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1、Three-Character Canon 宋 王应麟 着 Written by Wang Yinglin人之初,At the beginning of life,性本善。Man is good in nature.性相近,Human nature is alike,习相远。Habits make them different.苟不教,For lack of education,性乃迁。The nature is in alteration.教之道,And the nurture of the young,贵以专。Better be maintained for long.昔孟母,Once M

2、encius s mother择邻处。Chose the best neighborhood for herson;子不学,When her son played truant,断机杼。She cut the threads on the loom.窦燕山,Another case is Dou Yanshan,有义方。Who was wise in family education.教五子,He raised his five sons,名俱扬。And all of them were blessed with fame.养不教, them, 父之过。 教不严, 师之惰。 子不学, 非所宜。

3、 幼不学, 老何为? 玉不琢, 不成器。 人不学, 不知义。 为人子, 方少时。 亲师友, 习礼仪。 香九龄, 能温席。 孝于亲, 所当执。 融四岁,Rear children without instructingAnd the father should be blamed;Teach in a slack and lazy wayAnd the teacher should be criticized.If a pupil plays truant,It proves to be improper.If a child fails to learn,What could he be wh

4、en getting old?Without being carved and polished,A jade can t be a work of art.If one does not learn,He ll not know human virtues.When one is young,He should make the best of his time,Associating with the good and the wise, And learning to stand on ceremony.When Huang Xiang was nine years old,He cou

5、ldwarm the mat for his father.Whoever has love for their parentsShould be as kind as such.When Kong Rong was four years old,能让梨。He could offer his brothers the biggerpears.弟于长,Even if one is quite young,宜先知。One should love one s brothers.首孝悌,One should bear familial love from theoutset,次见闻。Before he

6、 starts to learn,知某数,Including counting and computing,识某文。As well as reading and writing.一而十,One times ten is ten,十而百,Ten times ten is a hundred,百而千,A hundred times ten is a thousand,千而万。And a thousand times ten is ten thousand.三才者,There re three essential elements toknow,天地人。They are heaven, earth

7、and man.k / -4-z.三光者,There are three kinds of light;日月星。They re from the sun, the moon and thestars.三纲者,There are three ethical disciplines:君臣义;That of loyalty between the king and hismen,父子亲, 夫妇顺。 曰春夏, 曰秋冬。 此四时, 运不穷。 曰南北, 曰西东。 此四方, 应乎中。 曰水火, 土木金。 此五行, 本乎数。 曰仁义, 礼智信。 此五常, 不容紊。 稻粱菽, 麦黍稷。 此六谷, 人所食。of

8、love between father and son,And of harmony between husband and wife. There are Spring and Summer,And Autumn and Winter: They are the four seasons, Alternating all the year round.There are north and south, And east and west.They are the four directions, Laid out by central position.There are water an

9、d fire, And wood, metal, and earth:They are five elements, Related to the numerals.There are benevolence, righteousness,And courtesy, intelligence and loyalty. They are the five human norms,Which are regulated in certain terms. There are rice, sorghum and bean, And wheat, millet and corn: They are s

10、ix kinds of grain For one to serve as food.马牛羊,There are the horse, the ox and thesheep,鸡犬豕。And the foul, the dog, and the pig:此六畜,They are six kinds of livestock,人所饲。Raised in herds by the farmers.曰喜怒,There are joy and anger,曰哀惧;And sorrow and fear,爱恶欲,And love, hate and desire:七情具。They are seven h

11、uman feelingsaltogether.匏土革,There are gourd, pottery, leather,木石金;And wood, stone, and metal,丝与竹,Together with string and bamboo,乃八音。All these can be made into musicalinstruments.高曾祖,From his great-great-grandfather,父而身;To his great-grandfather,身而子,To his grandfather and father,子而孙;To himself and hi

12、s son,自子孙,To his grandson and great-grandson,至玄曾。And to his great-great-grandson:乃九族,Whoever is born into the world人之伦。Will face the nine-layer relation.父子恩,There should be affection between father andson,夫妇从;As well as love between husband and wife.兄则友,Brothers should be kind to each other:弟则恭;The

13、elder s amiable, and the youngerrespectful.长幼序,A harmony should be maintained友与朋;Among families as well as friends.君则敬,Even the king should be cordial,臣则忠。To whom the subjects can be loyal.此十义,These are called the Ten Doctrines人所同。That everyone in the world should follow.凡训蒙,To enlighten the school

14、children,须讲究。Good methods must be taken.详训诂,The meaning must be correctly grasped,明句读。And the syntax clear in mind.、了 .、人-Pz为学者,A pupil must start his learning必有初。From the very beginning.小学终,After he has learned the basics,至四书。He d learn the Four Books next.论语者,The first book is Confucius Analects,二

15、十篇。Composed of twenty chapters ,群弟子,Which were recorded by his disciples记善言。And put together as living doctrines.孟子者,The second book is called Mencius,七篇止。Consisting of seven sections,讲道德,In which is highlighted moralities,说仁义。As well as benevolence and righteousness.作中庸,The third book isthe Doctrin

16、e of the Mean子思笔。Written by Zi Si, Confucius grandson,中不偏,Who poses all midway,庸不易。In which the common truth exists.作大学,Zeng Zi wrote the Great learning,乃曾子。From which one can achieve a great deal.自修齐,He demonstrated a way to self-improvement至平治。From the individual life to the socialaffairs.孝经通,When

17、 one s mastered the Filial Scripture四书熟。Together with the four books.如六经,The Six Confucian Scriptures始可读。Can be for him a new start.诗书易,The Songs, the History, and the Changes,礼春秋。And the Annals and the Rituals:号六经, 当讲求。 有连山, 有归藏; 有周易, 三易详。 有典谟, 有训诰; 有誓命, 书之奥。 我周公, 作周礼。 着六官, 存治体。 大小戴, 着礼记。 述圣言, 礼乐备。

18、 曰国风, 曰雅颂。 号四诗,Are called the Six Confucian Scriptures,Which are needed to be studied thoroughly.There was Lianshan in the Xia Dynasty,Which was called Guizang in the Shang,And Zhouyi in the Zhou,All refer to the Book of Changes .With the records of the early sages deeds,And with the regulations and

19、 laws,As well as the decrees and rulesThe Book of History is hard to read.A sage is called the Duke of Zhou,Who drafted the rituals for the country.He appointed six ministers,By whom the nation was governed.Dai and his nephew were two scholars,Who annotated the Book of Rituals.By digging from the sa

20、ges words,The Book of Music came from the Ritual.With the National Morals,And the Grace and the Paeans,The Book of Songs is divided into foursections,当讽咏。And each should be chanted and recited.诗既亡,When tradition of collecting folk songs islost,春秋作。The Book of History was compiled,寓褒贬,Which sets the

21、moral code for stateofficials,别善恶。And which judges the good from the evil.三传者,Three commentaries have been given有公羊;To the Book of History ever written:有左氏,There are three commentary authors:有谷梁。Gong Yang, Zuo Qiuming and Gu Liang.经既明,After having grasped the classics,方读子。One can read the works of o

22、ther schools,撮其要,Not only drawing up the essentials,记其事。But also learning by heart the details.五子者,Five figures should be mentioned有荀扬;Of the great masters of thought:文中子,They are named Xun Zi and Yang Zi,及老庄。And Wen Zhong Zi, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi.经子通,With a thorough understanding of the abovementio

23、ned,读诸史。One can proceed to historical works.考世系, 知始终。 自羲农, 至皇帝。 号三皇, 居上世。 唐有虞, 号二帝。 相揖逊, 称盛世。 夏有禹, 商有汤。 周文武, 称三王。 夏传子, 家天下。 四百载, long, 迁夏社。 汤伐夏, 国号商。 六百载,From each phase of historical evolution,One can learn the ups and downs of each reign. There lived Fu Xi and Shen Nong,As well as Xuan Yuan.They w

24、ere called the Three Emperors,Living long before the good old days.Yao and Shun reigned in the later years,Who were called the Two Emperors.Both yielded the crown to capable men, And their reigns were called the heydays.There lived Yu in the Xia Dynasty,And there appeared Tang in the Shang;Together

25、with King Zhou Wen and his son,They were called the Three Great Kings.After Yu was succeeded by his son,Allunder heaven were ruled by one family.And the Xia Dynasty lasted four centuriesTillthere were revolution in the country.Therevolution against Xia wasled by Tang,Who founded a new dynasty called

26、 Shang.Six centuries had passed至纣亡。Before it was overthrown in the reign ofZhu.文武王,Zhou Dynasty was founded by King Zhou Wu,始诛纣。Who captured and beheaded cruel Zhu.八百载,The Zhou Dynasty lasted eight centuries,最长久。And it s the longest dynasty in history.周撤东,When the capital of Zhou was movedeast,王纲坠。T

27、he whole state began to go downward.逞干戈,Seas of wars broke out everywhere,尚游说。And politicians ran canvassing about.始春秋,The East Zhou began with the Spring andAutumn,终战国。And ended with the Warring states.五霸强,Five Dukes ruled in the former period,七雄出。And seven powers dominated in the latter.嬴秦氏,Empero

28、r Qin Shihuang appeared,始兼并。And annexed all states into one empire.传二世,When he was succeeded by his evil son,楚汉争。The Chun and the Han began to fight for thecrown.高祖兴,When Liu Bang won over Xiang Yu,汉业建。He, as the founder of the Han Dynasty, was calledGao Zu.至孝平,And during the reign of Emperor XiaoPi

29、ng,王莽篡。The Han collapsed with Wang Mang susurping.光武兴,The throne was restored by Liu Xiu,为东汉。Who was crowned Emperor Guang Wu.四百年,The later four-period is called the EastHan,终于献。Ruined in the reign of Emperor Xian.魏蜀吴,Three new states of Wei, Shu, and Wu,争汉鼎。Tussled fiercely for the throne of theHan

30、.号三国,They were called the Three States,迄两晋。To be replaced by two Jins in chains ofwas.宋齐继,The Song and the Qi rose one afteranother,梁陈承。And the Liang and the Chen succeededlater.为南朝,They were called the South Dynasties as awhole.都金陵。With their capitals in Jinling city.北元魏,Yuan founded in the north a

31、 reign of Wei,分东西。Splitting into two sections, the east andthe west.宇文周,WestWei was renamed North Zhou by YuwenJue;与高齐。 East Wei was dominated by Gao Yang with the title of North Qi.迨至隋,Not until the foundation of the Sui Dynasty一土宇。Was the whole country united.不再传,The throne was succeeded by the so

32、n,失统绪。Who lost his life and his crown.唐高祖,Li Yuan, with an imperial tile of TangGaozu,起义师。Rose up with his army.除隋乱,He swept off the riots and chaos,创国基。And founded the Tang Dynasty.二十传,With a succession of twenty emperors,三百载。The Tang lasted for three hundred years.梁灭之,Before there rose the reign o

33、f the postLiang,国乃改。Which replaced the reign of the Tang.梁唐晋,The Post Liang, the Post Tang, and the PostJin,及汉周。Together with the Post Han and the PostZhou,称五代,Are called the Five Dynasties altogether,皆有由。Each replacing the former.炎宋兴,General Zhao, stood out, noble and strong,受周禅。And the emperor of

34、the Zhou handed over hiscrown.十八传,Zhao founded the Song Dynasty, with eighteensuccessors,南北混。And the capital was movedsouthward in war riots.辽与金,Two tribes called the Liao and the Jin,皆称帝。Respectively founded their imperial reigns.元灭宋,The latter was subverted by the Dynasty ofYuan,绝宋世。And the Song a

35、lso ended in the Yuan sinvasion.莅中国,The Yuan conquered the whole country,兼戎狄。Together with the remote nationalities.九十年,After a reign of ninety years,国祚废。The throne collapsed in rebellions.太祖兴, When Zhu Yuanzhang distinguished himself during theuprising,国大明。He founded a new dynasty called the Ming.号

36、洪武,He got Hong Wu as his imperial title,都金陵。With Jinling city to be the capital.迨成祖,During the reign of Emperor Cheng Zu,迁燕京。The capital was moved to Yanjing.十六世,There lasted sixteen successions至崇祯。Till the fatal end of Emperor Chong Zhen.权阉肆,With eunuch Wei abusing the royal power,寇如林。Seas of rebel

37、s broke out.至李闯,Among them rose the Chuang King,神器焚。Who overthrown the Dynasty of Ming.清太祖,Qing Taizu founded a new nation,膺景命。To fulfill the missions from the heaven.靖四方,He swept away all the enemies,克大定。And unified the whole country.廿一史,The history of the twenty one dynasties全在兹。Has all been menti

38、oned above.载治乱,Through the reigns in order or disorder,知兴衰。One can trace the ups and downs.读史者,In studies of historical works,考实录。One should delve into the actual records.通古今,By which to grasp the history on the whole,若亲目。As if shown before one s own eyes.口而诵,One can learn by reading and chanting,心而

39、惟。And by way of meditation.朝于斯,one should indulge in studies夕于斯。From morning till night.昔仲尼,Confucius set a good example,师项橐。Who once followed Xiang Tuo as adisciple.古圣贤,All sages and nobles in ancient times尚勤学。Would work hard at their studies.赵中令,A prime minister called Zhao Pu读鲁论。Lost himself in t

40、he study of theAnalects.彼既仕,Though he had a high post in thegovernment,学且勤。He was still a diligent learner.披蒲编,Lu Wenshucopied books on grass weave,削竹简。And GongsunHong wrote on bamboochips.彼无书,Thepoor guys had no books of their own,且知勉。Yet they had such means to try.头悬梁,Sun Jing fastened his hair to

41、 the beam,锥刺股。And Su Qin stabbed his thighs with anawl.彼不教,Why both of them did such strange deeds?自勤苦。They took pains to learn of themselves.如囊莹,Che Yin read under the light of glowworms,如映雪。And Sun Kang read against the whitesnow.家虽贫,Though they came from poor families,学不辍。They never stopped their

42、 studies.如负薪,Zhu Maichen tried reading in firewoodcutting,如挂角。And Li Mi held his book in cattle herding.身虽劳,Though they were tired out at work,犹苦卓。They were still learning hard.苏老泉,Sun Xun didn t start to learn二十七。Until he was twenty seven.始发愤,Though it was late for him to learn,读书籍。Yet he finally h

43、ad much to attain.彼既老,When he became old,犹悔迟。He still felt repentant.尔小生,Young pupils, all of you,宜早思。 若梁灏, 八十二。 对大廷, 魁多士。 彼既成, 众称异。 尔小生, 宜立志。 莹八岁, 能咏诗。 泌七岁, 能赋棋。 彼颖悟, 人称奇。 尔幼学, 当效之。 蔡文姬, 能辨琴。 谢道韫, 能咏吟。Better start learning sooner.Liang Hao was acclaimedAt the age of eighty two:He stood out from the

44、 scholars,Andwas listed top in Court Examination.Only after he had been a success,Could others hail to him in surprise.Young pupils, all of you,Better decide what to do.When Zu Ying was eight years old,He could recite many poems.And when Liu Mi was seven,He could compose a chess ode.Such boys with unusual talentsAlways surprise the other people.Young

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