翻译中语篇意识的培养54

1、1翻译中语篇意识的培养翻译中语篇意识的培养参见参见Textbook 第第14章章 成语的英译成语的英译张干周21. 学生课堂演示学生课堂演示2. Warm-up Exercises3.3. 翻译中语篇意识的培养翻译中语篇意识的培养4. 课堂作业课堂作业5. 课后作业课后作业CONTENTS3Students Presentation学生课后作业展示学生课后作业展示4 Students Presentation (3-6 students, Two for each paraof previous homework)5After PresentationAnalysis of Homework6

2、 南京，她有层出不穷的风流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。南京，她有层出不穷的风流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。大都会特有的凝聚力，吸引了无数风云人物、仁人志士在这大都会特有的凝聚力，吸引了无数风云人物、仁人志士在这里角逐争雄，一逞豪彦。里角逐争雄，一逞豪彦。 Nanjing has witnessed the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and noble hearts as well as monumental achievements that shone through the ages. Attracted by spe

3、cial appeal, a great number of powerful figures and people actuated by high ideals have stayed in or frequented this metropolis都会都会 to contend for the lead or to give play to their genius and virtues. 7 从孙权、谢安到洪秀全、孙中山，从祖冲之、葛洪到李时珍、郑和，从刘勰、萧统到曹雪芹、吴敬梓，从王羲之、顾恺之到徐悲鸿、傅抱石，还有陶行知、杨廷宝等等，中国历史上一批杰出的政治家、军事家、科学家、文

4、学家、艺术家、教育家、建筑家等荟于此，在这块钟灵毓(yu)秀的土地上一圆他们的辉煌之梦。 Military commanders such as Sun Quan and Xie An; political leaders such as Hong Xiuquan and Dr. Sun Yat-sen; scientists like Zu Chongzhi, Ge Hong, Li Shizhen and Zheng He; men of letters such as Liu Xie, Xiao Tong, Cao Xueqin and Wu Jingzi; artists like W

5、ang Xizhi, Gu Kaizhi, Xu Beihong and Fu Baosi; educators such as Tao Xingzhi; and architects like Yang Tingbao - all these renowned historical figures used to settle on this blessed land to have their splendid dreams fulfilled. 8 The towering Purple Mountains and the billowing Yangtze River nurtured

6、 them and provided them with arenas竞技场，舞台竞技场，舞台 in which to realize their aspirations. By virtue of their genius, vision, and sagacity睿智睿智, 聪敏聪敏, these best and brightest sons and daughters of the nation made spectacular contributions to resplendent 辉煌的辉煌的 Chinese civilization.他们是中华民族的优秀儿女。巍巍钟山、滚滚长江

7、养育了他他们是中华民族的优秀儿女。巍巍钟山、滚滚长江养育了他们，为他们提供了施展抱负的舞台，他们也以自己的雄才大们，为他们提供了施展抱负的舞台，他们也以自己的雄才大略、聪明智慧为中华民族的灿烂文明增添了流光溢彩的新篇略、聪明智慧为中华民族的灿烂文明增添了流光溢彩的新篇章。章。9Have a TryWarm-up Exercises101.1.漂亮只能为别人提供眼福漂亮只能为别人提供眼福, ,却不一定换到幸福。却不一定换到幸福。2.2.只要思想不滑坡，方法总比困难多！只要思想不滑坡，方法总比困难多！3.3.如果真诚是一种伤害如果真诚是一种伤害, ,请选择谎言请选择谎言; ;如果谎言是一种伤害，如

8、果谎言是一种伤害，请选择沉默；如果沉默是一种伤害，请选择离开。请选择沉默；如果沉默是一种伤害，请选择离开。4.4.眼前有了繁花，并不等于你手中有了鲜蜜。就算不快乐眼前有了繁花，并不等于你手中有了鲜蜜。就算不快乐也不要皱眉，因为你永远不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。也不要皱眉，因为你永远不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。111. Ones good looks can only feast the others eyes, but may not be certain to earn fortune by it. 2. So long as you keep your mind alive, you would

9、have more ways than difficulties. 3. If empressement makes hurt, make a choice of lie; if lie hurts still, silence may help to heal; if silence hurts again, parting may tell how to gain. 4. The flourishing in your eyes does not mean the golden eggs in your hands. Even you are unhappy, dont frown any

10、way, for you would never be aware that somebody around may be fond of your smiling way. 12翻译中语篇意识的培养翻译中语篇意识的培养Translation of Passages13CONTENTS1. 段落主题意义翻译再现段落主题意义翻译再现2. 段内衔接翻译段内衔接翻译3. 篇章的语域与翻译篇章的语域与翻译14 段落主题意义的翻译再现段落主题意义的翻译再现 Trans of Main Idea Within Para.15 汉语段落汉语段落翻译成英语时，除了要考虑每翻译成英语时，除了要考虑每一句翻译得正

11、确、纯正以外，还必须要考虑一句翻译得正确、纯正以外，还必须要考虑句子以外的段落主题性意义，句子之间的衔句子以外的段落主题性意义，句子之间的衔接，以及各句所描述的概念或命题的连贯性，接，以及各句所描述的概念或命题的连贯性，否则，译文就会貌合神离，无法否则，译文就会貌合神离，无法传递原文段传递原文段落的全部意义。落的全部意义。16【例例1 1】我睁大了眼，紧裹在沉思中。许多面孔，错落地在我眼前跳舞；许多人声，嘈杂地在我耳边争讼。蓦地一切都寂灭了，依然是那答、答、答的小声从窗边传来，像有人在叩门。 （茅盾叩门）【译文译文】 Eyes wide open now, I became immersed

12、in thought. A multitude of faces danced randomly before my eyes, whilst in my ears, a cacophony 刺耳的音调刺耳的音调 of voices fought to be heard. Then, suddenly, everything vanished, and there was that little tap, tap, tapping again, coming from over by the window, as if someone was knocking at the door. Rob

13、er Neather 译译17 茅盾先生茅盾先生1929年创作的散文年创作的散文叩门叩门。当时在。当时在日本得知国内革命失败的消息，情绪低落。这篇日本得知国内革命失败的消息，情绪低落。这篇散文抒发了作者的郁闷心情。散文抒发了作者的郁闷心情。 Rober Neather根据英语的形合特征，不但根据英语的形合特征，不但添加了连接词添加了连接词“whilst”,准确地描述诸多往事涌准确地描述诸多往事涌上心头的情景，实现原文的表情功能，而且还用上心头的情景，实现原文的表情功能，而且还用了了“now”、 “then”等词语，展示原文中隐含等词语，展示原文中隐含的虚实时间关系，用的虚实时间关系，用“and

14、”加强整个段落前后的加强整个段落前后的连贯性。连贯性。【AnalysisAnalysis】18【例例2 2】有一天，他忽然得了急病，赶快叫家人去请东街的汪医生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去，一时寻不着东街的汪大夫，却把西街牛医王大夫请来了。差不多先生病在床上，知道寻错了人；但病急了，身上痛苦，心里焦急，等不得了，心里想到：“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多，让他试试看吧。”于是这位牛医王大夫走近床前，用医牛的法子给差不多先生看病。不上一点钟，差不多先生就一命呜呼了。 - 胡适差不多先生19【译文译文】有一天，他忽然得了急病，赶快叫家人去请东街的汪医生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去，一时寻不着东街的汪大夫，却把西街牛

15、医王大夫请来了。差不多先生病在床上，知道寻错了人 One day he suddenly fell ill and immediately told one of his family to fetch Dr. Wang of East Street. The latter went in a hurry, but couldnt find the physician on East Street. Mr. Cha Buduo, lying on his sickbed, knew that a wrong person had been brought home.20【例例2 2】但病急了，

16、身上痛苦，心里焦急，等不得了，心里想到：“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多，让他试试看吧。”于是这位牛医王大夫走近床前，用医牛的法子给差不多先生看病。不上一点钟，差不多先生就一命呜呼了。But, with pain and worry, he could not afford to wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily,Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang have a try?” Thereupon, the veterinarian walked up

17、to his bed to work on him as if he were a cow. Consequently, Mr. Cha Buduo kicked the bucket before an hour was out.To continue 21 此段文字流畅，诙谐幽默，通过看病这一人命关天的实例，塑造一个凡是马虎苟且的人物形象。 译文完全遵循原文的时间顺序排列信息，并相应译出必要的衔接词语，如“so, but, thereupon”等，展现了事件发展的脉略，把原文的信息功能充分地再现出来。 但译文中的“王”、“汪”、“差不多”似乎没有很好地翻译再现。所以，我个人认为不妨将“王”

18、译为“Wang”、将“汪”译为“Wong”,因为中国人因地域差异，四声混淆，外国人更是发不准中文的四声；同时，也可以把“差不多”译为“Almost”. 又如：又如： 英国小说：英国小说： “The Life and Death of Mr.BadmanThe Life and Death of Mr.Badman” 翻译成：翻译成：“败德先生传败德先生传”【analysisanalysis】22【例例3 3】尽管尽管嘴上说友谊，对运动员来说重要的仍是嘴上说友谊，对运动员来说重要的仍是比赛成绩。得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。比赛成绩。得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。任何想获奥运冠军的人

19、都得中断学业，牺牲自己业任何想获奥运冠军的人都得中断学业，牺牲自己业余时间。这一点常常是观众没看到的。余时间。这一点常常是观众没看到的。因此因此，运动，运动员要求得到物质奖励是可以理解的。员要求得到物质奖励是可以理解的。 (选自蔡基刚，选自蔡基刚，2001)23 Despite lip service paid to friendship, what matters to athletes is success. Whoever comes first wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets nothing. What the sp

20、ectators 观众观众sometimes fail to notice is that anyone who wants to become an Olympic champion has to break off his studies and has little spare time. It is understandable that athletes want some tangible切实的切实的 reward.【译文译文】24 在未庄再看见阿在未庄再看见阿Q的时候，是刚过了这年的中秋。人们都惊异，的时候，是刚过了这年的中秋。人们都惊异，说是阿说是阿Q回来了，于是又回上去想到，

21、他先前那里去了呢回来了，于是又回上去想到，他先前那里去了呢? 阿阿Q前前几回的上城，大抵早就兴高采烈的对人说，但这一次却并不，所几回的上城，大抵早就兴高采烈的对人说，但这一次却并不，所以也没有一个留心到。以也没有一个留心到。Weizhuang did not see Ah Q again till just after the Moon Festival that year. Everybody was surprised to hear of his return, and this made them think back and wonder where he had been all

22、that time. The few previous occasions on which Ah Q had been to town, he had usually informed people in advance with great gusto 爱好爱好, 嗜好嗜好, 趣味趣味, 由衷的高兴由衷的高兴; but since he had not so this time, no one had noticed his going. 【例例4 4】（下面看完整的阿Q正传的翻译）25 他或者也曾告诉过管土谷祠的老头子，然而未庄老例，只他或者也曾告诉过管土谷祠的老头子，然而未庄老例，只有

23、赵太爷钱太爷和秀才大爷上城才算一件事。假洋鬼子尚且不有赵太爷钱太爷和秀才大爷上城才算一件事。假洋鬼子尚且不足数，何况是阿足数，何况是阿Q，因此老头子也就不替他宣传，而未庄的社，因此老头子也就不替他宣传，而未庄的社会上也就无人知道了。会上也就无人知道了。 He might have told the old man in charge of the Tutelary守护神守护神 Gods Temple, but according to the custom of Weizhuang it was only when Mr. Qian, or the successful country can

24、didate went to town that it was considered important. Even the Imitation Foreign Devils going was not talked about, much less Ah Qs. This would explain why the old man had not spread the news for him, with the result that the villagers had had no means of knowing. 26但阿但阿Q这回的回来，却与先前大不同，确乎很值得惊异。天色这回的回

25、来，却与先前大不同，确乎很值得惊异。天色将黑，他睡眼朦胧的在酒店门前出现了，他走近柜台，从腰间将黑，他睡眼朦胧的在酒店门前出现了，他走近柜台，从腰间伸出手来，满把是银的和铜的，在柜上一扔说：伸出手来，满把是银的和铜的，在柜上一扔说：“现钱现钱!打酒打酒来来!”穿的是新夹袄，看去腰间还挂着一个大褡裢，沉钿钿得将穿的是新夹袄，看去腰间还挂着一个大褡裢，沉钿钿得将裤带坠成了很弯很弯的弧线。裤带坠成了很弯很弯的弧线。Ah Qs return this time was very different from before, and in fact quite enough to occasion as

26、tonishment. The day was growing dark when he appeared blinking sleepily before the door of the wineshop, walked up to the counter, pulled a handful of silver and coppers from his belt and tossed them on the counter. “Cash!” he said. “Bring the wine!” he was wearing a new lined jacket, and at his wai

27、st evidently hung a large purse, the great weight of which caused his belt to sag in a sharp curve. 27未庄老例，看见略有些醒目的人物，是与其慢也宁敬的，现在明知未庄老例，看见略有些醒目的人物，是与其慢也宁敬的，现在明知道是阿道是阿Q但因为和破夹袄的阿但因为和破夹袄的阿Q有些两样了，古人云：有些两样了，古人云：“士别三日士别三日便当刮目相待便当刮目相待”，所以堂馆，掌柜，酒客，路人，便自然显出一种，所以堂馆，掌柜，酒客，路人，便自然显出一种疑而且敬的形态来。掌柜既先之以点头，又继之以谈话：疑而且

28、敬的形态来。掌柜既先之以点头，又继之以谈话：It was the custom in Weizhuang that when there seemed to be something unusual about anyone, he should be treated with respect rather than insolence傲慢傲慢, and now, although they knew quite well this was Ah Q, Still he was very different from the Ah Q of the ragged coat. The ancie

29、nts say, “A scholar who has been away three days must be looked at with new eyes.” So the waiter, innkeeper, customers and passers-by, all quite naturally expressed a kind of suspicion mingled with respect. The innkeeper started by nodding, then said:28 “嚄嚄(ho)(Wow)，阿，阿Q你回来了你回来了!” “回来了回来了!” “发财发财，你是

30、发财发财，你是在在” “上城去了上城去了!” “Hullo , Ah Q ,so youre back!”“Yes, Im back ,”“Youve made money erwhere?”“I went to town .”29这一件新闻，第二天便传遍了未庄。人们都愿意知道现钱和这一件新闻，第二天便传遍了未庄。人们都愿意知道现钱和新夹袄的阿新夹袄的阿Q的中兴史，所以在酒店里，茶馆里，庙檐下，便的中兴史，所以在酒店里，茶馆里，庙檐下，便渐渐的探听出来了。这结果，是阿渐渐的探听出来了。这结果，是阿Q得了新敬畏。得了新敬畏。 By the next day this piece of news

31、had spread through Weizhuang. And since everybody wanted to hear the success story of this Ah Q of the ready money and the new lined jacket, in the wineshop, tea-house, and under the temple eaves, the villagers gradually ferreted 追赶追赶out the news. The result was that they began to treat Ah Q with a

32、new deference (顺从，尊重顺从，尊重).30据阿据阿Q说，他是在举人老爷家里帮忙。这一节，听的人都肃然了。说，他是在举人老爷家里帮忙。这一节，听的人都肃然了。这老爷本姓白，但因为合城里只有他一个举人，所以不必再冠姓，这老爷本姓白，但因为合城里只有他一个举人，所以不必再冠姓，说起举人来就是他。这也不独在未庄如此，便是一百里方圆之内也说起举人来就是他。这也不独在未庄如此，便是一百里方圆之内也都如此，人们几乎多以为他的姓名就叫举人老爷了。都如此，人们几乎多以为他的姓名就叫举人老爷了。According to Ah Q, he had been a servant in the hous

33、e of a successful provincial candidate. This part of the story filled all who hear it with awe敬畏敬畏. This successful provincial candidate was named Bai, but because he was the only successful provincial candidate in the whole town there was no need to use his surname: whenever anyone spoke of the suc

34、cessful provincial candidate, it meant him. And this was so not only in Weizhuang but everywhere with a radius of thirty miles, as if everybody imagined his name to be Mr. Successful provincial candidate. 31在这人的府上帮忙，那当然是可敬的。但据阿在这人的府上帮忙，那当然是可敬的。但据阿Q又说，他却不高兴又说，他却不高兴再帮忙了，因为这举人老爷实在太再帮忙了，因为这举人老爷实在太“妈妈的妈妈

35、的”了。这一节，听的人了。这一节，听的人都叹息而且快意，因为阿都叹息而且快意，因为阿Q本不配在举人老爷家里帮忙，而不帮忙本不配在举人老爷家里帮忙，而不帮忙是可惜的。是可惜的。 鲁迅鲁迅阿阿Q正传正传To have worked in the household of such a man naturally called for respect; but according to Ah Qs further statements, he was unwillingly to go on working there because this successful provincial candi

36、date was really too much of a “turtles egg”. This part of the story made all who heard it sigh, but with a sense of pleasure, because it showed that Ah Q was naturally not fit to work in such a mans household, yet not to work was a pity. (Translated by Yany Xianyi and Gladys Yang)32段内衔接翻译段内衔接翻译Linku

37、p Within Para.33 英汉写作无论是在句子或者在段落层面上的一个重要区英汉写作无论是在句子或者在段落层面上的一个重要区别在于，别在于，英语重替代，汉语重重复英语重替代，汉语重重复。 替代替代是指使用代词、同义词、近义词以及替代句型等替是指使用代词、同义词、近义词以及替代句型等替换前文中出现过的词语。英语段落里，句子之间的呼应常换前文中出现过的词语。英语段落里，句子之间的呼应常常是靠词语的替代完成。常是靠词语的替代完成。 重复重复是指使用相同的词语呼应前文出现过的词语。汉语是指使用相同的词语呼应前文出现过的词语。汉语段落里，往往由重复的词语来进行句子间的呼应，构成段段落里，往往由重复

38、的词语来进行句子间的呼应，构成段落的衔接和连贯。落的衔接和连贯。1.1.替代和重复及翻译替代和重复及翻译34【例例1 1】Wrought iron is almost pure iron. It is not frequently found in the school shop because of its high cost. It forges well, () can easily be bent hot or cold, and () can be welded.【译文译文】熟铁几乎就是纯铁。熟铁在校办工厂里不太常见，因为价格很贵。熟铁好锻，很容易热弯或冷弯，还可以焊接。 35 鉴于

39、这种英汉段落写作上的差异，在英译汉时，原文替代的部分要用重复的手法翻译；反之，汉译英时，原文重复替代的部分要用替代的手法翻译。如：【例句例句】我伸手去接包袱，我一点也不怕，我理直气壮，我明明知道他故意作难，正想把包袱接过来就走。猜得对对的，他并不把包袱真给我。【译文译文】I was aware that he was out to make things difficult for me. Therefore, bold and confident, I reached out my hand for the bundle. But, just as I had been doubly sur

40、e, he simply wouldnt let go of it.362.2.省略及翻译省略及翻译 英汉语言都存在省略现象。汉语是按上下文的意义进行省略，包括主语、中心词、关联词、谓语动词等；而英语则按照语法形式进行省略，可以省略所有格、形容词、介词等后面的名词，助动词、情态动词后的实意动词、系动词后的表语、主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。 汉语的省略普遍且不具规律性。根据习惯判断，许多省略实际上并非省略，若硬要填补所谓的“省略”，结果会更别扭，但汉译英时，一定要识别出省略的部分，并补充翻译出来。37【例例1 1】Some books are to be tasted, others () to

41、be swallowed, and some few () to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others () to be read, but not curiously; and some few () to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. 书书有可有可浅尝者，浅尝者，有可有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，之，有有只须读其部分者，只须读其部分者，有有只须大体涉猎者，少数则

42、须全只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。 王佐良先生译王佐良先生译 38【例例2 2】Histories make men wise; poets () witty; the mathematics () subtitle; natural philosophy () deep; moral () grave; logic and rhetoric () able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩使人深刻，伦理学使人

43、庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 王佐良先生译王佐良先生译 39【例例3 3】所以每每在大雪中的黄昏里， ()围着暖炉，围着祖父，听着祖父读着诗篇，看着祖父读着诗篇时微红的嘴唇。 On snowy evenings, we children often sat around the heating stove by grandpa, listening to him reading poems and watching his busy ruddy lips.。 王佐良先生译王佐良先生译 40【例例4 4】改革开放胆子要大一些，改革开放胆子要大一些， ()要敢于试验。冒一要敢于试验。冒一定的风险是

44、必要的。不冒点风险，办什么事情都有百分之百定的风险是必要的。不冒点风险，办什么事情都有百分之百的把握，万无一失，谁敢说这样的话的把握，万无一失，谁敢说这样的话? ? 一开始就自以为是，一开始就自以为是，认为百分之百正确，没那回事。认为百分之百正确，没那回事。 We must be courageous to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned. A certain amount of risk-taking is necessary. Who dares to claim that he is 100 percent s

45、ure of success right from the beginning and without taking any risks? There is no such thing as certainty. (From Cai Jigang,2001)41练习：练习： 1. 孟子曰：孟子曰：“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”(注：注：the god of the land and the god of grain the state 土神土神和谷神和谷神,古时君主都祭祀社稷古时君主都祭祀社稷,后来就用社稷代表国家后来就用社稷代表国家）2. 世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马

46、常有，而伯乐不常世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。有。1. Mencius said, “The people are the most important, the land and grain the next, the sovereign the lightest.2. Only after Bo Le came into the world were there horses able to gallop one thousand in a day. Such horses are common, but a Bo Le is rare.423.3.连接词和连接性词组连

47、接词和连接性词组 连接词和连接性词组是使用最为普遍的衔接手连接词和连接性词组是使用最为普遍的衔接手段之一。连接词主要用于理顺文章的段之一。连接词主要用于理顺文章的逻辑、时间逻辑、时间和空间和空间等关系，掌握这些词和词组的翻译方法，等关系，掌握这些词和词组的翻译方法，可以使译文通顺流畅。可以使译文通顺流畅。43表示逻辑关系表示逻辑关系 1. 先后或列举： first, second ; in the first place; next/ then; for one thing for another; furthermore / moreover/in addition/besides; fin

48、ally/last; and 2. 特指或举例：in particular; specifically; for instance, for example; that is / namely3. 表示因果：consequently / as a result /hence / accordingly / thus /so /therefore; because / since / for4. 表示结论：in conclusion /finally /all in all / to sum up; evidently /clearly; actually; of course5. 表示转折：b

49、ut / however /yet /nevertheless; on the contrary; on the other hand; neither nor 44表示时间关系表示时间关系 1. 表示频率：frequently /often; occasionally / now and then; sometimes /from time to time; day after day; again and again/ over and over / on and on2. 表示阶段：during; briefly; for a long time; for many days /mont

50、hs/years3. 表示某一段时间：then /at that time/ in those days; last week4. 表示开端：at first / in the beginning; before then（此前）; in the preceding weeks451. 表示近距离：close to / near; next to / alongside / adjacent to; facing2. 表示远距离：in the distance /far /beyond /away /on the far side; there3. 表示方向：up; down; forward

51、(s); backward(s); sideways （向旁边）；along; across; on the left/right; in front of / behind; above/below; inside /outside表示空间关系表示空间关系 46【例例1 1】女人发号施令的手段很高明，用的都是口气柔和的女人发号施令的手段很高明，用的都是口气柔和的祈使句。但不管怎样，事无巨细都要男人效劳总是很不应祈使句。但不管怎样，事无巨细都要男人效劳总是很不应该的。他对妻子总是百依百顺，我从未听到他有过什么不该的。他对妻子总是百依百顺，我从未听到他有过什么不耐烦的表示，而且，我听得出来，他极

52、其恭顺而温存，仿耐烦的表示，而且，我听得出来，他极其恭顺而温存，仿佛这么奴仆般地被老婆支使得团团转是一种享受似的。于佛这么奴仆般地被老婆支使得团团转是一种享受似的。于是，我猜测：他的妻子很漂亮，因为大凡漂亮的女人都颇是，我猜测：他的妻子很漂亮，因为大凡漂亮的女人都颇有些自命不凡，总把自己当作个高贵的公主。有些自命不凡，总把自己当作个高贵的公主。 47【译文译文】女人发号施令的手段很高明，用的都是口气女人发号施令的手段很高明，用的都是口气柔和的祈使句。但不管怎样，事无巨细都要男人效劳柔和的祈使句。但不管怎样，事无巨细都要男人效劳总是很不应该的。总是很不应该的。The woman was very

53、 good at commanding: The woman was very good at commanding: her orders were all couched in soft-toned her orders were all couched in soft-toned imperative sentences. imperative sentences. HoweverHowever, it simply , it simply wasnt right, I thought, wasnt right, I thought, forfor her to ask her her

54、to ask her husband to do everything. husband to do everything. 48【译文译文】他对妻子总是百依百顺，我从未听到他有过他对妻子总是百依百顺，我从未听到他有过什么不耐烦的表示，而且，我听得出来，他极其恭顺什么不耐烦的表示，而且，我听得出来，他极其恭顺而温存，仿佛这么奴仆般地被老婆支使得团团转是一而温存，仿佛这么奴仆般地被老婆支使得团团转是一种享受似的。种享受似的。 ButBut to these orders of hers, he to these orders of hers, he never never said a word

55、 said a word of “No”, of “No”, nornor did he reveal any sign of impatience. did he reveal any sign of impatience. On the contraryOn the contrary, his response showed that he , his response showed that he was as meek as a lamb, seeming to regard it as was as meek as a lamb, seeming to regard it as a

56、great pleasure to busy his head off for his a great pleasure to busy his head off for his slave master.slave master. 49【译文译文】于是，我猜测：他的妻子很漂亮，因为大凡于是，我猜测：他的妻子很漂亮，因为大凡漂亮的女人都颇有些自命不凡，总把自己当作个高漂亮的女人都颇有些自命不凡，总把自己当作个高贵的公主。贵的公主。ThereforeTherefore I came to the conclusion that I came to the conclusion that his

57、wife must be a great beauty, his wife must be a great beauty, for for beautiful women without exception are beautiful women without exception are stuck up, imagining themselves to be stuck up, imagining themselves to be noble princesses.noble princesses. 50【例例2 2】秦淮河里的船，比北京万生园，颐和园的船好，比西湖的秦淮河里的船，比北京万

58、生园，颐和园的船好，比西湖的船好，比杨州瘦西湖的船也好。这几处的船不是觉着笨，就是觉得船好，比杨州瘦西湖的船也好。这几处的船不是觉着笨，就是觉得简陋、局促；都不能引起乘客们的情韵，如秦淮河的船一样。秦淮简陋、局促；都不能引起乘客们的情韵，如秦淮河的船一样。秦淮河的船约略可分为两种：一是大船；一是小船，就是所谓河的船约略可分为两种：一是大船；一是小船，就是所谓“七板七板子子”。 (朱自清朱自清桨声灯影里的秦淮河桨声灯影里的秦淮河)【译文译文】The ships on the QinHuai are better than those in Beijings Myriad-Creature Gar

59、den and Summer Palace and Hangzhous West Lake, better even than those on Yangzhous Shouxi Lake. The vessels in those places are either clumsy or crude and cramped, less inviting than those on the Qinhuai, which fall roughly into two categories, big boats and small ones, the latter also known as “sev

60、en-plankers”. 51【例例3 3】去年年底，中国烹饪协会决定，把去年年底，中国烹饪协会决定，把“全聚德全聚德”、“狗不理狗不理”及及“兰州拉面兰州拉面”这三个品种确定为推广中式快餐的试点。尽管以行政命令参这三个品种确定为推广中式快餐的试点。尽管以行政命令参与市场竞争的做法值得怀疑，不过，与市场竞争的做法值得怀疑，不过，“全聚德全聚德” 、“狗不理狗不理”（天津食（天津食品街的那一家除外）、品街的那一家除外）、“兰州拉面兰州拉面”以及以及“荣华鸡荣华鸡”的味道，其实都很不的味道，其实都很不错。然而，错。然而，“好吃好吃”是否可以成为中式快餐的规模化经营乃至与麦当劳分是否可以成为中式快