新视野大学英语4第三单元

1、 Topics for DiscussionTopics for Discussion1 1. How do people treat . How do people treat disabled disabled people? people? What What about about youyou?2. According to you, how do we (our government 2. According to you, how do we (our government and every one of us) help the disabled people?and eve

2、ry one of us) help the disabled people?3. According to you, how do the disabled people 3. According to you, how do the disabled people help themselves?help themselves?4.Do 4.Do you know someone else who is disabledyou know someone else who is disabledbut has set a good example for us? but has set a

3、good example for us? Introduce one or two to your classmates.Introduce one or two to your classmates.the disabled / handicapped / crippled, normal, abnormal, weird, lower, equal, fair, optimistic, pessimistic disability, prejudice, bias, unwanted attention, goodwill, good intention, ill will, ill in

4、tention treat sb. as., look down upon, stare and point, regardfairly, unfairly, unequally1. Structure of Text1. Structure of TextSeveral events are narrated to illustrate the problems with the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers try to find anything unreported, welfare clients have difficult

5、ies in obtaining help, and the law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare. Dealing with what should be done with the present welfare systemThis part is about how people concerned behave under the present welfare system: Clients cheat the system for more money while case

6、workers, like detectives, expect the clients to bow down to them and beg.Para.1-3Para. 4-14Para. 15-174. Useful Expressions long for long for bleed forbleed foropt to do opt to do sthsth. .drum up businessdrum up businessyield toyield toget/be involved inget/be involved inlecture sb. about lecture s

7、b. about sthsth. .get aroundget aroundget the cheapest bidget the cheapest bidmake a gradual shift away make a gradual shift away fromfromjump offjump offlend oneself tolend oneself tosit onsit onconvict ofconvict of渴望/盼望向榨取选择招揽生意向屈服卷入/潜心于就某事训斥某人四处走动拿到最低的报价逐渐脱离突然脱离/摆脱适宜于; 同意参与任职，任代表，担任证明/宣判某人有罪Leak:

8、 n. Leak: n. 泄漏；漏洞，裂缝泄漏；漏洞，裂缝 vt.vt. 使渗漏，泄露使渗漏，泄露 vi. vi. 漏，渗；泄漏漏，渗；泄漏Leak out Leak out 泄露出去泄露出去1 1、你要保证这份文件不被泄露出去。你要保证这份文件不被泄露出去。You should guarantee that the file wont be You should guarantee that the file wont be leaked out.leaked out.2 2、One of the employees was responsible for the One of the em

9、ployees was responsible for the leak.leak.一雇员对泄密负有责任。一雇员对泄密负有责任。 sticky adj.(origin)sticky adj.(origin)黏的黏的 (extension) involving problems; difficult (extension) involving problems; difficult or awkwardor awkwardThe relationship between the two country The relationship between the two country is goi

10、ng through a sticky patch. is going through a sticky patch. 两国关系正在经历一段困难时期。两国关系正在经历一段困难时期。 Convict v. Convict v. 定罪定罪 n.n.囚犯囚犯我我掌握一切证据来给这个年轻犯人定罪。掌握一切证据来给这个年轻犯人定罪。 I have all the evidence to convict this I have all the evidence to convict this young criminal.young criminal.Words and ExpressionsWords

11、and Expressions美国社会福利简介Introduction to social welfare system American 国现行的社会福利制度是从1936年社会安全法案(Social Security Act)实行之后，逐步完善起来的。社会安全法案包含如下几类福利措施： America current social welfare system is from the social security act of 1936 (Social SecurityAct) after the introduction, gradually improve. The Social Se

12、curity Act contains the followingbenefits: 1 1、联邦社会保险、联邦社会保险 1, the social insurance1, the social insurance 联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的，在职或曾经工作过联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的，在职或曾经工作过的本人及其家属都可参加，主要包括退休金的本人及其家属都可参加，主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits)(Retirement Benefits)、抚恤金、抚恤金(Survivors (Survivors Benefits)Benefits)、伤残金、伤残金(Disabi

13、lity Benefits)(Disability Benefits)和医疗福利和医疗福利(Medicare Benefits)(Medicare Benefits)等。等。Federal insuranceofficeisset up for thepeople,working orhave workedfor himself and his familycan participate in,includingpension,pension(RetirementBenefits)(SurvivorsBenefits)(DisabilityBenefits),disability benefi

14、tsand health benefits(MedicareBenefits).2、失业补助金、失业补助金( Unemployment Compensation)2,the unemployment subsidy(UnemploymentCompensation) ) 只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。一般补只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。一般补助期是助期是6 6至至9 9个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。 As long as thelaid-offunemployed,regardless of whether thesavings

15、can apply.Generalgrantperiod is 6 to9 months,according to thedifferent statesthat may beextended.3、公共援助金、公共援助金(public assistance)(public assistance)3, public assistance (public assistance)3, public assistance (public assistance)专为低收入或无收入的失明者、老人、残障者及无收入的家庭专为低收入或无收入的失明者、老人、残障者及无收入的家庭而设。由州政府按各自生活条件发放，申

16、请者将接受调查以证而设。由州政府按各自生活条件发放，申请者将接受调查以证明有申领资格。明有申领资格。Designed forlowincome or noincomeand blind,elderly,disabled andnoincome families.Issued by the state government according totheirliving conditions,the applicant will be investigated toprove eligibility.4 4、孕妇与儿童福利、孕妇与儿童福利4, maternal and child welfare

17、4, maternal and child welfare为保护和增进孕妇及儿童的健康而设，并不分派现金，而是提为保护和增进孕妇及儿童的健康而设，并不分派现金，而是提供健康服务。供健康服务。For the protection andpromotion of maternal and child health,is notdistributable cash,but to providehealth services.社会安全法案是全国性的，为保障所有人的权益而设立。除公共社会安全法案是全国性的，为保障所有人的权益而设立。除公共援助金外，大部分福利措施是不论贫富人人皆得的。值得一提的援助金外，

18、大部分福利措施是不论贫富人人皆得的。值得一提的是，社安局规定，领取社会安全金的人员不一定要住在美国境内，是，社安局规定，领取社会安全金的人员不一定要住在美国境内，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。以方便生活在海外的退休人士。The socialsecurity actis a national,set up toprotect the interests of all.In addition to public assistance,the majority of welfaremeasures for all irrespective of whohave.It is worth mentioni

19、ng that,the provisions of the social security board,to receive social security payments forpersonnel do not live in theUSAterritory,in order to facilitatethe retirees living abroad.除了社会安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美国还有很多涉除了社会安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美国还有很多涉及生活、工作各个方面的社会福利，比较常见的有以下几类：及生活、工作各个方面的社会福利，比较常见的有以下几类：In additi

20、on to thewelfare policy,includingthesocial security act,there are a lot oflife,USArelates toall aspects of the workof social welfare,the more common arethe following categories:、工作保险、工作保险One, job securityOne, job security1 1、失业保险金、失业保险金 (unemployment Insurance) (unemployment Insurance)1, unemploymen

21、t insurance (unemployment Insurance)1, unemployment insurance (unemployment Insurance)失业保险金是一种保险制度。每月从受保人工资中扣除部分来投失业保险金是一种保险制度。每月从受保人工资中扣除部分来投保，受保人一旦失业即可获赔，获赔金额一般是原工资的一半。保，受保人一旦失业即可获赔，获赔金额一般是原工资的一半。Unemployment insuranceis aninsurance system.Monthlywagesfrom theinsuredtothe insured,once the insured

22、unemployment can be compensated,the amount awardedishalf of the originalsalary.2 2、工人赔偿金、工人赔偿金( Workers Compensation Program)( Workers Compensation Program)2, workers compensation (Worker s Compensation Program)2, workers compensation (Worker s Compensation Program)由雇主向州政府或保险公司投保，工人因工受伤即可申领。具体由雇主向州政

23、府或保险公司投保，工人因工受伤即可申领。具体赔偿金额和时期由雇主所交的保费多少而定，同时也能报销一定赔偿金额和时期由雇主所交的保费多少而定，同时也能报销一定的医疗费用。工人赔偿金非美籍人士亦可申请，且不会影响他日的医疗费用。工人赔偿金非美籍人士亦可申请，且不会影响他日转换身份或入籍。转换身份或入籍。二二、生活补助、生活补助 (Public Service for Low Income Persons)Two,living allowance(PublicServiceforLowIncomePersons) )1 1、粮食券、粮食券( Food Stamp)( Food Stamp)1, fo

24、od coupons (Food Stamp)1, food coupons (Food Stamp)美国联邦农业部拨款给州政府发放粮食券，只可换取美国出美国联邦农业部拨款给州政府发放粮食券，只可换取美国出产的农作物，不能换取金钱，以救济收入低微的家庭。不过产的农作物，不能换取金钱，以救济收入低微的家庭。不过该补助只限美国公民。该补助只限美国公民。Ministry of agriculture,the federalfundingfor the state governmentUSAissuedfood stamps,onlyin exchange forAmericanproduce,not

25、for money,to the relief oflow incomefamilies.But the benefit is limited to American citizens.、学校提供的廉价或免费膳食、学校提供的廉价或免费膳食(School Lunch Program)(School Lunch Program)2,2,the schoolprovidesacheaporfreediet(SchoolLunchProgram) )这是政府为保证学童的身体健康而设立的全国性营养膳食计划。非美籍这是政府为保证学童的身体健康而设立的全国性营养膳食计划。非美籍人士也可受益。人士也可受益。T

26、his isthe governmentset up toensure the health of school childrensnutrition diet plan.Non American people can also benefit.3 3、家居能源补助计划、家居能源补助计划(Home Energy Assistance Program)(Home Energy Assistance Program)3,3, Home FurnishingEnergy Assistance Program(HomeEnergyAssistanceProgram)专为低收入家庭减轻煤电费用而设，非美

27、籍人士也能享受。能源补助除专为低收入家庭减轻煤电费用而设，非美籍人士也能享受。能源补助除帮助支付煤电费外，还可代为修理暖炉、煤气管等相关暖气设备。帮助支付煤电费外，还可代为修理暖炉、煤气管等相关暖气设备。Designed for lowincome familiesto reducethe cost ofacoal,non Americanscan enjoy.Energy subsidiesin addition tohelp pay theelectricityfees,but alsotorepairthe stove,gas pipes and other related heatin

28、g equipment.4 4、廉价公共房屋、廉价公共房屋( (Public Low Income Housing)4,cheappublic housing(PublicLowIncomeHousing)三、三、. .医疗补助医疗补助Three,Medicaid.1、医药补助、医药补助(Medicaid)1,medicalassistance(Medicaid)不同于医疗保险，医药补助是一个保健计划，专为收入低微的家庭设立，可以同时享受不同于医疗保险，医药补助是一个保健计划，专为收入低微的家庭设立，可以同时享受医疗保险，但只限于美国公民。医疗保险，但只限于美国公民。Different from themedical insurance,medical benefits,is ahealth care plan,designed forlow incomefamiliesto set up,you can also enjo