简化版第9讲长句的翻译

1、1Lecture 9Translation of long and difficult sentences长句的翻译经贸B22, B2May27, 20132TED TALK FILMED FEB 2013; POSTED APR 2013 1. Taylor Wilson : My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂变反应堆） 2. Nilofer Merchant: Got a meeting? Take a walk 3. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips http:/

2、Wilson: My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂变反应堆） Taylor Wilson was 14 when he built a nuclear fusion reactor in his parents garage. Now 19, he returns to the TED stage to present a new take on an old topic: fission. Wilson, who has won backing to create a company to realize his vis

3、ion, explains why hes so excited about his innovative design for small modular fission reactors and why it could be the next big step in solving the global energy crisis. Bio: At 14, Taylor Wilson became the youngest person to achieve fusion - with a reactor born in his garage. Now he wants to save

4、our seaports from nuclear terror. 42. Nilofer Merchant : Got a meeting? Take a walk Nilofer Merchant suggests a small idea that just might have a big impact on your life and health: Next time you have a one-on-one meeting, make it into a walking meeting - and let ideas flow while you walk and talk.

5、Bio: Business innovator Nilofer Merchant thinks deeply about the frameworks, strategies and cultural values of companies. 53. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips Tech columnist David Pogue shares 10 simple, clever tips for computer, web, smartphone and camera users. And yes, you may know a fe

6、w of these already - but theres probably at least one you dont. Bio: David Pogue is the personal technology columnist for the New York Times and a tech correspondent for CBS News. Hes also one of the worlds bestselling how-to authors, with titles in the For Dummies series and his own line of Missing

7、 Manual books. 6 FUN TIME 世上最强的中国式英文世上最强的中国式英文 1We two who and who？咱俩谁跟谁阿 2How are you ？ How old are you？怎么是你，怎么老是你？ 3You dont bird me，I dont bird you. 你不鸟我，我也不鸟你 4You have seed! I will give you some color to see see，brothers ！ together up ！ 你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们，一起上！ 5. Hello everybody！if you have some

8、thing to say，then say！if you have nothing to say，go home！ 有事起奏，无事退朝 6You me you me 彼此彼此 7You Give Me Stop！你给我站住！ 8Know is know, noknow is noknow. 知之为知之，不知为不知 7 9WATCH SISTER 表妹 10Dragon born dragon，chicken born chicken，mouseson can make hole！ 龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞！ 11American Chinese not enough美中不足 12One

9、 car come one car go ，two car pengpeng，people die车祸现场描述 13Heart flower angry open心花怒放 14Go past no mistake past 走过路过，不要错过 15.U R American girl 你是美女 8 1. 定义：结构复杂，包含多个从句或短语的句子。定义：结构复杂，包含多个从句或短语的句子。 1) (a) Since the company would not desire applicants (b) who do not have a good profile, it is important

10、 (c) that an application form sent to a prospective applicant should request clear information about such things as the applicants age, qualifications and work experience as well as references from other individuals (d) who know the applicant well. 1) 参考译文：由于公司不会录用个人材料不佳的申请者，因此向有希望的应聘者寄发包括诸如年龄、资力、工作

11、经验等简明信息的申请表，并向了解应聘者情况的有关人士征求参考意见是很重要的。 92. 英语长句特点: 1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多; 2）常须根据上下文作词义的引申; 3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断; 4）并列成分多; 5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长; 6）习惯搭配和成语经常出现。 长句的结构大致有三类： 1)头重脚轻：即主句谓语之前有一大串内容； 2)尾大不掉:主句开门见山,谓语之后一长串尾巴 3)长句由许多并列分句/并列结构/插入成分组成10 1) 对于原文的准确理解；2) 在译文当中恰如其分的表达。 翻译启示：翻译步骤：理解表达 理解：理解：先进行表层语法结构分析先进行表层语

12、法结构分析然后进然后进行深层次的信息结构分析行深层次的信息结构分析 进而按照逻辑进而按照逻辑顺序把句子的各个部分内容串成一句完整顺序把句子的各个部分内容串成一句完整的话语加以理解的话语加以理解 表达：表达：翻译时注意语义整合与语序安排，翻译时注意语义整合与语序安排，按汉语表达习惯将原文内容用地道专业的按汉语表达习惯将原文内容用地道专业的汉语加以再现。汉语加以再现。3.长句的翻译11 长句翻译的步骤演示长句翻译的步骤演示: 2) In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spo

13、ke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 分析: 第一，拆分句子:这个长句可以拆分为四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days. 第二，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:I met a boy。（2）crying后面是状语从句“as

14、if his heart would break”。（3）“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。 第三，难点部分的处理:“crying as if his heart would break”应译为“哭得伤心极了”。 2) 参考译文：在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿，有两天没有吃饭了。12 英文长句的汉译/表达主要有四种处理方法： 3.4.1 顺译: 3.4.2 逆译: 3.4.3 拆译: 3.4.4 综合法:13 3.4.1 顺译顺译:按原文句子结构的顺序进行翻译。按原文句

15、子结构的顺序进行翻译。 顺译较适合三种长复合句：A. 时间/原因/条件/让步/方式状语等在前状语等在前，主句在后；B. 只含或主要含名词性从句的长复合句；C. 原文叙述层次与汉语相近的长句。 特点：行文方式与汉语基本相同，即按时间顺序、前因特点：行文方式与汉语基本相同，即按时间顺序、前因后果，先介绍后总结，先次要后主要等。后果，先介绍后总结，先次要后主要等。 下例属于“时间/原因/条件/让步/方式状语等在前状语等在前，主句在后”的例子：14 3) Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is

16、 working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 参考译文：即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。15 下面两例是原文叙述层次与汉语相近的例子：4) Through the staff reporting system, staff are also encouraged to take part in setting their work targets for

17、the coming year, to identify their own training needs and to develop their own ambitions so that these may be taken into account in career planning. 4) 参考译文：通过职员汇报制度，公司还鼓励职员参与制定他们自己明年的工作目标，确定/认同他们自己的培训需求，发展他们自己的雄心壮志，以便公司在制定专业培训计划时把这些也考虑在内。16 3.4.2 逆译逆译:由于英、汉语在表达顺序上的不同，汉语一由于英、汉语在表达顺序上的不同，汉语一般是般是“先发生的

18、事情先说，后发生的后说先发生的事情先说，后发生的后说”，“先原因，先原因，后结果后结果”，“先次要，后主要先次要，后主要”的习惯；而英语有许多的习惯；而英语有许多时候跟汉语正好相反：更多的把主句放在句首，分析说时候跟汉语正好相反：更多的把主句放在句首，分析说明部分置后；有时为了强调，把某些部分放在句首或反明部分置后；有时为了强调，把某些部分放在句首或反常的位置。翻译时要根据汉语的表达方式，对原语顺序常的位置。翻译时要根据汉语的表达方式，对原语顺序进行调整；有时还要重新组合译文，以达到画龙点睛、进行调整；有时还要重新组合译文，以达到画龙点睛、突出主题的目的。突出主题的目的。 1)主句在前、状从在

19、后；主句在前、状从在后；2)带限定性定从和作定语的各带限定性定从和作定语的各种短语构成的长复合句；种短语构成的长复合句；3)从句和短语较多且原文叙述从句和短语较多且原文叙述层次与汉语相差较大。层次与汉语相差较大。17 5）Volvo turnover fell five per cent to twenty point six billion Swedish kronor from twenty-one point eight billion Swedish kronor in the first three months of last year despite a substantial

20、rise in the volume of car sales. 5）参考译文：尽管其汽车的销售量有了大幅度的增长,然而沃尔沃的营业额下跌了5,(即)从去年前三个月的218亿瑞典克朗下降到206亿瑞典克朗。18 6）The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves; whether they are to have any property they can call their own; whether their houses an

21、d farms are to be pillaged（抢劫；劫掠；掠夺） and destroyed, and themselves consigned（把置于令人不愉快的境地） to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. 19 6）参考译文：美国人将会成为自由人还是奴隶，他们是否将拥有称得上属于自己的财产，他们的房屋和农庄是否会遭到掠夺和毁坏，他们自己是否会陷入任何人力都无法拯救的悲惨境地现在，也许必须决定这一切的时刻就在眼前。 析：这里原文的行文方式是先总说，即先说出结论，接着再谈具体事

22、情；而译文则先谈论具体情况，最后再总说，这也是英汉两种语言在行文方式上的不同。这种行文方式的不同由两个原因引起：一是两种语言本身的规定性使然，另一个原因是英美人的思维方式同汉民族人们的思维方式有相异的地方，表现在语言上就存在这种差异。20 3.4.3 拆译拆译 拆译是指原文句中过长，同时又含有多层意思，而主句和从句或者修饰部分之间的关系又不很紧密，如果在译文中用一个句子对原文进行翻译，反而会引起句意的混乱，这时就需要拆译。拆译的目的是为了使得句子意思的表达清楚明了。 7）Further clouding the new governments attempts to forge a viabl

23、e（可实施的；切实可行的） trading relationship with the west and encourage foreign investment, is a massive debt burden to the Soviet Union, the total of which is disputed between Ulan Bator and Moscow. 7）参考译文：蒙古国对苏联欠下巨额债务，包袱沉重。这进一步影响到新政府想单独与西方建立贸易关系和鼓励外国投资的打算。这笔巨额债务的数目究竟是多少，乌兰巴托和莫斯科双方说法不一。21 8）每年的两届（广州）交易会，把全国

24、几乎所有的外贸公司和出口商品集中起来，统一到广州展出、成交，减少了我们到国外推销的支出，外商也可只派少数人到会选购，不必花大人力到我各口岸寻找生意，节省了买卖双方的费用，深受国外经营各种商品的中小客商的欢迎。 8）参考译文：The biannual Guangzhou fair is attended by almost all foreign trade companies in the country and presents a great number of export commodities to buyers from abroad . Lots of business tran

25、sactions are concluded at the fair. As sellers and buyers can all gather in a place to conduct trade talks, the fair apparently saves sellers and buyers much time and expenses. This explains why the Guangzhou fair has all along been welcomed by overseas traders. 22 3.4.4 综合法：综合法：各种方法综合运用各种方法综合运用。 9）

26、It did not take long, however, for man to realize that there were some things he was more capable of doing than others and that it would benefit him to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods in which he was particularly proficient and leave others to produce the goods that called f

27、or skills which he did not possess . 23 9）参考译文：但是，不久人们就意识到，有些事情他能比别人做得更好，而且，假如他集中精力生产那些他擅长生产的商品，而让其他人去生产那些需要别的技能（而这些技能是他不具备的）才能生产出来的商品，那么他就有利可图了。 析：本例句中,主句是It did not take long, however, for man to realize。第一个和第二个由that引导的从句均是宾从；第二个由that引导的宾从还带有三个由in which, that和which引导的定从。翻译英语这种“多枝共干”的长句时，要注意目的语的表达习

28、惯和方式，行文要尽量简短精练，同时在句式上要做一些调整和重组，使得译文文从句顺。24 9）参考译文：但是，不久人们就意识到，有些事情他能比别人做得更好，而且，假如他集中精力生产那些他擅长生产的商品，而让其他人去生产那些需要别的技能（而这些技能是他不具备的）才能生产出来的商品，那么他就有利可图了。 本例句中对于第二个宾从的翻译进行了文字顺序的调整：第二个宾从的主干部分为it would benefit him, 次要成分为to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods in which he was particularly

29、 proficient and leave others to produce the goods that called for skills which he did not possess。如果按照原文的顺序翻译则不符合汉语的表达习惯和方式。汉语里习惯将从属部分放在主句的前面，而将主句本身放在后面。这里的译文注意到了这种中英文的差异，将“假如”从句放在了“那么他就有利可图了”的前面。另外，将原文中的定从“which he did not possess”翻译成汉语时，用括号置于“技能”一词之后，正好表明了定从同原文中“skills”之间的关系。25长句翻译技巧小结 英语有许多长句（尤其在

30、科技、法律英语中），主要是其特英语有许多长句（尤其在科技、法律英语中），主要是其特点所决定的：点所决定的：周密、严谨、准确、详尽、完整、逻辑性强等，周密、严谨、准确、详尽、完整、逻辑性强等，往往盘根错节、叠床架屋。它们包含多层修饰成分如副词、往往盘根错节、叠床架屋。它们包含多层修饰成分如副词、形容词、短语、定语从句或状语从句等，而每一个成分就有形容词、短语、定语从句或状语从句等，而每一个成分就有可能包含一层意思。可能包含一层意思。 汉语的特点截然不同：在表达复杂概念时，大多采用短句，汉语的特点截然不同：在表达复杂概念时，大多采用短句，其层次关系、逻辑关系等更多的是内涵于话语中。根据英汉其层次关

31、系、逻辑关系等更多的是内涵于话语中。根据英汉语的不同特点，在对长句的语法结构、逻辑层次和时间顺序语的不同特点，在对长句的语法结构、逻辑层次和时间顺序等有清楚了解的基础上，可采用以下等有清楚了解的基础上，可采用以下四种四种翻译方法进行汉译：翻译方法进行汉译： 顺译、逆译、拆译、综合译法顺译、逆译、拆译、综合译法等。等。26TED TALK FILMED FEB 2013; POSTED APR 2013 1. Taylor Wilson : My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂变反应堆） 2. Nilofer Merchant

32、: Got a meeting? Take a walk 3. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips http:/ Wilson: My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors(核裂变反应堆） Taylor Wilson was 14 when he built a nuclear fusion reactor in his parents garage. Now 19, he returns to the TED stage to present a new take on an old

33、topic: fission. Wilson, who has won backing to create a company to realize his vision, explains why hes so excited about his innovative design for small modular fission reactors and why it could be the next big step in solving the global energy crisis. Bio: At 14, Taylor Wilson became the youngest p

34、erson to achieve fusion - with a reactor born in his garage. Now he wants to save our seaports from nuclear terror. 282. Nilofer Merchant : Got a meeting? Take a walk Nilofer Merchant suggests a small idea that just might have a big impact on your life and health: Next time you have a one-on-one mee

35、ting, make it into a walking meeting - and let ideas flow while you walk and talk. Bio: Business innovator Nilofer Merchant thinks deeply about the frameworks, strategies and cultural values of companies. 293. David Pogue : 10 top time-saving tech tips Tech columnist David Pogue shares 10 simple, clever tips for computer, web, smartphone and camera users. And yes, you may know a few of these already - but theres probably at least one you dont. Bio: David Pogue is the personal technology columnist for the New York Times and a tech correspondent for CBS News. He