柏柏尔海盗TheBarbaryPirates

1、柏柏尔海盗The Barbary PiratesThe Barbary Coast Consisted of four states: Morocco, Tripoli, Tunis, and Algieria Established by Barbarossa in the 16th century Pledged the states to the Ottoman EmpireCorsairsThe Barbary Corsairs were privateers who had been operating out of the Ottoman Empire since the Crus

2、adesThe leading Corsairs were SaracensWere Muslims, preyed exclusively upon ChristiansOperated out of several infamous ports including Algiers, Sale, Tripoli, and TunisFavored galleys that were fast and maneuverable in shallow waterUsed terror tactics to force merchant vessels to surrenderImportance

3、 As Muslims, they were sworn to oppose Christians Were created during the Crusades Took slaves rather than killed them Those who converted to Islam were treated as equals and avoided slavery Sanctioned by a governmentProtection MoneyThe Barbary States demanded annual tribute from seafaring nations (

4、tribute allowed their ships to sail unmolested across the Barbary Coast and to trade in African ports)By the 18th Century, most of the European powers paid tribute routinelyAfter 1783, America was no longer under protection from the pirates (through relationship to Britain)In the late 18th century,

5、the U.S. govt agreed to pay tribute to each of the pirate statesThe Great Debate Adams and Jefferson disagreed about how to handle the Corsairs Adams strongly favored paying off the pirates Jefferson vehemently disagreedThe First Barbary War In May 1801, both sides declared war An American squadron

6、chased the Corsairs back into the Mediterranean The squadron accomplished little: An unsuccessful blockade was enacted, with help from Sweden Encouraged Swedens active participation, mutual benefit Let the pirates know America would not tolerate them any longer America tried numerous ineffective ass

7、aults over the course of the next few yearsThe PhiladelphiaIn 1803, the American Frigate the Philadelphia pursued an enemy Xebec into an uncharted reefThe Philadelphia caught on a sandbar and was forced to an embarrassing surrenderAmerican Commodore Edwin Preble was forced to decide the best course

8、of actionHe ordered a raid, and Lieutenant Stephen Decatur successfully carried it outThis was the most effective victory by the Americans to date in the warA New Course of ActionThe United States opted to pit the Arabs against themselvesYusuf Karamanli was the Bashaw of Tripoli, but his brother, Ha

9、met, was the rightful owner to the throneHamet was convinced by the Americans to overthrow YusufAmerican marines and Hamets ragtag army marched hundreds of miles across the desert from EgyptThey successfully seized the city of DernaVictory! Yusuf was compelled to sign a peace treatyWars End? Peace w

10、as negotiated, though Yusuf was never overthrown The return of American prisoners was guaranteed Overall, not much really changed Only Tripoli made an agreement The other Barbary States werent bound by terms American vessels traded freely for about the next decade, until incidents with Algiers flare

11、dImportanceThe Barbary Wars prompted the U.S. to build a navyThe wars united the American armed forces (people fought as marines rather than Georgians and New Yorkers)Signaled the weakened status of the Barbary StatesProved that America could execute a war far from home (first real test of American

12、military power)Provided valuable military trainingMade the Americans overconfident in their abilities-War of 1812 The Second Barbary WarDuring the War of 1812, the pirate states increased their attacks on American shippingEnded swiftly (the American navy was much more seasoned after the war of 1812)Ended all tribute payments by the United States to pirate statesBy 1830 most European nations had followed suitImportanceTribute payments stopped because: Britain and Holland followed Americas lead and bombarded the Algerian fleets and fortifications French colonialism challenged American an