高中英语一轮复习必修五U1

1、必修必修话题话题21科普知识科普知识一、单词识记一、单词识记 1. _ n.宇宙宇宙; 世界世界2. _ n.受害者受害者3. _ n.附近附近; 邻近邻近4. _ adj. 严重的严重的, 剧烈的剧烈的5. _ n.特征特征; 特性特性characteristic universevictimneighborhoodsevere6. _ vt.照顾；出席；参加照顾；出席；参加7. _ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心吸收；吸引；使专心8. _ vt.预见；预知预见；预知9. _ adj.积极的；肯定的积极的；肯定的10. _ vt.打败；战胜打败；战胜 n.失败失败defeat attendabso

2、rbforeseepositive11. _ n.治愈治愈 vt.治愈治愈12. _ n.柄；把手柄；把手vt.处理处理13. _ vt.怀疑怀疑 n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯14. _ n.挑战挑战 vt.挑战挑战15. _ adj.熟练的熟练的 n.专家专家expertcurehandlesuspectchallenge二、单词拓展二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生单词派生1. _ n. 科学科学 _ n. 科学家科学家 _ adj. 科学的科学的2. _ vt. 分析分析 _ n. 分析分析 analysissciencescientistscientificanalyze3. _ vt. 污染；弄脏污染

3、；弄脏 _ adj. 受污染的受污染的 _ n. 污染污染pollute pollutedpollution4. _ vt. 命令；指示；教导命令；指示；教导 _ n. 指示；教导指示；教导instructinstruction5. _ vt. 结束结束 _ n. 结束结束; 结论结论6. _ n. 小心小心; 谨慎谨慎 _ adj. 小心的小心的; 谨慎的谨慎的cautious concludeconclusioncaution(B)灵活运用灵活运用1. He needed more _ (science) experiments to support his theory.1. 形容词作定

4、语。形容词作定语。2. She has come to the _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.2. 名词做宾语。名词做宾语。scientificconclusion3. He fell ill because of eating the _ (pollute) seafood.3. 形容词作定语。形容词作定语。4. The _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of food.4. 名词做主语。名词做主语。5. Follow the _ (instruct) when you ope

5、rate the machine. 5. 名词做宾语。名词做宾语。pollutedanalysisinstructions1. _ 提出提出2. _ 讲得通；有意义讲得通；有意义3. _ 使显露；暴露使显露；暴露4. _ 将将和和联系起来联系起来三、短语翻译三、短语翻译 link .to . put forward make sense expose .to 5. _ 除除之外之外； 此外此外6. _ 对对严格严格7. _得出结论得出结论8. _导致；引起导致；引起lead to apart from(be) strict withdraw a conclusion9. _ 失去控制失去控制1

6、0. _受责备受责备11. _ 在建设中在建设中12. _ 结束结束come to an endout of controlbe to blame be under construction 四、课文回顾四、课文回顾 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century. 1_ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_ (bear) of her babies. However, he decided to defeat ch

7、olera, a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_ (expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak. So birth exposed In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 _ all the dead people had lived. He found many people who had drunk 5_ di

8、rty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He found a woman and 6 _ daughter who had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water. where the her 7_ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted water was 8

9、_ (blame). He suggested the source of all water supplies 9_ (examine) and new methods of dealing 10_ water be found. Finally，“King Cholera” was defeated.With to blame be examined with 五、课文概要五、课文概要 以约以约30个词概括课文内个词概括课文内容要点。容要点。 John Snow, a famous doctor and expert, succeeded in defeating King Cholera

10、 in a scientific way. Cholera was a deadly disease and had attacked London twice in the 1850s.1. cure vt. 治愈治愈; 矫正矫正n. 治愈治愈; 疗疗法；措施法；措施原句原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知人们既不知道它的病源道它的病源, 也不了解它的治疗方也不了解它的治疗方法。法。(B5P2)例句例句 Up till now, People have not found an effective cure for A

11、IDS. 到目前为止到目前为止, 人们还没有人们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效的方法。找到治疗艾滋病的有效的方法。cure sb. of sth. 治好某治好某人的人的(疾病、坏习惯等疾病、坏习惯等)a cure for . 治疗治疗的方法的方法/药物药物运用运用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _ (使他改掉使他改掉这个习惯这个习惯). The government is finding a cure _ the severe pollution. cure him of the habitfor原句原句 The

12、 second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。种病毒引入体内的。(B5P2)2. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引吸收；吸引(注意力注意力)例句例句 Dark clothes absorbed light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收深色衣服容易吸收光线。光线。搭配搭配 be absorbed in全神贯全神贯注于注于, 专心致志于专心致志于运用运用 完成下列句子完成下列句子。 当我进

13、来时当我进来时, 他正聚精会神地看小说他正聚精会神地看小说。When I entered, he _ _ a novel. 我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有用的东西用的东西。We can _ from extensive reading.was absorbed inreadingabsorb a lot of useful things3. be to blame (for sth.) (为某为某事事)应受责备应受责备/承担责任承担责任原句原句 It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是看来水是罪魁祸首。罪魁祸首。(

14、B5P2)例句例句 Mr. Smith was to blame for the accident. 史密斯先生史密斯先生 要为事故负责。要为事故负责。搭配搭配 blame sb. for sth.为某事为某事责备某人责备某人运用运用 完成下列句子或填入一个恰完成下列句子或填入一个恰当的介词。当的介词。 我不怪你我不怪你, 我怪我自己。我怪我自己。I do not blame you, but I_ _ .myself blame 那次事故怪不得那次事故怪不得Tom, 毕竟他还是毕竟他还是个孩子。个孩子。Little Tom was not_ for the accident. After a

15、ll, he is only a child. His mother blamed him _ his dishonesty.for to blame 4. put forward 提出提出; 提前提前; 被提名被提名原句原句 Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出关于黑洞的谁提出关于黑洞的理论？理论？(B5P1)例句例句 He often puts forward some useful advice. 他总能提出一些有用的他总能提出一些有用的建议。建议。 We have to put the meeting forward by tw

16、o weeks.(意思意思_ )Dr. King put forward a suggestion that talented students should be placed in special classes. (意思意思_ )运用运用 说出下列句中划线部分的意思。说出下列句中划线部分的意思。 将将提前提前 提出建议提出建议 His name was put forward for the Chairman of the Students Union. (意思意思_) 被推荐被推荐/提名提名原句原句 Apart from the construction mentioned above

17、, you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的除了上面提到的结构结构, 你还学了下列词组。你还学了下列词组。(B5P4)例句例句 Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in singing and angling.5. apart from 除了除了用法用法 apart from是短语介词是短语介词, 既相既相当于当于besides /in addition to /as well as, 又相当于又相当于except (for)。运用运用 用用besides，except，ex

18、cept for替代替代apart from。 Apart from the cost, time should also be considered.( _)Apart from=Besides (In addition to) Apart from a few mistakes, it is a good composition.( _ ) Apart from the ending, its really a good film. (_ )Apart from = Except (not including) Apart from =Except for 6. be strict wit

19、h sb. (in sth.) (在某方面在某方面)对某人严格要求对某人严格要求原句原句 I need to be strict with 我需我需要对要对要求严格要求严格(B5P6)例句例句 You must be strict with yourself in study.你在学习上要对自己你在学习上要对自己严格。严格。运用运用 填入一个恰当的介词。填入一个恰当的介词。 Our English teacher is very strict _ us _ our homework. My mother is not only strict _ her work but also strict

20、 _ me. with withinin原句原句 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位从宽街搬过来有一位从宽街搬过来的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水, 每天都要派每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。人从水泵打水运到家里。(B5P3)1. have sth. done 让某人干某事让某人干某事; 遭遇某事遭遇某事例句例句 Youd better

21、have the machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人来修机你最好明天找人来修机器。器。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文。把下列句子译成英文。 明天我要去理发。明天我要去理发。I will _. 爸爸几天前去拔牙。爸爸几天前去拔牙。My father _a few days ago. have my hair cut tomorrow had his tooth pulled原句原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and o

22、nly the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上中心位置上, 而行星则围绕着太阳转而行星则围绕着太阳转, 只有只有月球仍然绕着地球转。月球仍然绕着地球转。(B5P7)2. with+宾语宾语+非谓语动词非谓语动词例句例句 I cant fall a sleep with the baby crying. 婴儿一直在哭婴儿一直在哭, 我睡不着觉。我睡不着觉。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文把下列句子译成英文。 鸟儿在鸣叫鸟儿在鸣叫, 我们在森林里愉快地散步我们在森林里愉快地散步。We walked happily

23、 in the forest _ _. 还有很多作业要做还有很多作业要做, 我今晚不能和你去我今晚不能和你去看电影了看电影了。_, I cant go to see the movie with you tonight.With a lot of homework to dothe birds singingwith原句原句 To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了为了阻止这样的事再发生阻止这样的事再发生,

24、约翰。斯诺建议所有约翰。斯诺建议所有的水源都要检查。的水源都要检查。3. suggest (that) sb. (should) do 建议某人做建议某人做某事某事例句例句 The doctor suggested he have a good rest. 医生建议他要好好休息。医生建议他要好好休息。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文把下列句子译成英文。 他建议我们工作后要好好休息他建议我们工作后要好好休息。_ after work. 她建议你去那里之前先打个电话她建议你去那里之前先打个电话。_ before you go round there.She suggested (that) you (

25、should) phoneHe suggested (that) we (should) have a good rest4. Only if+从句，倒装从句，倒装原句原句 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。清楚。例句例句 Only if you are in London can you realize its beauty.

26、只有当你只有当你亲身来到伦敦亲身来到伦敦, 你才能体会到它的你才能体会到它的美。美。句型句型 Only 引导的介词短语或副引导的介词短语或副词或状语从句放在句首时词或状语从句放在句首时, 要倒装。要倒装。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文。把下列句子译成英文。 只有用这种方法你才能在这么短的时间只有用这种方法你才能在这么短的时间内完成它。内完成它。Only in this way _ _. 只有当你用心学习时只有当你用心学习时, 你才能取得大的你才能取得大的进步。进步。Only when you put your heart into study _.will you make great prog

27、ress can you finish it in sucha short time原句原句 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女，她是从宽街搬过来的，有一位妇女，她是从宽街搬过来的，非常喜欢那里从水泵打上来的水，每非常喜欢那里从水泵打上来的水，每天都要派人去那里运水到她家里来。天都要派人去那里运水到她家里来。(P2 B5)分析分析 本句主干是本句主干是A

28、 woman liked the water；who引导的是一个引导的是一个_从句，补充说明从句，补充说明A woman；句型；句型so that中的中的that引导一个结果状语引导一个结果状语从句；在这个结果状语从句中又有一个从句；在这个结果状语从句中又有一个句型句型have sth done，表示，表示“_”。请人做某事请人做某事非限制性定语非限制性定语1. 西蒙的语文老师对西蒙西蒙的语文老师对西蒙要求很严格要求很严格。1. Simons language teacher is very strict with him.2. 他经常他经常提出提出问题让西蒙回答。问题让西蒙回答。2. He

29、often puts forward questions for Simon to answer.3. 除此之外除此之外, 他还他还建议建议西蒙要从课文西蒙要从课文得出结论得出结论。3. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts.4. 西蒙在阅读中西蒙在阅读中吸收吸收了很多的知识。了很多的知识。4. Simon absorbs a lot of knowledge from reading.5. 西蒙西蒙让他的同学帮他修改作文让他的同学帮他修改作文, 并学习并学习优秀作文优秀作文。Simon has

30、his compositions checked by his classmates and learns from the good articles.6. 每次西蒙想放弃的时候每次西蒙想放弃的时候, 他总是鼓励他他总是鼓励他。Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him.7.只有只有当他不放弃的时候当他不放弃的时候, 他才能获得成功他才能获得成功。Only if he doesnt give up can he succeed.8. 在老师的帮助下在老师的帮助下, 西蒙进步很快西蒙进步很快。With the help

31、 of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress.合并：合并： Simons language teacher is very strict with him and he often puts forward questions for Simon to answer. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts and in this way, Simon absorbs great knowledge from reading. In addition,

32、 Simon has his compositions checked and learns from the good articles. Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him not to, because only in this way can he succeed. With the help of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress. Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942 (300 years afte

33、r the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. When he was eight, his family moved 1_ St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. 2 _ eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his fathers old college. 1. 表示到表示到去。去。2. 表示表示“在某人在某人岁时岁时”要用要用at。 AttoStephen wa

34、nted to do mathematics, 3 _ his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he 4 _ (award) a first-class degree in 5 _ (nature) science.3. 前后句意为让步关系。前后句意为让步关系。 4. 由句意可知用被动语态。由句意可知用被动语态。

35、5. 名词作定语。名词作定语。 although/thoughwas awardednaturalStephen then went on to Cambridge 6 _ (do) research in cosmology(宇宙学宇宙学), there being no one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he 7 _ (hope) to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. 6. 不定式作状语不

36、定式作状语, 表目的。表目的。6. 根据句意要根据句意要ongoing过去完成时态过去完成时态, 表示表示“原希望原希望”。 to dohad hoped Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws 8 _ govern the universe. With Roger Penrose 9 _ showed that Einsteins General Theory of Relativity would have a beginning in the Big Bang and 10 _ end in black holes. 8. 引导定语从句修

37、饰前面的引导定语从句修饰前面的the basic laws。9. 指指Stephen Hawking。 10. 不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的基本用法, 因为后面的名词以原因为后面的名词以原因开头因开头, 故填故填an。anhewhich二、阅读理解二、阅读理解 A. beneficial, because their inventors are famousB. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousC. not useful, because their inventors are less famousD. not useful

38、, though their inventors are famous1. By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are _.B 推理判断题。最后一段推理判断题。最后一段(尤其是第尤其是第1句句)给出了提示。给出了提示。虽然红绿灯、透视玻璃等虽然红绿灯、透视玻璃等(当然包括雨刮器当然包括雨刮器)的发明者的发明者没有电灯和电话的发明者那样出名，但它们都是很有没有电灯和电话的发明者那样出名，但它们都是很有用处的。用处的。 A. add

39、colour and variety to students campus lifeB. inform students of the windshield wipers inventionC. carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD. prepare students to try their own invention2. Professor Joan McLeans course aims to _.D 细节理解题。细节理解题。 从第从第2段的段的When students learn the answers to these questions, motiva