以AT89C51单片机为核心,制作一个LCD显示的智能电子钟

1、第6章智能电子钟的设计6.1 功能要求1. 设计要求 以AT89C51单片机为核心，制作一个LCD显示的智能电子钟： (1) 计时：秒、分、时、天、周、月、年。 (2) 闰年自动判别。 (3) 五路定时输出，可任意关断（最大可到16路）。 (4) 时间、月、日交替显示。 (5) 自定任意时刻自动开/关屏。 (6) 计时精度：误差1秒/月（具有微调设置）。 (7) 键盘采用动态扫描方式查询。所有的查询、设置功能均由功能键K1、K2完成。2. 工作原理本设计采用市场上流行的时钟芯片DS1302进行制作。DS1302是DALLAS公司推出的涓流充电时钟芯片，内含一个实时时钟/日历和31字节静态RAM

2、，可以通过串行接口与计算机进行通信，使得管脚数量减少。实时时钟/日历电路能够计算2100年之前的秒、分、时、日、星期、月、年的，具有闰年调整的能力。DS1302时钟芯片的主要功能特性：(1) 能计算2100年之前的年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒的信息；每月的天数和闰年的天数可自动调整；时钟可设置为24或12小时格式。(2) 31B的8位暂存数据存储RAM。(3) 串行I/O口方式使得引脚数量最少。(4) DS1302与单片机之间能简单地采用同步串行的方式进行 通信，仅需3根线。(5) 宽范围工作电压2.0-5.5V。(6) 工作电流为2.0A时，小于300nA。(7) 功耗很低，保持数据和时钟信

3、息时功率小于1mW。6.2 方案论证6.3 系统硬件电路的设计6.4 系统程序的设计#include#include#include#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit key1=P30;/设置键sbit key2=P33;/调节键加sbit key3=P36;/设置键减uchar second,minute,hour; uchar day,week,month,year;uchar pos_flag=0;uchar keyflag=0;/按键标志位/函数声明uchar read1302(uchar add); /读地

4、址、数据void write1302(uchar add,uchar date); /写入地址、数据void write_com_date(uchar add,uchar date);void init_lcd();void init_ds1302();void delay(uchar time);void Disp_1602(uchar x,uchar y,uchar *p);void keyscan();void settime();void settime() write1302(0x8e,0x00); /关闭写保护write1302(0x80,second/10*16+second%1

5、0); /秒write1302(0x82,minute/10*16+minute%10); /分write1302(0x84,hour/10*16+hour%10); /时write1302(0x86,day/10*16+day%10); /日write1302(0x88,month/10*16+month%10); /月write1302(0x8a,week/10*16+week%10); /星期write1302(0x8c,year/10*16+year%10); /年write1302(0x8e,0x80); void display() second=read1302(0x81); w

6、rite_com_date(0xca,0x30+second%10); write_com_date(0xc9,0x30+second/10); minute=read1302(0x83); write_com_date(0xc7,0x30+minute%10);write_com_date(0xc6,0x30+minute/10); hour=read1302(0x85);write_com_date(0xc4,0x30+hour%10);write_com_date(0xc3,0x30+hour/10); day=read1302(0x87);write_com_date(0x8a,0x3

7、0+day%10);write_com_date(0x89,0x30+day/10); week=read1302(0x8b);write_com_date(0xcd,0x30+week%10); month=read1302(0x89);write_com_date(0x87,0x30+month%10);write_com_date(0x86,0x30+month/10); year=read1302(0x8d);write_com_date(0x84,0x30+year%10);write_com_date(0x83,0x30+year/10);void keyscan() /修改调整时

8、间日期 if(key1=0) delay(10); if(key1=0) pos_flag+; while(!key1);keyflag=1; switch(pos_flag)case 1: write_com(0x80+4); /年 write_com(0x0f); /光标闪烁 break;case 2: write_com(0x80+7); /月 break;case 3: write_com(0x80+10);/日 break;case 4: write_com(0x80+0x40+0x0d); /星期 break;case 5: write_com(0x80+0x40+4); /时钟

9、break;case 6: write_com(0x80+0x40+7);/分钟 break;case 7: write_com(0x80+0x40+10);/秒钟 break;default:break; if(pos_flag=8) /pos_flag=8则退出调整 pos_flag=0; keyflag=0; /按键标识清零 delay(5); settime(); write_com(0x0c); / 关光标 if(key2=0) /调节加键，按下（低电平）就加 delay(15); if(key2=0) while(!key2);switch(pos_flag)case 1: yea

10、r+; if(year=99) year=0; write_com_date(0x84,0x30+year%10); write_com_date(0x83,0x30+year/10); break;case 2: month+; if(month=13) month=1; write_com_date(0x87,0x30+month%10); write_com_date(0x86,0x30+month/10); break;case 3: day+; if(year%4=0)&(month=2) /闰年 二月 29天 if(day=30) day=1; if(year%4!=0)&(mon

11、th=2) /平年 二月 28天 if(day=29) day=1; if(month=1|month=3|month=5|month=7|month=8|month=10|month=12) /大月31天 if(day=32) day=1; if(month=4|month=6|month=9|month=11) /小月30天 if(day=31) day=1;write_com_date(0x8a,0x30+day%10); write_com_date(0x89,0x30+day/10); break;case 4: week+; if(week=8) week=1; write_com

12、_date(0xcd,0x30+week); break;case 5: hour+; if(hour=24) hour=0; write_com_date(0xc4,0x30+hour%10); write_com_date(0xc3,0x30+hour/10); break;case 6: minute+; if(minute=60) minute=0; write_com_date(0xc7,0x30+minute%10); write_com_date(0xc6,0x30+minute/10); break;case 7: second+; if(second=60) second=0

13、; write_com_date(0xca,0x30+second%10); write_com_date(0xc9,0x30+second/10); break; default:break; if(key3=0) delay(15); if(key3=0) while(!key3);switch(pos_flag)case 1: year-; if(year=0) year=99; write_com_date(0x84,0x30+year%10); write_com_date(0x83,0x30+year/10); break;case 2: month-; if(month=0) m

14、onth=12; write_com_date(0x87,0x30+month%10); write_com_date(0x86,0x30+month/10); break;case 3: day-; if(year%4=0)&(month=2) /闰年 二月 29天 if(day=0) day=29; if(year%4!=0)&(month=2) /平年 二月 28天 if(day=0) day=28; if(month=1|month=3|month=5|month=7|month=8|month=10|month=12) /大月31天 if(day=0) day=31; if(mont

15、h=4|month=6|month=9|month=11) /小月30天 if(day=0) day=30; write_com_date(0x8a,0x30+day%10); write_com_date(0x89,0x30+day/10); break;case 4: week-; if(week=0) week=7; write_com_date(0xcd,0x30+week); break;case 5: hour-; if(hour=0) hour=24; write_com_date(0xc4,0x30+hour%10); write_com_date(0xc3,0x30+hour

16、/10); break;case 6: minute-; if(minute=0) minute=59; write_com_date(0xc7,0x30+minute%10); write_com_date(0xc6,0x30+minute/10); break;case 7: second-; if(second=0) second=59; write_com_date(0xca,0x30+second%10); write_com_date(0xc9,0x30+second/10); break; default:break; void main() init_lcd(); delay(

17、2); init_ds1302(); delay(2); Disp_1602(1,0,20 - - week) ; Disp_1602(5,1,: :) ; while(1) if(keyflag=0) display(); keyscan(); #ifndef _lcd_h_#define _lcd_h_#include #define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int sbit lcdrs=P20;sbit lcdrw=P21;sbit lcden=P22;void delay(uchar ms) uchar i; for(;ms0;

18、ms-) for(i=110;i0;i-);void write_com(uchar com) /写指令 lcden=0; lcdrs=0; lcdrw=0; P0=com; delay(1); lcden=1; delay(1); lcden=0;void write_data(uchar date) /写数据 lcden=0; lcdrs=1; lcdrw=0; P0=date; delay(1); lcden=1; delay(1); lcden=0;void write_com_date(uchar add,uchar date)write_com(add);delay(1);write_data(date);void Disp_1602(uchar x,uchar y,uchar *p) while(*p) if(y=0) x|=0x80; else x|=0xc0; write_com(x); delay(5); write_data(*p); x+; p+; void init_lcd() delay(15); write_com(0x38); delay(15); write_com(0x38); delay(5); write_com(0x38); write_com(0x0c