k客土喷播植草绿化施工方案

1、ocusing on ways and means of improving and upgrading work, further development of three to split. (a) fully grasp no unauthorised created. the township no unauthorised created the existing building one household, one document survey and file storage work must be unconditional and full coverage. main

2、 corridor leading to the town (road, river) village, the central built-up area of the town on both sides must be to create a no unauthorised village. according to five hundred villages created and shanty towns, villages, old houses, reconstruction of old plant, expand create, upgrading creates files

3、, the real no unauthorised village created into the benefit of the people of very good thing. (b) to strictly manage count as unauthorised controls. promoting the new control work to move the center of gravity, management measures to the front, and earnestly pipes effectively. a strict new unauthori

4、sed network responsibility. sectors such as land, housing and basic stations (stations) and the township of grid accountability mechanisms must be strictly in accordance with the new regulatory requirements, effective implementation of the area of responsibility of the new inspections, suppression,

5、demolition work to ensure that the new zero tolerance. second, public security, water, electricity, water, oceans and fisheries, tourism collaboration, market supervision departments should strictly enforce the illegal construction of disposal of relevant provisions of the regulations, effective ful

6、filment of responsibilities, particularly in electricity and water supply, and other units may not be new illegal buildings to supply water and electricity supply. while more regulation to prevent personal privacy violations. illicit trading in illegal construction in the ministry of public security

7、 sector to strictly from the blow. three is to create additional offence reporting system of incentives. according to building law and covers an area of nature, to report timely degree divided report grade, effective after the removal of certain incentives. (c) integrated implementation , building d

8、emolition, modification, use combination. demolition is the means and purpose built is. to adhere to the building demolished, combination of construction and demolition waste, demolished with combined efforts to improve the scientific level of three to split; second, we must pay attention to three t

9、o split and five hundred and five water treatment, three of the four sides, the shackdistrict transformation, and dangerous old room transformation and two road sides, series work organic combined up, active do river, and along demolition work, and manpower advance village in the, and old residentia

10、l demolition work, to improved masses housing conditions and live environment; three to put three modified a split as traditional low, and small, and bulk industry structure transformation upgrade of important initiatives to caught, speed up advance industry park, effective optimization park environ

11、ment客土喷播植草绿化施工方案编制单位：编制时间： 年 月 日客土喷播植草绿化施工方案一、工程概况紫荆山风电场工程项目位于湖南怀化市溆浦县，气候属中亚热带季风气候区，四季分明，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，光热资源丰富，雨量充沛，且雨热同步，对农作物生长有利：气温1月最冷，平均气温4.75.3摄氏度，7月最热，月均气温26.328.4摄氏度，年均无霜期为287天；平均降雨量为11601450毫米之间。项目边坡地质情况为山区道路半路堑半填方路堤和原山体次坚石，根据地质情况及怀化地区气候情况，采用喷播植草绿色防护边坡。使该工程尽可能达到保护自然环境和防灾减灾功能，以实现营造富有季节色彩变化的坡面自然景观。

12、二、客土喷播绿化特点客土喷播绿化是90年代末从国外引进我国的一种新型绿化技术。是将草种复合肥料、菜枯、锯木屑、保水剂、土壤、有机物、粘合剂等混合物充分混合后，通过水浆喷射机按设计厚度均匀喷至防护坡面，以达到景观近似自然绿化目的。具有如下优点：1）施工工艺简单，施工方便，施工速度快，工期短；2）防护效果好，植株成活率高。3）适用性广。4）工程造价低。三、客土喷播方法的选择：根据当地的气温，降雨量及坡率比、岩石的硬度等因素，采用“锚杆注浆+挂机编热镀锌网+客土+喷草”以增大生长发育基础与坡体的连接性。选择适合的草种配合比，改善绿色植物的生长发育环境和促进目标树种生长的双重功能，以确保喷射效果和质量

13、。客土喷播材料中包括植物种子、有机营养泥炭土、土壤改良剂、稳定剂、微生物菌剂、肥料等。四、客土喷播施工1）施工准备1、选择适合于当地气候条件、易于生长的草种。混合草种应试验其萌芽情况，其纯度和萌芽率均应达到90%以上。灌木种子为林木或绿化种子，其发芽率、纯度、生活力、优良度应不低于相应国家标准规定的种子质量三级要求。本项目草灌种籽配合比详见表-1。草灌种籽配合比表 表-1草种、灌木种配合比比全播种量3.571%g/狗牙根28.68高羊茅35.710多花木兰35.7102、土壤应为人工筛选松散的、具有透水性并含有有机物质的土壤，利于植物生长，不应含有盐、碱土，且无有害物质以及大于20mm的石块、

14、棍棒、垃圾等。在施工中首选路基的清表土，其次为弃方土，严禁破坏路基范围之外植被体系。3、肥料应优先使用经过沤制的农家肥。使用化肥时，应为标准农田化肥并按袋装提供，如鸡粪、菜枯和复合肥满足gb15063-2001规定。一般为npk16:16:16复合肥。4、水应无油、酸、碱、盐或其它对植物生长有害的物质，并应符合农田灌溉水质标准（gb5084-1992）的要求。5、工人自上而下清除表面的石块，垃圾、杂草及有害物质。为增强草种的附着力，工人沿坡面水平向开挖一定深度的沟槽，沟槽可为种植土停留保持水肥效果。6、进场的水泥、砂、钢筋等原材料需检验合格并经监理验收合格后使用。2）锚杆施工工人按水平间距1m

15、和顺坡间距1m要求进行锚杆定位。锚杆长度分别为0.5m和2m及带钩锚杆1.9m竖排第一排从边沟边缘沿坡面向上1m为第一排孔，锚杆长度为0.5m；从边沟边缘沿坡面向上2m为第二扰孔，锚杆长度为2 m；竖排第二排从边沟边缘沿坡面第向上1m为1.9m锚杆。锚杆的布置依次类推。工人用风钻配5cm的钻头进行成孔，孔深为0.5m与2m最顶部与马路边平行为2m，工人在进行成孔时要保证孔的中线45c垂直于坡面。工人用水将孔内的土冲洗干净，放入的锚固钢筋。主锚杆、辅锚杆锚固筋的端头外露于坡面10cm，带钩铺锚杆锚固筋的端头外露于坡面20cm。工人用机械将m30水泥砂浆灌入孔内，每灌入30cm，用钢筋进行捣实，直

16、到砂浆面到坡面位置。锚杆的作用为增强边坡的抗剪力增强边坡的整体稳定性，减少边坡滑塌的病害。3）机编热镀锌网施工工人自上而下进行机编热镀锌网的施工。机编热镀锌网的顶部埋入坡顶以下15cm，水平方向搭接10cm，边坡两端边缘卷边10cm。底部埋入边沟边缘以下15cm。工人在进行机编热镀锌网施工同时将0.9m辅锚杆锚固钢筋外露端从中间位置回折以便将植被网固定。机编热镀锌网施工后确保坚贴坡面。4）湿润坡面坡面在喷播前需充分洒水1-2次保持坡面湿润，渗透深度不得小于15cm，待土壤“收汗”后进行喷播。5）测量控制客土喷播施工（1）桩号与面积以及用土量与材料复核。（2）工人首先将车载水浆机开至合适的位置，

17、然后将装载机开在喷射机附近，确保卸料时直接进入喷射机的料斗。工人在土场将土壤挖碎，并过20mm的筛子，防止大颗粒进入水浆喷播机造成堵管现象发生。工人利用自卸车将筛选好的土壤运至施工地点，卸载彩条布上，防止污染路面层。工人利用铲车将土壤铲入水浆喷播机机的料斗，同时放入草籽、有机肥、速效肥、长效肥、泥浆土和黏合剂。加土前先用水车将水浆喷播机加入8m3水每车。土壤配合比（质量）土有机肥泥炭土速效肥长效肥保水剂粘合剂水6410.000.20.20.30.325水浆喷播机将喷射混合材料装入水浆机内搅拌均匀。最后起动喷射机离合器。喷射手打开倒顺阀自上而下进行客土的喷播作业。喷射手根据喷射机的压力挡位和坡面

18、的地质情况选择合理的喷射角度和喷射距离，保证客土能够粘在坡面上不离不散。分3次喷射作业，先2次喷射基层7-9cm不含种子混合土壤，再喷射表层1-3cm含种子混合土壤。苗木：选购符合要求、健壮无病虫害的苗木。杉木宜采用1年生以上播种苗，要求苗高30cm；马尾松采用2年以上播种苗，要求苗高100cm；杜鹃要求采用1年生以上扦插苗，要求苗高30cm；山茶宜采用2年以上嫁接苗，要求苗高30cm。6）养护喷播后及进覆盖无纺布。无纺布的作用如下：1、减少太阳的直射，从而降低水分的蒸发速度。2、下雨时防止表面形成汇流，冲流坡面。根据天气情况及时对坡面进行喷水养护，保证草种出苗前及水苗生长阶段始终保持坡面湿润

19、。喷水养护时应用水浆喷播进行雾化洒水，严禁用水龙头直接喷泉洒，防止水量过大造成客土和草种地冲刷。7）栽植后的养护管理病虫害的防治：要做到以防为主，不能预防的，发现后要及进整治。补播：对死亡、损坏严重工的灌木苗和草，要适时补种和补喷同规格同品的植物。各种材人工筛土汽、水车挖机水浆喷播喷枪边坡高压管四、材料与设备本边坡客土喷播需要的主要材料为草灌种、有机肥、速效肥、长效肥、保水剂、粘合剂、机编热镀锌网和钢筋等。本边坡客土喷播需要的主要机械和设备如下：机具名称单位数量备注水浆喷播机台2载机汽车台2柴油发电机台230kw空气压缩机台2100m3/min钻机台4洒水车辆2挖机台2高压水泵台4注：本表中机

20、械和设备的数量取决于工程数量和工作面。五、质量控制1）检查标准1、灌、草的坡面综合绿化覆盖率不低于95%。2、每百平米点播成活的灌木数量不低于100株。3、客土厚度不小于设计要求。4、发芽成坪覆盖率97%。2）技术措施1、加强技术交底。我单位通过严格和详细的技术交底使各工种对工作都做到心中有数，使所有施工人员做到施工内容清，工艺方清清，质量目标清，将惩考核标准清。2、进行坡面整理，对于土质、整平坑挖地捡除石块、石砾和建筑垃圾排除险石等并对条件较差坡面，采取土壤改良措施，有利于草籽生根发芽，便于挂网使坡面平整、美观。3、路肩边缘做排水沟，有利于道路上的水不流入边坡，保护客土喷草不受流水冲刷，边坡

21、宜20米做急流糟，保护边坡稳定不滑坡，喷草不流失。4、为保证草藻种籽具有足够的养分和水分，客土的喷播厚度应符合设计要求。5、草灌种籽与土壤一起搅拌，使种籽均匀分布于整个喷播层，严禁首先喷播客土，然后表层喷播草灌种籽的做法，以免降低草灌种籽的成活率。3）施工控制重点：草灌种籽的发芽率，每批都要进行发芽率试验。机编镀锌网的固定，严格进行锚杆吱注浆施工。客土喷播的厚度，用钢钎随机抽查厚度，确保不小于设计要求。前期的养护，确保坡面湿润。六、管理措施1）工程质量“三检”制度。我单位为确保工程的每一个环节特别是重点部位、关键工序得到有效的控制，严格执行“自检、互检、专检”的控制，且签字齐全。2）按“pcd

22、a”管理模式对客土喷播植草绿化的质量采取动态管理。3）我单位成立质检料，全面负责客土喷播植草绿化工程质量的实施工管理工作。各作业班组设专职质检员，切实做好质量管理工作，以工作质量保工程质量，以分项工程质量保分部工程质量，以分部工程质量保整个标段的总体工程质量。4）加强原材料的检测工作，不合格的材料坚决不能用于工程实体。七、安全措施客土喷播植草绿化是一项高边坡作业工程。客土喷播植草绿化施工中我单位树立了“安全第一，预防为主”和“生产必须安全，安全促进生产”的思想，在工作中把生产和安全看成是一个完整的概念。安全管理方面我单位坚持的原则如下：管生产同时管安全的责任制原则，预防为主的原则。坚持动态管理

23、原则，安全管理重在控制原则，系统性原则，成立安全管理小组，设置专职安全员对现场进行专项检查。1）对工人进行安全培训，使其掌握安全防护用品的正确使用方法。2）机械操作人员在工作中不得擅离岗位，不得将机械交给无本机种操作证的人员操作。操作人员必须严格执行工作前的检查制度和工作中注意观察及工作后的检查保养制度。3）所有进入施工现场的人员必须佩带安全帽。4）登高作业人员必须正确使用安全带和安全绳。安全绳要有足够的强度，并应将安全绳牢系在坡顶的固定桩上，安全桩要有防止安全绳滑脱的措施。5）做好安全用电管理。普及工人的安全用电知识。施工用电应实行三级配电。施工用电配电箱开关箱血装设在干燥通风无外来物体撞击

24、的地方，其周围应有足够二人同时工作的空间和通道。施工用电开关箱应实行“一机一闸”制，不得设置分路开关。施工用电配电箱开关箱中应装设电源隔离开关短路保护器、过载保护器，其额定值和动作整定值应与其负荷相适应。总配电箱开关柜中还应装设漏电保护器。6）登高作业人员：年满18岁，经体格检查合格后方可从事高空作业。凡患有高血压、心脏病、癫痫病、精神病和其它不适于高空作业的人，禁止登高作业。7）遇六级以上大风时，禁止露天进行高空作业。8）工人严禁上下同时垂直作业。若特殊情况必须垂直作业，应经有关领导批准，并在上下两层设备专用的防护棚或者其他隔离设施。9）工作严禁坐在高空无遮栏处休息，防止坠落。10）高空作业

25、所用的工具、零件、材料等必须装入工具袋。上下时手中不得拿物件，并必须从指定的培线上下，不得在高空投掷材料或工具等物；11）在醒目且合理的位置设置安全警示标志。八、环保措施我单位严格执行环境管理体（iso14001）的文件要求，遵照和执行的国家和地方（行业）有关环境保护法规中所要求的环保指标，加强文明施工管理。加强对环境保护的宣传，使每位职工都有保护环境的意识，自觉做到建设一方，建好一方，保护一方。1）噪音控制1、对使用的工程机械和运输车辆加强维修保养，防止跑冒滴漏，提高尾气排放标准，降低运行噪音。2、对空压机和发电机采取隔音措施，降低运行噪音。2）粉尘控制1、土场进行土壤粉碎时进行洒水降尘。加

26、工好的土壤，堆放整齐进行覆盖。2、施工机械经过的道路，要随时进行洒水抑尘。3、对机械进行维修，防止带病作业产生烟尘。4、施工过程中产生的垃圾应该分类处理，不能随意丢弃。5、施工期间，施工物料应堆放整齐，防止雨季或暴雨将物料随雨水径流排入地表及附近水域造成污染。以上资料施工方案仅供参考，具体实施以现场实际情况及施工条件而定。to produce white smoke, so twice, cold. cold solution moves into the 50ml or 100ml in the bottle, washed nitrogen bottle wash solution int

27、o the volumetric flask, cool, such as water to the scale, and mix. sizing 10ml 1g a solution of the specimen, sulfate 1ml. get and digest the samples the same amount of nitric acid a mixture of perchlorate with sulfuric acid, by the same method of reagent blank. 12.1.2 vegetable, fruit, weighing 250

28、0g or 50.00g wash in a homogenate samples placed in a 250ml500ml nitrogen bottles, adding seed glass beads, 10ml15ml, nitric acid a mixture of perchlorate, according to 12.1.1 place for a moment . . action according to law, but a constant volume of solution after each 10ml 5g sample, sulfate . 12.1.

29、4 containing alcohol sex beverage or containing carbon dioxide beverage: draw 10.00ml or 20.00ml sample, placed 250ml500ml set nitrogen bottle in the, addend grain glass beads, first with fire heating removed ethanol or carbon dioxide, again added 5ml1oml nitric acid-perchlorate mixed liquid, mixed

30、uniform hou, following by 12.1.1 since placed moments. up law operation, but set capacity hou of solution each 10ml equivalent to 2ml sample. 12.1.5 foods high in sugar content: weighing 5.00g or 10.0g specimens placed in the 250ml500ml nitrogen bottle, add a little water to wet, the augend seed gla

31、ss beads, 5ml10ml, nitric-perchloric acid after mixing, shake well. slowly add 5ml or 10ml sulfate, after treating the ease stops foaming, low heat, slowly heating (sugar easy charring), continue along the wall added nitric-perchloric acidand improve idle land of utilization, real achieved environme

32、nt improved and productivity development mutual promoting total win. five, firmly implement, promoting work ahead, to create highlights. third deployment, implementation of seven, then it is imperative to strengthen responsibility and improve the mechanisms and implementation. all localities and dep

33、artments must be convinced that goals, going all out, mustering spirit, work together to ensure that this years objectives carry out tasks, at the forefront. first, we must strengthen the leadership to implement. departments at all levels should always work and rural five water treatment, three to s

34、plit in an important position, and carry the main responsibility, main leader personally, leaders arrested and layers of responsibility rank transmission pressure established hierarchical accountability, and work together to promote the work of the mechanism, a concerted effort pay attention to impl

35、ementation. county nongban, flood, three to one down to further play a leading catch total, integrated and coordinated role of all kinds is long, sheriff inspector to effectively fulfill their responsibilities, formed the alignment on the fire line and management a lively situation. second, we must

36、strengthen the test implementation of the governor. role play the governor got the baton, for agricultural and rural focus and five water treatment, three to split work, refine improve assessment methods and evaluation system, accurate assessment. combined with dare play, tree benchmark style building five major operations, carry on and gain firsthand experience of supervision, in particular, to strengthen the focus on the long signs go left, names such as supervision, urged al