在句子中用来修饰动词

1、%險A 險& edmsAt the end of the unit, you should grasp:Adverbial clauses of timeAdverbial clauses of reason.Adverbial clauses of the First Conditional.As in clauses of time, reason and comparisonFunctions:Narrating a sequence of eventsStating future intentionsmW在句子中用来修饰动词、形家词、副词以及 全句的成份，叫状语。在主从复合句中起状 语

2、作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句的佞 置可以在主句之前，通常蛊主句前加逼号； 也可以在主句之后。常见的状语从句表示对 间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、 目的、结果等意义。% AwI.Adverbial clauses of time（时间状语从句）when “当.时”，while 当时/而”，whenever “无论什么时候，every/each time 每当”，As “正当时候”，before 在艺前”，after 在之后”，Since 自从以来，till/until “直到”，as soon as, the moment, the minute “ 就”， hardly. whe

3、n, no sooner. than “冈 就”常见的时间状语从句# 1.由连词when当时”引导的时间状语从句 在含有when引导的时间状语从句的句子中，从句 的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先于 主句的动作。eg. When he was at university, he often did morningexercise.Fll let you know when you come.熏2.while与as也可以表示当时候” ,while 表示“在期间，主句的动作发生在这段时间内。 而as表示“一边一边”，它强调主句和从句的 动作同时发生。）eg. Please write whi

4、le I dictate 在我念的时候，请你记下。He came up as I was speaking. 我正在说话当儿，他来了。龛3. when, while, as连接时间状语从句时的细微差别。I. when (at or during the time that)只表示一般的时间关 系，它既可指时间的一点(a point of time),也可指 一段时间(a period of time) 用when时从句的动作可 与主句的动作同时发生，也可先于主句的动作，因此 when用得最多。II. while (during the time that)只能指一段时间，而不能 指时间的一点。

5、用while时，从句的动作或者与主句的 动作同时发生，或者主句的动作是在从句的动作的进 展过程中发生的，因此从句中的谓语必须是表示延续 性动作或状态的动词，这是while与when的主要差别。III. as (at the same moment that)往往可与when通用, 但它着重指从句与主句的动作同时发生 4.由before 在乙刖”引导的时间状语从 句before引导的时间状语从句的动作发生在卞句之后。eg. Say good-bye before you leave在你离开之前，说声再见。翩5.由after“在之后”引导的时间状语从句 after引导的时间状语从句的动作发生在主

6、句之前。eg.After he arrived he began to work at school. 他到达以后就开始在学 6 由 as soon as, the moment, the minute “ 就” 引导的时间状语从句as soon as, the moment, the minute引导的时间状语 从句的动作与主句的动作一前一后发生，时间紧 凑。eg. He reads out as soon as he come into the classroom.他一进教室就大声念书。The moment the button is pressed the machine starts.

7、一按电钮，机器就开始曲起来。7.由till/until“直到”引导的时间状语从句这个句子要注意它的汉语翻译。eg. They did not stop discussing until they came into a conclusio n直到得出结论，他们才停止讨论。NOTE:在时间状语从句中，一般不用将来时，而用现在 时态代替将来时。eg. Til let you know when you come.你来的时候，我会告诉你的。Well wait for you if you come before six oclock.如果你六点钟以前來我们就等你。II.原因状语从句(Adverbia

8、l Clause of Cause)常用because 因为 as因为，由于，since因为，既然等词引入 a.由 because“因为”引导的原因状语从句because引导的原因状语从句表示原因的语毛最 强，蔻示有必然的因果关糸。由because引导的 原因状语从句往往放在末尾。當用来回答why?eg. He cannot go to school because he is ill.他因为生病不能去上学。有肘也可用短语介词because oF来表示原because后接句子，而because接名词、代词等，它的后 面不能接句子。eg. He cannot go to school becau

9、se of his illness.b由as “因为，由于”引导的原因状语从句as引导的原因状语从句表示原因的语宅此 because从句要弱一些，有顺便提一下的意味。 eg. Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.人人都喜欢你，因为你既和宅，又诚卖。 c.由since因为, 既然” 引导的原因状语从句since引导的原且听话对方己知晓原eg. Since she insists you must come.既M她坚持，你就一定要来。弓 /ITI.条件状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Condition)条件状语从句

10、常用if unless除非，如果不, as/as long as 只要等词引导。eg. If it rains on Sunday, we will not go on a trip 如果这个星期目下雨的话，我们就不外出象行。You 41 fail unless you work hard除非你积工作，不然你总要失败。You can surely overcome these difficulties so long as we are closely united 只要我们紧密地团结一玫，一走能克服这些困难的。ms ms Q曹条件状语从句中一般不用将来时在表示将来要发生的动作肘，要用将来肘态

11、。但是， 在条件状语从句中帝用一般现在肘态而不用一般将 来肘态。Eg. If you go to England next year, youll learn a lot of English If Carol comes here tomorrow, Fll tell her all about it.IV.让步状语从句although, though, even if（并列连词：but）Tom still doesnt understand. I have explained three times.Although / Though I have explained three time

12、s, Tom still doesnt understand.1、主句谓语动词的几种不同形式1）主句中的谓语形式通常是：will +动词eg. If we leave now, weUl catch the 11:30 train.ril give you another book if you dont like this one.2）在表示客观真理，自然规律等时，主句中的谓 语动词可以用=般现在时。Eg. If you heat ice, it turns to water.If one eats too much, he gets flat.3)有时主句中的谓语可以是：情态动词、 (sh

13、ould, must, could/can, might/may) +动词。Eg. We should help him if he asks.If it rains, we can stay at home and watch TV.If its too cold tomorrow morning, I might come by bus.三、As用法小结as可y人作连词、副词、介词、代词用法较多 下面归纳我们己学过的几种用法。在进行两者比较肘用这两种句型：as.as ; notso . as1) asas表示两者相等eg. Tom is as handsome as JackMary si

14、ngs as well as Janems ms Q曹2) not so (as) . as表示两者不柏等eg. Mary doesift sing as well as Jane.I这两种句型中的第一个as是副词,后面常跟形彖词、 副词。句型中的第二个as是连词或介词,后面可以跟 名词、代词、形彖词、副词、介词短语或从句(比较 状语从句丿。eg. Hes as tall as his father.Her car isnt as (so) fast as mine.Well do as much as we can.The students arent as good as they wer

15、e.ril eat as much as possible.II. asas结构常用于构成一些園之的比命。eg. as black as pitch, as white as sheet.as light as a feather, as poor as a church mouse.ms ms Q曹III. as引导时间状语从句My brother always read the newspaper as he ate his meal Please return the book to the library as you will go there this afterno on.IV.

16、 as引导原因状语从句A theres a strong wind, youd better put on your heavy coat. Please return the book to the library as you will go there this afterno on.Exercise:%? 1 lost a lot of weight. I was ill.I lost a lot of weight when I was ill.She opened the letter. She saw it wasnt for her.WTShe opened the lette

17、r before she saw it wasrf十 for her./ My brother came to see me. My father asked him to.My brother came to see me, because my father 纟 asked him 十o.It will rain. We can stay at home and watch TV.If it rains, we can stay at home and watch TV.H M u叙工工r3 3&3&Functional practiceL Narrating a sequence of

18、events:叙述事情发生的先后顺序，不仅可以借助于动词 的时态，也可以借助于表示时间的短语或状语从 句。After she married Chen Ping , Cui Dan travelled around ChinaWhen she visited me, she brought me some books.II. Stating future intentions:What are you going to do?-Fm going to become the yougest surgeon in China.Fm going to take the exam again of course.Fm not going to take it until next year Im going to have a rest.III. Making PlansWhat are we going to do this weekend?一一 WeUl go to the cinema if there is a good film on.What shall we do if it rains?if we dont have