科技英文写作的要领ppt课件

1、科技英文科技英文 寫作寫作 的的 要領要領董董 崇崇 選選中山醫學大學應用外語系教授中山醫學大學應用外語系教授懂更懂學習英文網站負責人懂更懂學習英文網站負責人.tw引言: Introduction A.科技英文寫作的英譯是： 1. Science Skill English Writing 2. Science Technology English Writing 3. Science and Technology English Writing 4. Scientific Technological English Writing 5. Scientific an

2、d Technological English Writing 6. Academic English WritingA.科技英文寫作的英譯是：7. Technical English Writing8. Writing Technical English9. Writing Science and Technology English10. Writing English of Science and Technology11. Writing English for Science and Technology12. Writing Scientific and Technological

3、 English引言：Introduction B. 何者為科技英文？ 1. For health one should drink pure water, not alcohol. 2. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 3. The conclusion Einstein arrived at was the equation: E = MC2. 4. The word “morphemes contains three morphemes: two bound morphemes (“morph-“ and “-eme) and one

4、free morpheme (“-s). 5. Concerning the origin of knowledge, rationalists believe in innate or a priori truths while empiricists claim that all knowledge springs from sense perception or experience. B. 何者為科技英文？6. Marx and Engels formulated the principles of dialectic materialism. They maintained that

5、 economic structure is the basis of history, and determines all the social, political, and intellectual aspects of life.7. We found calcium levels to be decreased by RA and D3 but increased when AG1296 was given in addition to RA or D3.8. Quantum of Solace is the 22nd James Bond film by EON Producti

6、ons, released in the UK on 31 October 2021.9. Quantum phenomena are particularly relevant in systems whose dimensions are close to the atomic scale, such as molecules, atoms, electrons, protons and other subatomic particles.10. The aerostructures are for horizontal stabilizers, engine nacelles, fan

7、cowls, etc.C. 誰最適合教科技英文? 1.科技學門的教師？ 2.英文科系的教師？ D. 科技英文術語 如何習得？ 1.由科技教師 2.由科技教材 3.由科技刊物 4.課堂內與課堂外E. 普通 英文用語 如何習得？ 1. 运用英文者 (師友、他人) 2. 英文教材、教學節目 3. 英文報章、刊物、廣告、包裝 4. 英文廣播、電視節目、網路 F. 科技人 寫英文 的 困難 1. 詞彙不夠 2. 語法不明 3. 知識背景問題 4. 練習機會太少 Learn to write by reading & knowing ones own problems. G. 華人寫英文的錯誤 1. 用字

8、不精確 2. 不合語法 (時態、冠詞、介詞等) 3. 照中文習慣翻譯 I have prepared some disserts for you. You cannot compare apples and oranges. No drinks and food in class.H. 科技英文 有不同語法嗎？ 1. estrogen receptor alpha 或 the estrogen receptor alpha (Room 10 或 the Room 10) 2. As a transcriptional regulator, p53 is . 或 As transcription

9、al regulator, p53 is . (as a professor 或 as professor; as president 或 as a president) 3. P53 is capable of activating various target genes. 或 P53 is capable of the activating of various target genes. 或 P53 is capable of activation of various target genes. 4. Here, we report that ERalpha inhibited .

10、或 Here, we report that ERalpha inhibits . (. that the earth rotates 或 rotated) 5. . in diverse biological processes, such as apoptosis. 或 . in diverse biological process, such as the apoptosis. 6. p53-mediating transcriptional repression. 或 p53-mediated transcriptional repression. (a snake-biting pe

11、rson 或 snake-bitten person; a snake-biting bird 或 snake-bitten bird)The Structure of a Thesis or Paper A doctorate dissertation, an MS thesis, a term paper, a journal paper, a conference paper, etc.each has its required length, format, and content. Before writing, you need to know the type of work y

12、ou are writing and the required length, format, and content of the work. 1. Title 2. Abstract 3. Key words and phrases 4. The Main Body of the Text 5. Notes 6. Bibliography (References)7. Appendix or AppendicesThe Main Body of the Text1. Introduction2. Review of literature3. Material(s)4. Method(s)5

13、. Work done (in lab and/or elsewhere)6. Result(s) or finding(s)7. Discussion8. Conclusion(s) and suggestion(s)Two Ways of Writing the TitleA. Sentence (Subject + Predicate):1. Dietary Vitamin E and Selenium Significantly Prevent the Contagion of Bird Flu2. Dietary vitamin E and selenium significantl

14、y prevent the contagion of bird flueB. Phrase (Noun and Modifiers):1. (A) Numerical Investigation into the Effectiveness of Multi- Element Pressure Screen Rotor Foils 2. A numerical investigation into the effectiveness of multi-element pressure screen rotor foils.3. (The) Cyclic Behavior and Seismic

15、 Design of Bolted Flange Plate Steel Moment Connections4. (The) Effects of Dietary Vitamin E and Selenium on the Prevention of Bird FluPresent or Past Tense? 1. The purpose of this paper (is, was) to (thesis, dissertation, report, article) 2. The purpose of this research (is, was) (study, investigat

16、ion, analysis, survey, inquiry, experiment) 3. The . method (is, was) used in the process. 4. Participants (are, were) five graduate students. 5. The researchers (design, designed) their own instrument for the experiment. Present or Past Tense? 6. The present study (investigates, investigated) 7. Th

17、e study also (finds, found) that 8. The findings (或 results) (reveal, revealed) that 9. With the findings, we (conclude, concluded) that (suggest/suggested, propose/proposed) 10. Based on the results, two implications (can, could) be thought of as helpful to (conclusions, applications, suggestions,

18、proposals, recommendations) 11. We (hope, hoped) that in the near future Perfect or Progressive Aspect 1. Previous studies (showed, have shown, were showing, are showing, had shown) that while (machining, machined) hardened steels, the tool can lengthen its life by various cutting technologies. 2. H

19、owever, engineers (are still studying, have still studied) the issue of diminished tool life, since they (are meeting, have met) with numerous problems in developing high-speed and high-performance cutting technologies. 3. Recently, there (was, has been) a report that a certain company (was experime

20、nting, had experimented) with some lubricators. 4. They (found, have found) that chipping and adhesion (are, have been) the dominant tool damage modes and lubrication can significantly lessen the damage, especially when the tool (cuts, is cutting, has cut) hardened steel. Active or Passive Voice? 1.

21、 This paper (aims, is aimed) to 2. In this paper, we (aim, are aimed) to 3. This theory (can apply, can be applied) to a number of practices. 4. We (can apply, can be applied) for any information or help. 5. The results (indicate, are indicated) that 6. The findings (consider, are considered) to be

22、of great value. 7. The data (gathered, were gathered) from several sources. 8. We (obtained, were obtained) the data using the assay. 9. (Shown, Shows) here is a case study of 10. Here we (present, are presented) a case study of 11. Over the last few decades, many papers (have devoted, have been dev

23、oted) to 12. Recently, many papers (have focused, have been focused) their studies on Active or Passive Voice? 13. This drug (induces, is induced by) sleep.14. Sleep (induces, is induced by) this drug.15. Great efforts (have made, have been made) to find out 16. The investigation (bases, is based) o

24、n the idea that 17. Little (knows, is known) about the reaction of A to B.18. It (knows well, is well known) that this compound is not soluble in water.19. It (suggests, is suggested) that we (should) experiment with electricity.20. It (suggests, is suggested) that the ion is detachable.21. From the

25、 discovery we (can conclude, can be concluded) that 22. From the discovery it (can conclude, can be concluded) that 23. (List, Listed) below is a series of 24. They (imply, are implied) that Indicative or Subjunctive Mood1. It is found that the methodology (can, could) be used to .2. We suggest that

26、 the method (is, should be) used for this machining.3. From the experiment we (can, could) see that this tool (may, might) be useful in .4. This result leads us to the idea that we (will, would) have a better result if we (have used, had used) the right method.5. These results lead us to the conclus

27、ion that we (have, had) not used the right method, and that if we (have, had) used the right method, we (will, would) have had very different findings.6. It is estimated that a 50% increase (will, would) benefit all of them.7. Although a rough estimation (can, could) be made, it (may, might) not be

28、accurate to use the formula in a thermomechanical model.C or UC, Sg. Or Pl.? 1. Due to their low thermal (conductivity, conductivities), high (abrasion, abrasions) of cutting (edge, edges) and (tendency, a tendency) to crack during machining, titanium aluminide (alloy, alloys) are notoriously diffic

29、ult-to-cut (material, materials) when using conventional (e.g. turning, grinding, drilling, milling) cutting (operation, operations).C or UC, Sg. Or Pl.? 2. Despite their low (machinability, machinabilities) TiAl alloys find (niche, niches) (application, applications) (area, areas) in the (manufactu

30、re, manufactures) of complex shaped (component, components) for (aerospace, aerospaces) (gas, gases) (turbine, turbines) (engine, engines).C or UC, Sg. Or Pl.? 3. Based on (generic design, a generic design) of (aeroengine component, an aeroengine component), this paper investigates the (response, re

31、sponses) of (TiAl alloy, a TiAl alloy) to abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting (process, processes) (variable, variables) in order to speed up (generation, a generation) of high-integrity (surface, surfaces).With or Without “a(n) or “the 1. (Abrasive, The abrasive, An abrasive) waterject machining is one

32、 of (most, the most) promising non-conventional machining processes for (difficult-to-cut, the difficult-to-cut) materials because of (reduced, the reduced, a reduced) mechanical and thermal damage to (workpiece, the workpiece) surfaces produced using this technique.Which Preposition to Use?1. To ob

33、tain insight _ the mechanism involved _ FOH- induced apoptosis, we compared the gene expression profiles of A and B _ microarray analysis.2. The shape profile geometry (of, at) the clad deposit is important (for, to) thermomechanical modeling.3. It may not be adequate to predict the profile geometry

34、 (over, from) a wide range of varying process parameters.4. The present investigation deals (with, in) the cross-sectional shape profile geometry modeling.5. Based (on, in) the methodology, an estimation of . can also be made (at, of) ones convenience.6. Fastener holes, (in, to) which the fatigue cr

35、acks initiate (from, for) stress concentrations, are plastically expanded using a mandrel pulled (through, across) the hole.7. SLS of polymers has found use (in, over) a wide range of industries ranging (from, with) aerospace to medicine.Pt or PP 1.Opium induces sleep. Sleep is induced by opium. The

36、 opium is (sleep-inducing, sleep-induced). The sleep is (opium-inducing, opium-induced). 2.Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a (manufacturing, manufactured) process which has (emerging, emerged) from numerous other technologies as the (leading, led) process (considering, considered) viable for rapi

37、d (manufacturing, manufactured). 3.This research has (investigating, investigated) the use of a novel method of (interpreting, interpreted) a differential (scanning, scanned) calorimetry curve to indicate the level of (melting, melted) within semicrystalline selective laser-(sintering, sintered) par

38、ts.Transition ExpressionsIncluding: also, besides, moreover, further, furthermore, in addition, similarlyContrasting: but, yet, still, however, nevertheless, instead, all the same, on the other handSummarizing: so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, in consequence, as a consequence,

39、as a result1. Farnesol induces apoptosis in various carcinoma cells. _, the mechanism by which it mediates the effect is not yet fully understood. 2. We found UO126 inhibited the induction of ER stress response genes. _, knockdown of the MEK1/2 effectively inhibited the cleavage of caspase-3. 3. Cel

40、ls receiving AG1296 showed decreased G(1)-G(0) arrest. We _ provide evidence that certain sets of differentiation markers can be enhanced. From Sentence to Phrase1. The process models. a modeling process The deposition is fused. fused deposition A finite element analysis model was developed to simul

41、ate the fused deposition modeling process.2. The model is considered. The model coupled thermal and mechanical phenomena. The model (which is) considered coupled thermal and mechanical phenomena.3. The scan speed is the most significant factor. The factor affects part distortions. The scan speed is

42、followed by the layer thickness. The scan speed is the most significant factor affecting part distortions, followed by the layer thickness.4. We compare the simulation results. The results are from the two models. our comparison of the simulation results from the two models Our comparison indicates

43、that . Our comparison of the simulation results from the two models indicates that .5. The deformed blank can be divided into three regions. The regions have different deformation patterns. The deformed blank can be divided into three regions with different deformation patterns.Phrase, Clause, or Se

44、ntence? 1. We identify the mechanism. through the mechanism Lactogens protect beta cells. against DEX-induced death We identify the mechanism (which, through which) lactogens protect beta cells against DEX-induced death.2. These findings will enhance something. the ability to optimize and predict so

45、mething the properties of the SLS process an area which is critical when producing end-use parts particularly when considering demanding applications such as in the aerospace and automotive industries These findings will enhance the ability to optimize and predict the properties of the SLS process,

46、an area which is critical when producing end-use parts, particularly when considering demanding applications, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries. Errors Often Found (I)1. Dr. Wang indicates that A is B and implies that C is D. (suggests, says, states, believes, supposes, thinks, assu

47、mes, claims, holds, maintains, asserts, avers, affirms, postulates, etc.)2. The reason is (because) he does it. I know the reason he failed. The reason is that he does it. I know the reason why he failed. The reason is his doing it. I know the reason for his failure.3. Put together, I found them . E

48、xamining closely, the parts are . Put together, they were found . Examining closely, we find the .4. combine x and y; link x and y; separate a and b; differentiate c and d combine x with y; link x to y; separate a from b; differentiate c from d5. suggest you to go; hope you to come; fear him to know suggest that you (should) go; hope that you will come; fear that he may know 或 fear lest he should knowErrors Often Found (II)1. My hands are l