名词,冠词,数词,代词,介词

1、实用标准文档名词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; teaorange（ 桔汁 ） ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper（ 纸 ） ; time（ 时间 ）; music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish（ 鱼肉 ）; coke ; porridge ; cake（ 可数或不可数 ）. 不可数名词应注意以下几点：1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单 .2）表量用约数 some /any ;

2、 much ; a lot of或用 of 短语eg. There is bread on the table. CA. a B. one C. a piece of D. manyThere is some on the plate. BA. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化： man men ; woman women ;child children policeman policemenEnglishman Englishmen Frenchman Frenchmen foot feet ; tooth teeth mouse（

3、 鼠） miceB、规则变化1）s; sh; ch; x结尾加 es 读 iz2）ce; se; ze; （d）ge 结尾加 seg. boxes b ksiz blouses blauziz3）f （fe）结尾则变 f（fe） 为 v 加 es- 读 vzeg. knives naivz4）“辅 +y ”结尾变 y 为 i 加 es 清就清 s5）一般加 s 浊就浊 zeg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz 但注意以下几点： potato potatoes ; tomato tomatoes 单复同形 : fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chine

4、se ; Japanese 由 man , woman 在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor men doctors reef reefs “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余 s 加后面 . eg. German Germans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名词所有格：名词 s （ 意思是 “的” ）A. 有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加 “ s” 但注意 ：1）表两者共有则在后者加“ s”Lucy and Lily s father 露西和莉莉的

5、父亲Lucy s and Lily s fathers 露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲 .文案大全实用标准文档2) 以 s 结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3) 无生命的名词所有格用 of 来引导eg. the leg of the desk4) 双重所有格： a friend of my fathersa friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )练习 一、写出下列 词的复数1. book 2.bus 3.orange 4. baby 5.boy 6.my 7.his 8.knife 9.watch10.she

6、ep 11. tooth 12. leaf 13.German 14.Chinese二、选择正确的答案( )1. Are those ?-No, they aren t. They re .A. sheep ; cowsB. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, I m quite thirsty. Please give me .A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have go

7、t _ news from my friend. Do you want to know? A. a very good B. anyC. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucy s and Lily D. Lucys and Lily s( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minute s walkC. 20-minut

8、es walk D. 20-minute walk ( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him .A. Mr. Green B. Mr. AllanC. Mr. James D. James Green ( )7.Jack and Tom are .A. good friends B. good friendC. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.It s only about ten walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minute s C. min

9、utes D. minute ( )9.He often has for breakfast.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( )10.Mrs. Green has two . They re very bright.A. childs B. child C. children s D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim s 文案大全实用标准文档A. two months holiday B.

10、 two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two month s holidays( )12.I won t go there with you, for I have a lot of to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sisterB. my sister sC. me sisterD. my sister of( )14.Have you read ?A. today s B. today paperC. the today s p

11、aper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorysB. factoriesC. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat

12、 caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachersC. women teacher D. woman s teacher( )21.The three _ will be pu

13、t into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs练习答案：1. books 2. buses 3. oranges4. babies 5. boys 6. our7. their 8. knives 9. watches10. sheep 11. teeth 12. leaves13. Germans 14. Chinese5 ABCBD 6 10 AACCD冠词1115 CCBDA 16 21 BCBCAC初中英语复习专辑（ 2）1、不定冠词 a, an文案大全实用标准文档a 用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a book a usef

14、ul book a“ u”ju:sful ju:an 用于元音开头的词前 . eg. an applean hour an“ F”au ef2、定冠词 the1）特指某人 / 某物The book on the desk is mine.2）世上独一无二的事物前the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3）形、副最高级及序数词前The third boy is the tallest of all.（ 但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the）He is my first English teacher.4）the + 姓的

15、复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇” 。 the Greens 格林一家 / 格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1）在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2）学科名词前3）球类运动及早、 中、晚三餐名词前 （但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时， 则要加适当的冠词 表乐曲演奏的名词前应加 the ）1）He went to school after he hada quick breakfast.2）play the violin / piano练习( )1.There is s” in word“bus ”A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a( )2.Maths is _

16、 useful subject. You can A. an B. aC. the D. /t drop it , I think.( )3. bad weather it is!A. How B. What a C. How a D. What( )4. What color is _ orange?-It s orange.A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an( )5.Mr. Li is old worker.A. an B. a C. some D. /( )6.Look at picture! There s house in it.A.

17、a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a( )7.One morning he found handbag. There was _s ” on the corner of _handbag.A. a ; an ; theB. a ; a ; theC. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a ( )8.What _ interesting story it is!A. a B. an C. the D. /文案大全实用标准文档( )9.Meimei is _ best student in her class.A. a B. an C. /

18、D. the( )10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the( )11.Is _ book on the desk mine? Yes.A. the B. a C. an D. /( )12.Even while he was in _ hospital, he went on writing songs. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )13.Don t read .A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on

19、 the bed( )14.Smith is honest man.A. a B. the C. an D. /( )15.China has _ population of 1,200,000,000.A. / B. an ( )16.What A. EnglishC. the D. as for “椅 . 子” ?B. an EnglishC. the English D. any English( )17.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls.A. the B. a C. an D. much( )18. young must look after _

20、old.A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )19. _ earth is one of planets.A. The ; sun sB. The ; the sunC. The ; the sun sD. The ; the suns( )20.Tokyo is _.A. the capital of Japan B. capital of JapanC. Japan capitalD. a capital of Japan( )21.Kate sometimes plays _ violin( 小提琴 ) and sometimes p

21、lays _ table before supper.A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; / ( )22. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ red one ? I saw it.A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a( )23.There is orange tree behind house.A. an ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. an ; / ( )24. How long

22、 did you stay there ?-About half _ hour.A. / B. one C. a D. antennis练习题答案：1 5 BBDCA1115 ADACD2124 BDAD6 10 DABDB16 20 AABCA文案大全实用标准文档初中英语专辑（ 3）代词一）指示代词： this , that , these , those. this , that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但 that可单独指代不可数名词） 。 ）that apple ( ) that meat (The weatherin Sichuan isnot so hot a

23、s _ in Guangzhou.that（二） 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1 ）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格 ; 介 +宾格） eg. 1）I thank you2）You thank me.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 一变 （my mine）; 二留 （his his its its） 三加 s（your yours ; our ours ; her hers ; their theirs） 用法：有名不名，无名是名eg. This is （我的） book. This book is （我的） . my ; mine3）反身代词：某某自己；亲

24、自单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配：1. enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快 by oneself 完全）独立地 请自便；随便吃自学2. hurt oneself 伤着自己3. teach oneself = learn4. (all) by oneself5. help oneself to文案大全实用标准文档6.look after oneself自理；照顾自己7.leave one by oneself把单独留下8.lose oneself in陶醉于；沉浸于

25、 （三）不定代词1）some 与 any 一般情况下， some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中 可用 some此类句型常以 could , would 开头）2） many + 可数 = a lot of : much + 不可数（但 a lot of 不能用于否定句）3）few , a few ; little , a little .The story is easy to read. There are new words in it.few .Hurry up! There is timeleft. little4）everyone / anyone

26、 不加 of no one 不加 of none of许多表否定表肯定可 数few（ 几乎没有 ）a few（ 几个；一些 ）不可 数little（ 几乎没 有）a little（ 一点儿少 许）（ ） of us wants to read the book. BA. Everyone B. Every oneC. NobodyD. No one5） other ,another , others单数复数泛 指another定语主语、宾语三者以上的另一个othe rsome others特 指one the other 一个另一个the others =the other+ 复名 （ 另外的

27、 人或物 ） .We study subjects besides Chinese. .May I have apple ? .These cups are clean. are dirty. .I have two pens. One is red , is blue. other ; another ; others ;the others另外注意： one another （ 三者以上的 ） 相互each other （ 两者的 ） 相互We should learn from each other（说明 we 指两个人 ）They help one another （说明 they 指

28、三个人以上 ）6）二者与三者复数单数单数二者both（ 都）neither（ 都 不）either（ 任何一 个）文案大全实用标准文档三者all( 都 )none( 都不 )any（ 任何一个 ） .both 否定 neither all 否定 none作主语为单the river. .both , all不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither , none数，但 none of + 复名， neither of + 复名( )1. of my parents is a teacher. BA. None B. Neither C. Both D. All( )2.There

29、are many trees on side ofCA. both B. any C. either D. all every one / any one of7) each: ( 二者以上的 ) 每个作主、宾、定) every: ( 三者以上的 ) 每个只作定语) . student in the class likes English. ._ of the students studied hard.Every ; Each练习( )1.office is much smaller than .A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yoursC. Theirs ; our( )

30、2. “ Help_ to some meat. ” my uncle said to me .A. themselves B. yourself C. yourselves( )3. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers and are women teachers.A. others B. the others C. another( )4.There isn t paper in the box. Will you go and get for me ?A. any ; some B

31、. any ; any C. some ; any( )5.There are many trees on _ sides of the street.A. both B. allC. each( )6._ of them has a dictionary and one of them can look up words in it.A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every( )7. “ When shall we meet, this afternoon or tonight?”“ I don t mind. time is OK.A.

32、Either B. Every C. Neither( )8.Would you like _ cup of tea?A. other B. the other C. another( )9.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forgot .A. other everything B. anything elseC. everything else.( )10. of his parents is a teacher.A. Both B. Neither C. None( )11.The river is v

33、ery dirty. people go to swim in it.文案大全实用标准文档A. FewB. A few C. Little( )12.A friend of came to see yesterday.A. his ; his B. he ; him C. his ; him( )13.You can t leave your baby by _ at home.A. herself B. himself C. itself( )14. My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to have a rest.A. l

34、ittleB. a little C. few( )15.I have three skirts. One is red. _ two are black.A. another B. the other C. the others( )16.Jack has _ friends here. So he often feels lonely.A. a little B. a few C. few( )17.Who teaches _ French?A. we B. our C. us( )18.The boys were all tired, but _ of them stopped to h

35、ave a rest.A. any B. some C. none( )19.Sorry, I can t answer your question. I know about the news.A. a little B. little C. few( )20. Hello, Bill! Help to a cake . Thanks .A. your B. yourself C. yourselves四、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。 用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词， 表示事物顺序的词称为 序数词。1. 基数词 (1000 以内的基数词的读法 )365 three hundred and s

36、ixty-five505 five hundred and five2. 基数词变序数词的方法： 基变序，有规律；词尾要加th 。一二三，特殊记；词尾分别 tdd 。 八去 t ，九去 e ； ve 则以 f 替。ty 则变作 ti ; 后面还有一个 e 。 要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。eg. one first two second three third eight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfth twenty twentieth twenty-one -twenty-first3. 数词的应用： A、时刻表达法： a. 整点：基数词 + o cloc

37、keg. It s eight o clock now.b. 几点几分：1 直接表达法：先小时后分eg. 3:25 three twenty-five文案大全实用标准文档2. 间接表达法：先分后小时1) (30 分钟)用 to ：(60- 分钟数) to ( 小时数+1)eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four3) 30 分钟 = half 15 分钟 = a quartereg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three.3:45 three f

38、orty-five = a quarter to fourB、日期表达法：月日，年(或日月年) 1949 年 10 月 1 日 :October1st , nineteen forty-nine=the first of October, nineteen forty-nine2000 年 : the year two thousand=twenty hundred2001 年 : twenty o one3月 1日: March the first = the first of MarchC、表编号：第 207 房间： Room 207第五课： Lesson 5 = the fifth le

39、ssonD、序数词与不定冠词 (a; an) 连用表“又一；再一” eg. You ve done it three times. Why not try a fourth time?E、分数的表达：分子(基数) 、分母(序数) eg. one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二 注意： 1. 分子超过 1 时，分母加 s2. 含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语 eg.1)One third of the students are girls.2)One third of the milk is mine.3. 分数的特殊形式1)one third = a third2)

40、one fourth = a quarterthree fourths = three quarters3)one second = a halfF、一些数词的复数 + of 表约数： hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions ofstarts.练习( )1.If you go out at night, you ll be able to seeA. thousands of B. thousand ofC. nine thousands of D. thousands( )2.Monday is _ day of the week.A. firstB. t

41、he firstC. the second D. second文案大全实用标准文档( )3.You ve done it twice. Why not try time?A. third B. the third C. a third D. once( )4.Which is the month? It s September.A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety ( )5.December is _ of the year.A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth monthC. the twelveth months D.

42、 twelve months( )6.There are _ floors in the building and he lives on the floor.A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenthC. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth ( )7.I was born _, 1982.A. on June 2rd B. in June 2ndC. on June two D. on June 2 ( )8.It s from our home to the zoo.A. two and a h

43、alf hours walkB. a half and two hours walkC. two hours and a half hour s walkD. two and a half hour s walk( )9.What time is it now? It s _ to six.A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto C. a quarto ( )10.Will you be back in ?A. one or two minutes B. one minute or two C. two minutes or one D. two or one mi

44、nute ( )11.Mary s uncle went to France .A. in his thirties B. on his thirtiesC. at his thirties D. about his thirties ( )12.The headmaster wrote a _ report.A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-wordsC. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word ( )13.of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A.

45、 Two-thirdB. Second-thirdC. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds ( )14.We have learned about these days.A. several hundreds English wordsB. hundreds of English wordsC. hundred of English wordsD. several hundred English word( )15.A UN report says that the word population will pass six billion by the end of ce

46、ntury.A. twentiethB. twentyC. the twentieth D. the twentyth五、介词1.in; on; at 用在时间词前，表“在”文案大全实用标准文档1)at + 具体时刻2)on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)3) in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意： at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning3. _ a rainy evening 4

47、. _3:50 5._ 20026. _ the morning of April 10 7._ spring8. _ night 9._ this time 10. _ March另外注意： 在时间词 ( morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday)前有 last, next , this , that 时，不再用介词 . tomorrow, tonight 前也不用介词。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening.2. in , on , at表地点：on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面” 。) 。

48、可表示为下图的位置关系at 一般指小地方； in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内； 例如：eg. 1)He arrived _Shanghai yesterday.2) They arrived _a small village before dark.3) There is a big hole the wall.4) The teacher put up a picture the wall.3.in , on , to表方位in( 范围内 ) ； on( 范围外且接壤 ) ； to( 范围外但不接壤eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2)Hub

49、ei is on the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is to the east of China.cross:4.动词“跨过，越过” =go across cross: (表面)跨过 through: (内部)穿过，贯穿 介词 eg. 1)Can you swim the river?2)The road runs the forest.3) the bridge, you ll find a cinema.5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用 after + 时间段：与过去时连用 但 after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。1) I ll leave three om

50、inutes.2)They left _6. in the tree( on the tree(in the wall(7. on the wall( clock. That is, I_ two weeks. 外加在树上的事物 树上自身具有的花、果、 镶嵌在墙内部的事物 ) 墙表面的事物 )叶) 等) ll leaveabout ten文案大全实用标准文档1） There is a map _ the wall2） There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / bus / car / ship （单数且无冠词 ）但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词

51、时，则应使用相应的介词。eg. by bike = on a（the; his） bike by car = in a（the ; her） car on: 在（表面）上接触9. over: 在的正上方 above: 在的斜上方 未接触1） The moon rose the hill.2） There is a bridge the river.3） There is a book the desk.10. between: 在（两者）之间 among : 在（三者以上）之间1）A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the bea

52、ch. them werehis parents.2）Tom sits Lucy and Lily.11.on 与 about : 关于于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等 用于非正式的谈话或随便提及eg. He gave a talk the history of the Party12. in front of : 在前面 /方（范围外 ）= before in / at the front of:在前部（范围内）1）There is a big tree of the classroom.2）A driver drives of the bus.类似区别： at the back of 与 be

53、hind13. with 和 in: 表示“用“with: 指“用工具、手、口等”in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”1） Please write the letter a pen.2） Please speak a loud voice.动身前往某地14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for:15. 一些固定搭配：（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend on , 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot,with pleasure, on one s way to, in troub