常用临床医学术语

1、常用临床医学术语diseases 疾病 acute diseases 急性病 advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases 慢性病 communicable diseases 传染病 complicating diseases 并发病 congenital diseases 先天性疾病 acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases接 触性传染病 endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病 functional diseases 机能病、官能病 infectious di

2、seases 传染病 inherited diseases 遗传病 malignant diseases 恶性病 nutritional diseases 营养病 occupation diseases 职业病 organic diseases 器质性病 paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病 periodical diseases 周期病 primary(principal)diseases 原发(主导)病 secondary diseases 继发病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病 terminal diseases 绝症 wasting

3、diseases消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉 clinical manifestation 临床表现 delivery history 分娩史 etiology病因学 family history 家族史 history, medical history 病史 precipitating(induced)诱因 marital status 婚姻状况 menstrual history 月经史 menarche 初潮 menopause 闭经 past history 既往史 pathogenesis发病机制 personal history 个人史 symptoms 症状 c

4、ardinal symptom 主要症状 classical symptom 典型症状 concomitant symptom 伴发症状 constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状 indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状 local symptom 局部症状 mental symptom 精神症状 symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症 候群 signs体征 antecedent 前驱征 assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遗症 sign

5、 of death 死征 diagnostic 诊断征 sign of disease 病征 subjective自觉征，主观征 vein sign静脉征 vital sign生命体征 body length (height of the body) 身高 body weight 体重 barrel chest 桶状胸 cachexia恶病质 compulsive position 被动体位 critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦 enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion睑内翻 exophthalmos眼球突出 flushed face面色潮红 gai

6、n (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重 lock-jaw牙关紧闭 lordosis脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动 nystagmus 眼震 obesity 肥胖 pallor苍白 scolisis脊柱侧凸 agitation焦急不安 debility, weakness 虚弱 diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo 眩晕 lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠 malaise 不适 night sweat 盗汗 numbness 麻木 rigor, chill寒冷，发冷 perspiration, sweatin

7、g 出汗 pruritus, itching 痒, somasthenia躯体无力 tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿 acidosis酸中毒 adhesion 粘连 alkalosis碱中毒 allergy 过敏 coagulation defect 凝血不良 congestion 充血 dehydration 脱水 distention 膨胀 edema水肿 embolism栓塞，栓塞形成 fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊舌L gangrene 坏疽 hematoma 血肿 hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarctio

8、n梗塞，梗死 infection 传染 inflammation 炎症 ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 metastasis 转移 perforation 穿孑L necrosis 坏死 shock休克 response反应，应答 reaction 反应，感应 thrombosis血栓形成 ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热 continuous fever 稽留热 intermittent fever 间歇热 low-grade fever 低热 remittent fever 驰张热 relapsing fever 回归热 pain 痛 burning p

9、ain 灼痛 chest（flank, ）pan （胁腹）痛 cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛 dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛 pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛 radiating pain （pain radiating to 放射性痛（放射 到疼痛）angina绞痛 cardiac angina 心绞痛 backache 背痛 colic绞痛，急腹痛 earache 耳痛 headache 头痛 neuralgia神经痛 migraine偏头痛 rebound tenderness 反跳痛 somatalgia 躯体痛 sore throat 咽喉痛 st

10、omachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛 bloody sputum带血的痰 cough咳嗽 dry cough 干咳 expectoration 咳痰 expectoration of blood 咳血 hemoptysis 咳血anoxia缺氧apnea呼吸暂停，窒息 asthma气喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸 dyspnea呼吸困难 hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度 hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表 hypoxia低氧，缺氧 orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arre

11、st 呼吸停止 suffocation 窒息 tachypnea呼吸急促 fetid breath 口臭 fruity breath呼吸有水果味arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全 cardiac arrest 心搏骤停 cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大 cyanosis发绀，青紫 distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张 extrasystole期外收缩 gallop rhythm 奔马律 hemopleura 血胸 hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流 hypovolemia（循环）血容量减

12、少palpitation 心悸 tachycardia心动过速 pneumothorax 气胸 thrill震颤 absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失 dull sound 浊音 hyperresonant 鼓音 rale啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音 wheeze哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食 dysphagia吞咽困难 eructation 暧气 belching 暧气 flatulence 气胀 flatus肠胃气，屁 gaseous distention 胃胀气 hematemesis 呕血 hicco

13、ugh, hiccup 打呃，呃逆 nausea恶心 pyrosis胃灼热 regurgitation 反胃，回流 thirsty 口渴 vomiting 呕吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂 ascites 腹水 board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹 decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱 exophageal varices食管静脉曲张 fistula痿，痿管 hemorrhoid 痔 hernia 疝 hepatomegaly 肝肿大 intussusception 肠

14、套叠 jaundice 黄疸 muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁 肌卫 peristalsis 蠕动 loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失 mass peristalsis 总蠕动 retrograde （reversed） peristalsis 逆蠕动 prolapse 脱垂 prolapse of anus 脱肛 rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛 volvulus肠扭转calculus结石， 石 biliary calculus 胆结石 vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipatio

15、n 便秘 defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻 incontinence of feces 大便失禁 hematochezia 便血 fecal impaction 大便嵌塞 occult blood 潜血 painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动 clay colored stools 陶土色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物 fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪 foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便

16、，脂肪痢 scanty and hard stools 便少而硬 tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感 dysurea排尿困难，尿痛 enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿 frequency of urination 尿频 micturation 排尿 uresis, urination, voiding 排尿 nocturia 夜尿 oliguria 少尿 polyuria 多尿 tenesmus里急后重 vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重 uremia coma

17、尿毒症昏迷 urgency of urination 尿急 urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿 chyluria乳糜尿 cylindruia 管型尿 glycosuria 糖尿 hematuria 血尿 ketonuria 酮尿 pneumatinuria 气尿 proteinuria 蛋白尿 pyuria脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经 dysmenorrhea 痛经 menorrhagia月经过多 lochia恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多 menstruation 月经 uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch斑点 b

18、ruise挫伤，青肿 acne痤疮，粉刺 desquamation 脱皮，脱屑 ecchymosis 瘀斑 loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈 nevus 痣 papule丘疹 petechia瘀点，瘀斑 pigmentation色素沉着 pustule 脓疱 purpura 紫癫 red nodule红结节 roseola玫瑰疹 scar伤疤 senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣 subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节 urticaria荨麻疹 vesicle小水疱 vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明 blurred

19、vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊 impaired vision 视力下降 lacrimation 流泪 papilledema视神经乳头水肿 photophobia 畏光，羞明 retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋 hearing loss听力丧失 tinnitus 耳鸣 epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血 impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍 nasal discharge 鼻涕 nasal obstruction 鼻塞 sneeze喷嚏 snore打鼾 aphonia, loss of voic

20、e 失音症 hoarseness 嘶哑 gum bleeding齿龈出血 herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮 Koplik s spo科普利克斑 lead line of the gum 龈铅线 salivation, drooling 流口水 straw-berry tongue 草莓舌 tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩 contracture 挛缩 deformity 畸形，变形 dislocation 脱位 fracture 骨折 closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折 comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨

21、折 compound fracture 哆开(开放性)骨折 knock-knee 膝外翻 opisthotonos 角弓反张 prosthesis 假体 spasm痉挛 tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦 wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语 ataxia共济失调 coma昏迷 consciousness 知觉，意识 convulsion抽搐，惊厥 delirium 谵妄 delusion 妄想 faint昏厥 hallucination 幻觉 hemiplegia 偏瘫 increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高 insanity精神错乱 loss

22、 of orientation 定向丧失 mania躁狂 memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症palliative treatment, alleviative treatment physical therapy 物理疗法 psychotherapy 精神疗法 radical treatment 根治 radio-therapy放射性疗法 supporting treatment 支持疗法 symptomatic treatment 对症疗法 cardiac massage 心脏按摩 cardiac pacing 心脏起博 electrotherapy 电疗法 e

23、lectroshock treatment 电休克疗法 hemodialysis血液透析 hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法 insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法 light therapy 光疗法 therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育姑息疗法paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹 projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐 somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡 stupor木僵，昏呆 tetraplegia四肢瘫痪 unconsciousness 失去知觉 yawning打哈欠crisis危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic,)crisis脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒)危象failure衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、 呼吸)衰竭diagnosis 诊断 auscultation 听诊 inspection 视诊 palpation 触诊 percussion 叩诊 la