现在完成时精讲以及练习(附答案).docx

1、现在完成时精讲和练习（附答案）一、现在完成时的六种常用情景：（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，1、The car has arrived。车子来了。（对现在结果的影响是：车子已在门口）2、Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（对现在结果的影响是：窗户仍破着）3、It sso dark。Someone has turned off the light.这里很黑，有人刚把灯关了。 （对现在结果的影响是：现在很黑）4、Are you free?I have finished my homework. I am free.你有空吗？我已

2、经做完了家庭作业。我有空。 （我已经完成了家庭作业 , 对现在影响是：很有空） 。（二）表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。 一般会和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括 “现在 ”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如 for+时间段、 since+过去的时间点、疑问词 how long 等。这时表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。1、 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years。我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。2、 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002。自从 2002 年 Mr. Bl

3、ack 一直住在中国。3、 How long have you been here?你来这里多久了？4、 I have learnt English for more than ten years。我已经学了 10 多年的英语。 (从 10 年前开始 ,持续到现在 )5、She has swum since half an hour ago。我已经游泳了半个小时。(半个小时前开始，到现在还在游)（三）经验性用法：表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。 常与频度副词如often、 always、 every week、twice（三次、n 次）等连用。1、I have

4、 been to the Summer Palace twice。我曾经去过颐和园两次。2、He has always said so。他总是这么说 .（四）表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.1、Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?你曾去过颐和园吗 ?2、I have never had a car.我从未有过汽车。（五）现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time ，It s the first time 连用。This is the first time he has driven a car.这是他第一次开车。（六）

5、现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最 的。Its the most boring film I ve ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。二现在完成时的语法结构过去现在将来（一）肯定式：主语 +助动词（ have/has） +动词的过去分词。（二）否定式：否定式直接在助动词后面加上not。主语 +助动词否定形式（ have/has + not）+动词的过去分词。have not，has not的缩略式分别为 havent ，hasnt。另外若是肯定句改成否定句时，若有 some、already 时，要分别改成 any，yet。有时 not 可以用 never 代替，表示 “从

6、来没有 ”的意思。例句如下：1、We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。2、I have never seen him before以前我从来没有见过他。（三）一般疑问式：疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。助动词（ Have/Has）+主语 +动词的过去分词。肯定回答 Yes，主语 +助动词（ Have/Has）否定回答 No，主语 +助动词否定形式（ have/has + not）。有时也可以用 No，not yet。 No ，never。 No，not even once。陈述句改成一般疑问句时，把陈述句中的 have 或 has放到句

7、首，句末打问号，同时把句中的 some ，already 改为 any ，ye t 就构成了一般疑问句（四）否定疑问式：把助动词+not 提到主语之前助动词（ Have/Has）+主语 +not +动词的过去分词。助动词（ Have/Has）nt +主语 +动词的过去分词。否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Haven t I) studied ?Yes, you have. No, you havenHave you not (Haven t you) studied ?Yes, I have. No, I havenHas he not (Hasn t he) stud

8、ied ?Yes, he has. No, he hasn t. t. t.（五）特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 +助动词（Have/Has）+主语 +动词过去分词。（六）助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数has，其余用 have。（七）例句：1、 Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？Yes ,he has.是的，他去那里了。No, he hasn不t，.他没去那里。2、How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？ Smith 夫人来北京多长时间了？三、现在完成时的标志词（一）当句中有never( 从来没有 ),

9、 ever( 曾经 ), just( 刚刚 ), already( 肯定 ),yet(否定 ), before(以前 )，recently( 近来 )，so far( 到目前为止 )，in the past/last few Years(在过去几年里 )、 up to now （直到现在）等时，常用现在完成时。1、 already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气。 yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 yet 在否定句中有“还”之意。（1）He has already left here。他已经离开这里了。（2）Has he already left here?他（真的）已经离开这里了

10、吗？（表示加强语气）（3）My teachers haventhad breakfast yet。我的老师们还没有吃早饭。（4）Have you written to your parents yet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？2、never 是否定词，表示“从来没有” ，表示全部否定。而 ever 表示“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中。 （这个用法还需要在考证。 ）（1）We have never been to the Great Wall。我们从来没有去过长城。（2）Have you ever been to Canada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？（3）Have you ever seen

11、 the film?No. I have never seen it你曾经看过这部影片吗？没有，从来没看过。（4）Nobody in our class has ever been there。我们班没有人去过那。3、just 表示“刚刚”，用于完成时态时，与 already ，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词 have/has 和动词过去分词之间。（ 1） He has just come back。他刚刚回来。（ 2） They have just finished the work。他们刚刚完成那项工作。（ 3） The train has just arrived。火车刚到。

12、4、in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来” ，可作现在完成时的时间状语； in the past 意思是“在过去” ，常作一般过去时的时间状语。（ 1） Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。（ 2） Where did you work in the past?你过去在哪里工作？5、lately, recently 是完成时的时间状语， just now有 a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。（ 1） Did y

13、ou see Joan just now?你刚才看到琼了吗？（ 2） Have you heard from your family lately/recently?你最近收到家人的来信了吗？6、 even since then 与 from then on (after that) 都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。（ 1） Sheslivedhereever since then。打那以后，她一直住在这。（ 2） I didnthearofJim from then on/after that。打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。7、before 泛指

14、“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中；ago 表示“现在的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间状语。（ 1） Iveneverbeen to Japan before。我以前没去过日本。（ 2） She went to Japan a year ago她一年前去了日本。8、so far( 到目前为止 )，these days(这些天 ) 也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。（ 1） So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.到目前为止， 还没有人到月球以外旅行。（ 2） What have you done these days?这些天来，你做了什

15、么事？9、now, today, this morning, this year 等有时可以用现在完成时中， 以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。（ 1） I have learned how to swim now。我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。（ 2） Have you seen Han Meimei this morning?你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗？（二）当句中有 for + 段时间 或since + 点时间 等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词 (短语 )。1、 for + 一段时间（ 1） I have been here fo

16、r 5 weeks。我已经在这里五个星期了。（ 2） Hes studied English for 3 years。他学习英语已经三年了。2、 since +表示过去某一时间的 )时间点它的三种用法是：（ 1） since +（过去的月份 /年份）。I have been here since 2000.我从 2000 年以来一直在这里。（ 2） since + 一段时间 +ago。I have been here since 5 years ago.我从五年前就在这里。（ 3） since +一般过去时从句。I have been here since I graduated in 200

17、0.我从 2000 年毕业就一直在这里。3、短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 等。为了表述这种意思， 我们常用相应的延续性动词 have，keep等或短语 “ be+ 名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语） ”来代替短暂性动词。arrive (at/in)- be (in/at)become bebeginhaveborrow keepbuy havecom

18、e (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inclose-be closeddiebe deadfall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill)finish be overget (to)-be (in/at)get to know know,join be in 或者 be a member ofleavebe away (from),marrybe married 等reach-be (in/at)return-be backstart/begin-be onopen-be open也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“ It is since 从句（

19、从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时 + ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。（1）他入党五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago.（2）电影开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beg

20、anThe film began five minutes ago.（ 3） He has been a soldier for three years。他参军三年了。（ 4） His father has been dead for two years。他父亲去世二年了。（ 5） We have studied English for three years。我们（开始）学英语已三年了。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。（1）I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。（2）She hasn t come here for an

21、hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。四、现在完成时注意事项：1、since 可单独使用 , 表示“自那时起”。另外 since 前也可加上 ever,以加强语气。（1）Eg. I have been here (ever) since.（2）I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.2、对 for 或 since 引导的时间状语提问必须用how long, 决不能用 when.（1）I have lived here for 10 years。（对划线部分提问）How long have you lived here?（2）She has

22、 stood here since 2 hour ago。（对划线部分提问）How long has she stood here?3、have been 与 have gone 的用法比较（1）have been to：到过，去过。表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。（2）have gone to：去了。表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。（3）have been in：呆在某处一段时间了。以下是具体例句：（1）Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？（2）You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过

23、那儿，是吗？（3）I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。（4）She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（一）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（二）一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用

24、， 如： ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day beforeyesterday, yesterday .Then(那时 ),that day, one day, once(从前 )（三）现在完成时常和 recently（近来）， ever, never, twice,so far （到目前为止） , since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句） , yet（否定，疑问句） , just( 刚刚 ), before （以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用

25、。（四）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.六、非延续性动词和延续性动词（一）延续性动词和非延续性动词。动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。“过去对现在 ”（ 非延续动词）“过去到现在 ”（延续性动词）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作， 这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。此类动词常见的如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, li

26、ve, stay等。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作， 这种动作发生后立即结束。此类动词常见的如open, close, finish,begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。（二）非延续动词的记忆口诀：现在完成在瞬间；非延只连时间点；终止需转换；否定方可碰一段。1、非延续动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。2、非延续动词动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。3、初中阶段常见的瞬间动词有：（ 1）来 (come) 、去

27、(go) 、到 (get to/reach/arrive at) 、离 (leave) 、看 (see)、听（说） hear。（ 2）买 (buy) 、卖 (sell) 、开 (open)、关 (close) 、起床 (get up) 跌落（ fall sleep）参加 (join/take part in) 、开发 (begin/start) 。（ 3）还 (return/give) （与）借 (borrow/lend)（ 4）变成 (become/turn) 、带 (bring/take) 、给 (give) 、死 (die) 、完 (finish/end) 、接 (receive/hea

28、r from) 。（ 5）口诀：两始两到， 来去加跳； 借进借出， 买床失落 ,给开关死离。两始 start ， begin ；两到 get to ， arrive ；来去 come， go；加跳 join ， jump ；借进借出lend，borrow ;买床失落buy ， get up ， lose ， fall ；给开关死离give ， open， close， die， leave。4、非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用 (只限肯定式 ) 。试比较：（ 1）他死了三年了。误： He has died for three years 。正： He

29、 has been dead for three years 。正： He died three years ago 。正： It is three years since he died 。正： Three years has passed since he died 。（ 2）史密斯先生来这儿五天了。误： Mr. Smith has come here for five days。正： Mr. Smith has been here for five days。正： Mr. Smith came here five days ago。正： It is five days since Mr.

30、 Smith came here。正： Five days has passed since Mr. Smith came here 。非延续性动词延续性动词arrivebe herebecomebebegin to studystudybegin/startbe onborrowkeepbuy/gethavecatch get a coldhave a coldclosebe closedcome herebe herecome tobe income to workworkdiebe deaddressbe dressedendfinishbe overfall asleepbe asle

31、epfall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep)finish/endbe overget to knowknowget to/ arrive / reachbe (in)get upbe upgo (get) outbe outgo abroadbe abroadgo therebe therego to schoolbe in schooljoinbe in/be a member ofleavebe away （ from ）marrybe married（ to ）move tolive inopenbe open / keepopenput on

32、wear 或 be onsit downbe seatedwake upbe awake现在完成时练习一一、翻译下列句子：1、你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2、我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3、我以前从来没去过那个农场。4、他已经吃过午饭5、你已经看过这部电影了吗？6、我哥哥还没回来。7、这本字典我已买了三年了。8、他离开中国三年了。9、我认识他们五年了。10、他们已去了美国五年了。11、自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。12、我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。13、自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。14、我来到这个学校已3 年多了。二、用 since 和 for 填空1._two years2._two years

33、 ago3._last month4._ 19995._yesterday6._ 4 o clock74 hours8._an hour ago9. _we were children10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. I ve known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city

34、 _ about ten years.16. It s about ten years_ she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。（一） arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there 1、He got to Beijing five minutes ago.HeBeijing for.2、I moved to the USA

35、in 2008.Ithe USA since.3、I went home yesterday.Ihome for.4、They came here last week.They _ here since _.（二） come to / go back to/ returnto be back togo out1、He came out two years ago.be outHe _ for _.2、We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _.（三） become be1、I became a teacher in 2000

36、.I _ a teacher for _.2、The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.（四） close be closedopen be open1、The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ for _.2、The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.（五） get up be ；up die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asl

37、eep / get tot sleep； befinishasleep/end be；overmarry be married；1、I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2、He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3、My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4、The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5、I got to sleep two

38、hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6、They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.（六） start / begin to do sth.； begindosth. be on1、I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2、The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.（七） borrow keep； lose not have；buy have； put on wearcatc

39、h / get a cold have；a getcoldto know know1、They borrowed it last week.They _it since _.2、I bought a pen two hours ago.I _a pen for _.3、I got to know him last year.I _ him since _.4、I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ my glasses for _.（八） have / has gone to have been in1、He has gone to Beijing.He

40、 _ Beijing for two days.（九） join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member ofthe league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army 1、He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years. He _ a _ the _ for two years. He _ the league for two

41、years.2、My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.四、划线提问1、I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ _ ?2、My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3、He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4、They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they

42、 _ a book五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ the

43、re.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to及 go 的各种形式填空。1、Where is Jack? He _ his country.2、David _ the park just now.3、John _ England since he came back.4、How long _ they _ this village?5、The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6、_ you ever

44、 _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7、I _ this school since three years ago.8、Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9、When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10、Would you like to _to the zoo with me?Yes, but I _ there before.11、Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12、He often _ swimming.13、_ you _ there last year?14、

45、_ they often _ skating in winter?七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1、I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2、Jack has _ finished his homework.3、Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4、“ Have you _ seen the film?” “ No, I have _ seen it.5、“ Has the bus left _?”

46、 “ Yes, it has _ left.”八 . 用适当的时态填空：1、She s _ (live) herever since she was ten.2、Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3、 Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4、 Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5、 Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6、 _ you _ (find)

47、your watch yet?7、 Are you thirsty?No I _just _ (have) some orange.8、 Wealready _ (return) the book.9、 _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10、I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11、My father _ (read) the novel twice.12、I _ (buy) a book just now.13、I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14、My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.现在完成时练习二一单项选择。1.Where is Mr. Liu?- He _the library.A. ha