(完整word版)现在完成时整理归纳

1、现在完成时讲解部分现在完成时的构成：助动词have（ has） + 过去分词1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服 ”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了 ”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already （ ”已经 ” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never( “从不 ” 用于中间处 ) ever （ ”曾经 ” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） just ( “刚 刚 ” 用于中间处 ) yet ( “已经 ” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还 ” 用于否定句的末尾处 )或不加任何

2、的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.1. 现在完成时的 完成用法 A 、定义 现在完成时的 完成用法 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束但该动作对现在产生了影响与现在情况具有因果关系。例如 He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。( 动作结束于过去但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)B、特点现在完成时 完成用法 的特点是动作不延续因此该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 (如 already yet beforer ecently 等 )、频度时间状语 (如 never ever once 等 )、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 (如 this mornin

3、g/ month /year.today 等) 连用。例如Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2. 现在完成时的 未完成用法 3.A 、定义 现在完成时的 未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去。4.例如 He has lived here since 1978. 自从 1978 年以来他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于 1978年一直住到现在可能还要继续住下去。)5.I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于 5 年前一直延续至今有可能

4、还要继续下去。)6.B、特点此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由 since 或 for 引导 )或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如up to now=so far 到目前为止 )等。例如I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如comegoarriveleavejoinbecome 等。现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作

5、发生的时间在过去。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我 “现在已经不在这儿任教了）11. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的

6、事情不强调对 现在 产生的影响。如 He visited Guilinin 1998.他 1998 年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)3. 两种时态的区分(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是 助动词have /has +过去分词 。如The film started at 7 oclockHe. has been a teacher for many year

7、s.(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week, two years ago,just now, in 2002 等 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, since., for. 等表示一段时间的状语连用。have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区别一、 have(has) been in 表示 “在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for, how long等。例如：Mr.

8、Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have beenhere (there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave beenhere (there) / abroad(国外 )二、 have(has)been to 表示 “曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never 等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wa

9、ll. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。三、 have(has) gone to 意为 “到某地去了 ”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如： -Where is Tom?-He ha

10、s gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克 .约翰逊到伦敦去了。现在完成时练习部分用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _(see) it last week.2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet .3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ?-Yes, I _ (be) there twice .4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate ?-No

11、, never.5.My father _ just _ (come) back from work. Heis tired now.6.Where Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teacher s office.27.Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it _(become) alarge city.8.So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.9.- I _ (see) the film“ Chicken Run” .- Where and when

12、 _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 10. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper.11. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We_ (see) it last Sunday.12. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet?-Yes, he_.-When _ he _ it? - Yesterday.13. _ you _ (read) today s newspaper yet?14 They _ already_(d

13、o) their homework. But they don t know what_ (do)next.15. -_ you _ (see) the film last night?-No, I _ (see) it for several times.请尝试着做以下的练习1. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.2. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here?- For two weeks.3. She _ (be) ill for three days.4. She_ (not read) this b

14、ook before.5. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before?6. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet?-Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now.7. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years.8. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China.11. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is t

15、ired now.现在完成时态练习一写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词repairbebeginpayrunsendcutcatchmovefeelgeteatholdhurtlearnleavelosewinunderstandthrowswimsleepstudysingtakewearlay二用所给动词的适当形式填空5. - I _ (see) the film“ Chicken Run” last week.3- Where _ you _ (see) it?6. We _ (hold) a sports meeting next week.11. What _he _ (do) at

16、8:00 last night?12. Mum_ (cook) when I got home yesterday.13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We_ (see) it last Sunday.14. The teacher told us that the earth_ (travel) around the sun.15._you _ (read) today s newspaper? yet16.They _already_ (do) their homework.17.- Where

17、 is Jim?- He _ (water) the flowers in the garden.19. A squirrel( 松鼠 )_ (hide) itself if it_ (feel) dangerous.20.-What_Tom_ (do) now?-He _ (work) on a maths problem.- _He_ (work) it out?-No, not yet. I _(think) he _ (work) it out soon.21. - I_ (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently.- Next t

18、ime you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.22. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper.23. If hunters catch a giant panda, they_ (kill) it for its fur.24. My father_ (walk) to school from time to time.25. -Why are you late again?- Sorry, I_ (not be) late next time.26. - A man named Wang Hao_ (call) y

19、ou twice just now.- He is one of my old friends. I_ (not meet) him since I left for Hong Kong.27. My parents _ (return) today. Don t forget to meet them at the airport.28. -_Uncle Wang _ (repair) the TV yet?-Yes, he_.-When _ he _(repair) it?- Yesterday.29. - I m hungry Mum.-Hungry? You _just _ (eat)

20、 four hamburgers.30. -_you _(be) to Beijing?-Yes, I _already _(be) there twice.三翻译句子1. 他自从去了美国以后就没给我写过信。He_since_2. 我们足够幸运，可以看见国家的变化。We are _to see_with our eyes.3. 我原来居住的地方已变成了一个购物中心。The place I used to live in_4. 我不能像以前那样经常看到他们。I can t see them _5. 这家工厂过去常常把废弃物倒进河里。This factory _ into the river.4一

21、、动词填空。1. She _ (be) away from home for almost four years.2. The sun _ (rise ) in the east.3. You look tired. Stop _(work) and _( have) a rest.4. I _ ( not hear) from you for a long time.5. My brother _(be ) to England twice.6. Mr Green _(not come) back to China yet.7. Who _(teach ) you math last ter

22、m?8. They _(go) to the shopping center already.9. Listen, Xiao Li _ (sing) in the next room.10. They _(play) football when I walked past.二、句型转换 (每空一词 ) 。1. I have been to Macau before.( 改为否定句 )I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasn t come to schoolbecause he. s( 就ill划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?3.He h

23、as learned English for 5 years.( 就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ learned English ?4.I bought a new bike just now.( 用 just 改写 )I _ just _ a new bike.5.We began to learn English three years ago.( 改为同义句 )We _ _English _three years6. He has lived here since 1999.( 就划线部分提问 )_ _ _ he_ here?7. They have already finished t

24、he work. 变否定They _ _ the work _.8. My father got there two days ago.同义句My father _ _ there for two days.9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.同义句Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999.10.They have cleaned the room twice this week. ( 就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ they _ the room this week?1

25、1. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005.同义句My father _ _ _ England _.选择题1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years.A. joinedB. be inC. been inD. joined in2. We have been friends since _.A. childrenB. five yearsC. five years agoD. five years before53. Mike _ the story book for a month.A. has boughtB

26、. has hadC. had hadD. has borrowed4. You _ that question three times.A. already askedB. have already askedC. already have askedD. asked already5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _.A. since last weekB. a week agoC. for a weekD. since a week ago6. I _ at this school for two years.A. am studyingB.

27、 studyC. studiedD. have studied7. They _ in the city since last summer.A. liveB. didn t live C. have livedD. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992.A. sinceB. fromC. afterD. in9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to10. His father _ for

28、years.A. has diedB. has been deadC. diedD. dies11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. won t go, saw B. won t go, will seeC. won t go, has seenD. didno,t gsees12.- Would you like some more food?-Thank you. I _ enough.A. will haveB. have hadC. haveD. had13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a

29、 beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, wasB. Have, been to, isC. Had, been to, isD. Have, gone to, is14. -_ you _ to Beijing?-No, I _.I _ there early next month.A. Have, been, haven t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven t, wasing goD. Did, go, didn t, was going15. Your sister _

30、 to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months.A. has been, has beenB. will go, has goneC. gone, will beD. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago.A. boughtB. boughtC. boughtD. has bought17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai.A. has gone toB

31、. has been toC. went toD. goes to18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music.A. finishesB. has finishedC. finishD. is finishing19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months.6A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member?- Yes, he _ the party th

32、ree years ago. He _ a Party member for three years.A. joined; has beenB. has joined; has beenC. was joined; isD. joined; was21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it?-Just five weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now.A. borrowedB.

33、 have borrowedC. keptD. have kept23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time?- -Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; beenB. Have; beenC. Has; joinedD. Have; joined24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months.A. come backB. returnedC. go backD. been back25. I _ this book for

34、half a year.A. have boughtB. have hadC. boughtD . had26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _for a year.A. has leftB. has goneC. has been awayD. has gone away27. - _ you_ your homework yet?-Yes, I _ it just now.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedD.

35、Will; do; finish28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year.A. happenB. happenedC. has happenedD. have happened29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month.A. ForB. UntilC. BeforeD. Since30. He _ a cold for three days.A. has caughtB. has hadC. has gotD. caught31. Jim Green _

36、in China for two years.A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came32. The film _ for half an hour.A. has been onB. has begunC. hasn t begun D. began33. Where have you _ these days? I haveto Beijing with my friends.A. beengoneB. beenbeenC. gonebeenD. gonegone34How long have you _ this bookA. bough

37、tB.borrowedC. hadD.lent35. We have lived here _ five years agoA. whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after36 I have watched the game. When _you _ it ?A.havewatchedB.dowatch7C.didwatchD.willwatch37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black? OhI _ such a beautiful city.Adon tisitvBdidn t visitChaven t visited Dhadn t visite

38、d38Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice.Ahave beenBhas beenChave goneDhas gone39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_ he came to YunnanAafterBbeforeCsinceDfor40.His grandpa _ for two years.A.was diedB.has been deadC.was deadD.has died练习：I 翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4.

39、他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。8. 在 1992 年他住在这里。II 用过去时或现在完成时填空：1.“ _ you _ (have) lunch ?“ Yes”.”“ When _ you _ (have) it?“ I”(have) it at 12:00.”2.“ _ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“ Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3.“ _ he _ (finish) his homework?“ Not yet”.”4.“

40、_ they ever _ (be) abroad?“ Yes,”just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.810. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11.“

41、_ you _ (buy) a dictionary?“ Yes, I“.”“ Where _ you _ (buy) it? ” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore. ”“ When _ you _ (buy) it?“ Yesterday”. ”练习：用 since 和 for 填空1)_ two years2)_ two years ago3)_ last month4)_ 19995)_ yesterday6)_ 4 o clock7)_ 4 hours8)_ an hour ago9)_ we were children10) _ lunch time11)

42、_ she left here用 since 和 for 填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. I ve known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. It s about ten years _ she left the city.2.短暂性转换延续性 arrive at/in sw. get to/

43、reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since_ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since

44、_ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.92) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die