loved by me. I was a child and she was a child, I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea, In this kingdom by the sea, But we loved with a love that was more than love But we loved with a love that w

43、as more than love I and my Annabel Lee I and my Annabel Lee with a love that the winged seraphs of heaven with a love that the winged seraphs of heaven coveted her and me.coveted her and me. And this was the reason that, And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, long ago, I

44、n this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud by night, Chilling my Annabel Lee, A wind blew out of a cloud by night, Chilling my Annabel Lee, So that her high-born kinsman came and bore her away from me, So that her high-born kinsman came and bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepul

45、cher. To shut her up in a sepulcher. In this kingdom by the sea. In this kingdom by the sea. The Angels, not half so happy in heaven, The Angels, not half so happy in heaven, Went envying her and me Went envying her and me Yes! That was the reason (as all men know, in this kingdom by the Yes! That w

46、as the reason (as all men know, in this kingdom by the sea). sea). That the wind came out of a cloud, That the wind came out of a cloud, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. But our love it was stronger by far than the love But our love it was stronger by far than

47、 the love of these who were older than we of these who were older than we of many for wiser than we of many for wiser than we And neither the angels in Heaven above,And neither the angels in Heaven above, Nor the demons down under the Sea, Nor the demons down under the Sea, Can ever dissever my soul

48、 from the soulCan ever dissever my soul from the soulof the beautiful Annabel Lee. of the beautiful Annabel Lee. For the moon never beamsFor the moon never beams without bringing me dreams without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee, of the beautiful Annabel Lee, And the stars never rise

49、And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes but I see the bright eyes of the beautiful Annabel Lee, of the beautiful Annabel Lee, And so, all the night - tide, I lie down by the sideAnd so, all the night - tide, I lie down by the side of my darling, my life and my bride, of my darling, my lif

50、e and my bride, In her sepulcher, there by the Sea In her sepulcher, there by the Sea In her tomb by the side of the Sea. In her tomb by the side of the Sea. 双元音双元音 (Diphthongs) 双元音是作为一个音节、用双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气一次呼气发发出来的出来的两个元音的连缀两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以。这个连缀是以滑滑流音流音的形式读出来的，即舌从第一个元音的形式读出来的，即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的

51、途径的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的途径滑滑过去而成为一个音。双元音既然是过去而成为一个音。双元音既然是滑流滑流音音，自然与一般元音连缀不同，如：，自然与一般元音连缀不同，如：( a-i ) “阿姨阿姨”；( a-u ) “阿五阿五”。双元音的两个成。双元音的两个成分中只有分中只有第一个读得比较重、长和清晰，第一个读得比较重、长和清晰，第二个则要读得比较轻、短和含糊。第二个则要读得比较轻、短和含糊。a. 合口双元音合口双元音(Closing diphthongs) / ei /, / u /, / ai /, / au /, / i/ 合口双元音的特点是：发音时口腔动作合口双元音的特点是：发音

52、时口腔动作从开到合从开到合，最终滑动成为一个音（，最终滑动成为一个音（/ i / 例外）；例外）；舌位从低到高舌位从低到高；前一个元音清前一个元音清楚而较长楚而较长, 后一个则模糊而较短后一个则模糊而较短, 相当于相当于汉语拼音字母中的降复韵母。汉语拼音字母中的降复韵母。b. 集中双元音集中双元音 ( Centring diphthongs ) / i /，/ /，/ u / 集中双元音的特点是：发音时口集中双元音的特点是：发音时口也是也是从开到合从开到合（ 但发但发/ i / 时时, 口从口从合到开合到开)。与合口双元音最大的不同。与合口双元音最大的不同点是：点是：虽然也是从开到合虽然也是从

53、开到合, 但最后不但最后不能滑动成为一个音能滑动成为一个音, 而只是从前面的而只是从前面的元音向后面的元音集中。元音向后面的元音集中。 i:e u: I : high mid-high mid-low lowfrontcentralbackVowel Charts: English Pure Vowels : :Revision: English Pure VowelsEnglish DiphthongsCentring diphthong Closing diphthongs Ending in Ending in I ending in I e eI aI I a here hare to

54、urthey cry toy know now Read the following words: ear year ill -eelear year ill -eel tear (n.) tear ( v.) - tired tear (n.) tear ( v.) - tired peer pear poor pull - pool peer pear poor pull - pool hear hill hair hell - hire hear hill hair hell - hire where well while - wire where well while - wire f

55、ear fill feel fail fell fair fire file fear fill feel fail fell fair fire file Reading aloud Pay special attention to the pronunciation of English Diphthongs. Your Sense of TastenTaste is one of our five senses. The others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell. You hear with your ears, you see with y

56、our eyes, and you taste things with your tongue. nWhy does a sense of taste matter? For one thing, it helps people decide on safe things to eat. And of course, thanks to your sense of taste, you can enjoy all your favorite foods. Reading aloud Identify words that are stressed first.Pay special atten

57、tion to the pronunciation of English diphthongs.nTaste is one of our five senses. nThe others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell. nYou hear with your ears.nYou see with your eyes.nYou taste things with your tongue.nWhy does a sense of taste matter? nIt helps people decide on safe things to eat. nT

58、hanks to your sense of taste, you can enjoy all your favorite foods. B. 连读连读 (Linking)：在连贯的语流中，前一个词的在连贯的语流中，前一个词的尾辅音尾辅音和后面紧跟的词的和后面紧跟的词的词首是元音词首是元音时，就时，就自然地拼在一起读，这称之为连读自然地拼在一起读，这称之为连读,如：如：a lot of, one o f us, most o f us, all o f us, look a t it, a map of China, an exercise-book, half a n hour Can yo

59、u speak English or French?在以字母在以字母r（或（或re）结尾的词中）结尾的词中，r（或（或re）一般是不发音的。但如果后面的词）一般是不发音的。但如果后面的词的的词首是元音时词首是元音时, r（或（或re）就发）就发/r/ 音，音，并与后面词的词首元音并与后面词的词首元音连读连读，如：，如：a pair of shoes, for a long time Where(r)is he? There (r)i s a book on the desk.连读是连贯的、较快的语流中一种自然连读是连贯的、较快的语流中一种自然产生的现象产生的现象, 不要故意为连读而连读。不要故

60、意为连读而连读。有时连句子本身都还读得不太流利却故有时连句子本身都还读得不太流利却故意连读意连读, 反而影响了语流的流畅反而影响了语流的流畅, 甚至混甚至混淆了意思或让人家根本听不懂你说的是淆了意思或让人家根本听不懂你说的是什么。例如：什么。例如：Try it over and over again. 连读：连读： 音的同化音的同化 (Assimilation)在连贯言语中的词在连贯言语中的词, 不是一个一个孤立不是一个一个孤立地来读的地来读的, 它们几乎总是互相结合着出它们几乎总是互相结合着出现的。因此它们在语流中有可能受现的。因此它们在语流中有可能受相互相互间的影响间的影响而产生种种而产生