直接引语和间接引语讲解

1、Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语& indirect speech直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：引述某人的话一般采用两种形式： 一种是直接引语（一种是直接引语（direct speech), 即即原封不动地引原封不动地引用原话，把原话放在引号内用原话，把原话放在引号内；一种是间接引语（一种是间接引语（indirect speech)，即用自己的话，即用自己的话加以加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。I am smart.he was smart.He saidWhat did he say ?I

2、can fly.it could fly. It saidWhat did it say ?“I am playing football.”He saidhe was playing football.What did he say ?He saidthe earth moves around the sun.The earth moves around the sun.What did he say ?为什么？此句没有变时态？因为它为什么？此句没有变时态？因为它描述的是客观事实真理描述的是客观事实真理，经得住时间考验经得住时间考验 ，故不变化故不变化“I finished my homewo

3、rk two days ago.” She saidshe had finished her homework two days before .What did he say ?I will go shopping tomorrow.she would go shopping the next day.She saidWhat did she say ?陈述句陈述句“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语Anne said that she didnt want to

4、set down a series of facts in a diary.1.Sb said位置变化位置变化2.加加that引导后面的宾语从句引导后面的宾语从句3.人称的变化人称的变化4.时态的变化时态的变化whether/if we liked singing.“Do you like singing?”He askedWhat did he say ?间接引用别人的一般疑问句时间接引用别人的一般疑问句时要做相应变化要做相应变化 1 say 变变 ask 2要添加要添加if/weather 。 3句子变句子变陈述句语序陈述句语序Attention He said ，“can you spe

5、ak a little English ？”He asked if I could speak a little English一般疑问句一般疑问句直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语“Does a friend always have to be a person?”the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.一般疑问句一般疑问句直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语Does a friend always have to be a person? the writer asked us.The

6、 writer asked us if a friend always had to be a person.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语“What do you call your diary?” Annes sister asked her.Annes sister asked her what she called her diary.小结小结直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：时间变化时间变化now 现在现在 then 那时那时today 今天今天 that day 那天那天this week (month, etc.) that week (month, et

7、c.) 本星期（月等）本星期（月等） 那个星期（月等）那个星期（月等）Yesterday 昨天昨天 the day before 前一天前一天the day before 前一天前一天 two days before 前两天前两天 last week (year, etc.) the day before the day before 上星期（去年）上星期（去年） 前一周（年等）前一周（年等）three days (a year, et.) ago three days (a year etc.) before三天（一年等）以前三天（一年等）以前 前三天（一年等）前三天（一年等）tomorro

8、w 明天明天 the next (following) day 次日次日the day after tomorrow two days later (in two days time) 后天后天 过两天过两天next week (yea, etc.) the next (following) week (year, etc.) 下星期（明年等）下星期（明年等） 下一周（第二年等）下一周（第二年等）直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：时间变化时间变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词this 这这that 那那these 这些这些those 那些那些地点地点状语状语here 这里这

9、里there 那里那里动词动词come 来来go 去去直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：人称变化人称变化直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称。人称。 He said, “I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称。转述人说的，转换为第一人称。 “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me th

10、at I should be more careful the next time. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：物主代词等，如： He aske

11、d me, “Will you go to the station with me?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him. 总之：人称的变总之：人称的变化要符合逻辑！化要符合逻辑！（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时一般现在时变为一般过去时（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时现在进行时变为过去进行时（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时一般将来时变为过去将来时（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时现在完成时变为过去完成时（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时一般过去时变为过去完成时（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时过去完成时不变，仍为过去完

12、成时 直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：时态的变化时态的变化时态不变化：时态不变化：直接引语是直接引语是客观真理客观真理 “The moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the moon moves around the earth.直接引语是直接引语是过去进行时过去进行时，时态不变，时态不变 Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”Jack asked John where he was g

13、oing when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 He said, “I get u

14、p at six every morning.”He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式的形式(例：例：ought to， had better, used to)和和已经是过去时的形式时已经是过去时的形式时 (例：例：could, should, would, might) ，时态不再变，时态不再变。 Peter said, “You had better come here today.”Peter said I had better go there that day.直接引

15、语变间接引语时直接引语变间接引语时, 时态要发生变化时态要发生变化:一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去将来时将来时过去过去完成时完成时He said that the earth goes around the sun.He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.He said that Rome isnt built in a day.Tom said he was born in July, 1978.1.He said

16、, “the earth goes around the sun.”2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3. He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语, ,下列情况时态下列情况时态不变不变: :真理真理时间表时间表格言格言过去的时间状语过去的时间状语5. 部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must, ought to, used to, had better等：等： She said to m

17、e: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethat day/today/yesterdaythe next/following day直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before

18、yesterdaycomebringherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforegotakethere1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers

19、.Exercise I3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1. “I never

20、 eat meat,” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her. heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtaken4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west

21、.” The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.risesgoestoldhadbeforehadthere7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he

22、 said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there.hadbeforeaskedwhether / ifbeforetoldcould10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _

23、 _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _.howshehadwhereI hadthoseif/whetherI lived1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoda

24、y B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long

25、way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorr

26、ow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week

27、ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your9. Black asked m