(完整word版)8bunit6知识点归纳A综述.doc

1、8BUnit6知识点归纳1. train a.动词 “锻炼，训练，培养 ” e.g.He is training to be a doctor. The dog is trained in helping blind man.b.名词 “火车，列车 ” e.g. I got upso late that I didn t catch the trainthis morning.c.相关短语： be trained in 在 方面接受训练train as +某身份为成为.而训练train for为.而训练go into training从事锻炼；参加训练train oneself 训练自己It

2、s necessary that you train yourself before the walkHe trained as a teacher two years ago.d.training n. 训练， 培训 a training center 训练中心， 培训中心 trainer n.教练，驯兽师辨析： train ， drill, exercise, practiceTrain 用于思想人格方面的训练Exercise 锻炼心智和体力的训练Drill 常用于技术方面的训练Practice 指不断反复的“实践”2. It s meaningful to do sth. meaning

3、ful adj. 有意义的meaninglessadj.没有意义的meaning n. 意思 ,含义 ,意义e.g. Do you know the meaning of this word?It s meaningful to donate money to Project Hope.Dont be so mean to your little brother!Her husband is very mean about money.b.意思是；打算；意味I mean to call on you tomorrow. What does this word mean?Becoming a m

4、illionaire didnt mean an end to his money worries.c.相关短语： mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事be mean about /over/with sth在某方面小气3. need a.行为动词 “需要 ”，一般不用进行时，可用句型： need sthe.g. I need a cup of tea. need (sb) to do sthe.g. I need you to clean the classroom. sth need doing= sth need to be donee.g.

5、 The classroom needs cleaning.=The classroom needs to be cleaned.b.情态动词，无人称或数的变化，多用于否定句和疑问句。变疑问句时，直接把need 提前，变否定句用need not 或 neednt。Need I hand in my homework now? We need not pay for the drinks. They are free.c. needn.需求，需要in need “出于需要状态”We have no need to be afraid of them.A friend in need is a f

6、riend in deed.We are donating money for children in need.4. need some more foodMore 在此是 adj.修饰可数名词和不可数名词。another+ 数词 +n. = 数词 +more+n. （ more 在此表示“额外的，另外的”）e.g.Let s find two more people for our team.5. I don t think-否定前移6. a disabled person disabled adj.残疾的 disability n. 残疾，劳动能力丧失 the sick, elderly

7、 and disabled 老弱病残7. an elderly person elderly adj. 年老的 the elderly 老年人 the +adj：表示一类人 the poor, the rich, the homeless3.the most amazing experience of his9. deaf people8. a homeless person homelessadj.无家可归的联想： helpless, hopeless, carelessdeaf adj.聋的deafness n. 聋 deafen v. 使聋，震耳欲聋deaf-mute 聋哑者deaf-a

8、id 助听器turn a deaf ear to 对 充耳不闻They are as deaf as those who wonthear. 充耳不闻blind: adj. 瞎的(blind 的主语是人而不是眼睛)turn a deaf eye to/be blind to对.视而不见go blind失明blindness n. 失明the blind 盲人10.help them cross the road注： cross(动词 )-across(介词 )Help sb do sthHelp sb with sthhelp ( to) do sthask for help11.It s +

9、adj+to do sth. 做是 .It s hard to learn a language.helpfulhelpless12. I want you to help me.want sthwant to do sthwant sb to do sth13. Are there any other ways to help them?any other, “任何其他的” ，后面可接名词单数和复数，区别在于 1.后接单数可数名词时，表示在某一范围内，除了 sb/sth 以外的任何别的 sb/sth；2. 后接复数名词时，表示在某一范围内，除了 sb/sth 以外的任何剩余的 sb/sth

10、的全部。He is taller than any other boy in our class.Do you have any other ideas?如果表示在不同范围内俩个人/物的比较，用any other+ 单数名词China is larger than any other country in Asia. （相同范围） China is larger than any other country in Oceania. （不同范围） Way 的用法：“方式，方法a great/good way to do sth= a great/good way of doing sth “做某

11、事的一个好方式” the best way to do/ of doing sth “做某事的最佳方式”Reading1.what to expect 期待什么expect to do sthexpect sb to do sthexpect thatHunter expects that she will come.Anyone can texpect to learn a foreign language in a week.2. volunteer for the Special Olympics World Summer Games为夏季残奥会做志愿者volunteerv.志愿做，义务

12、做n. 志愿者volunteer to do sth 义务做某事，主动做某事volunteer for sth他生活中最难忘的经历Experience n. 经历（可数）；经验（不可数） 表示做某事的经验， 其后通常接 in of doing sth 。 He has had many years experience in of wheat planting / planting wheat.v 表示“体验” “经历”等，The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。He experienced great hardships for

13、 the first time in his life. 他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。4.necessary adj.必须的，必要的n.必需品unnecessary 不必要的，多余的If necessary 如果有必要be necessary for 必须，有 .必要It necessary for sb. to do sth.5. athlete n.运动员athletic adj. 健壮的，运动的athletic n. 田径运动会，体育运动6.coach n.教练 v.训练，指导football coachhead coach 总教练，主教练assistant coach 助理教练7

14、.give sb a chance to do sth 给某人一个机会做某事Chance n. 机会=opportunityMiss a chancea chance to do stha chance of doing sthby chance 偶然 by any chance 万一8.Event (运动 )比赛项目；大事a historical eventa social eventin the event of倘若，万一in the event that 倘若，万一It s easy to be wise after the event.9. similar adj. 相似的，类似的 (

15、无比较级和最高级 )be similar to与 相似，与 类似be similar in在某些方面相似Most of them serve Xinjiang food, which is very similar to the food she eats.10.give up sth/ give sth up 放弃某事give it upgive up doing sth放弃做某事give up 屈服11.be born with生来具有be born to do 生为She was born to succeed.12.take part in参与join injoin13.notbut1

16、4.get to do sth不是 而是 有机会做某事补充： get to 逐渐15.achieve ones dream = realize ones dream=make ones dream come true 实现某人的梦想achieve vt.实现，达到achievement n.成就，成绩achieve adj.可以完成的16.gold n. 金； 金牌 silver n. 银；银牌Speech is silver, silence is gold.能言是银，沉默是金。prize n. 奖赏，奖品= award n. 奖品，奖first prize一等奖Nobel Prize诺贝尔

17、奖Price n.价格Prise n.奖赏，欣赏16.include v. “包含，包括 ”，后面可接名词或动名词Zhuziqing s work includes poetry and prose. Include, containInclude “包含，包括 在内”，强调容纳某东西成为整体的一部分 contain “含有，里面装有 ”， 强调某物容纳比其更小的东西 the price of the dictionary includes postage charges.Does this box contain biscuits?Includingprep. “包含，包括 ”She has

18、 many hobbies including jogging, swimming and skiing.Included, include的过去式，表示“包括在内的”，只放于名词后做定语。This is the whole bill, the service included.= This is the whole bill, including the service.17.Try ones best to do sth=try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事Have a try 尝试一下，试一下Try this way尝试一下这个方法18.Feel

19、 like “感觉像” “摸起来像”I feel like a big fool.The new man-made material feels like real leather.feel like sth/ doing sth想要某事 /做某事feel like oneself “觉得身体情况正常”I don tfeel like myself today.Grammar1.Donate v. 捐献，捐赠donation n. 捐赠品，捐赠物3. Operationdonate money to sb 为某人捐款raise money for sb为某人筹款2.Charityn. 慈善机构

20、；慈善Charity school慈善学校 charity sale 义卖3.Troublen.麻烦（不可数）Some/little/much/great/no troubleHave trouble with sthHave trouble in doing sthGet out of troubleGet in troublebe in troublemake trouble 引起麻烦ask for trouble 自找麻烦4. provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer sb sth =offer sth to sboffer to

21、do sth 主动提出做某事Integrated skills1.save v.存储，储蓄；拯救save money/time 省钱 /时 save ones life2.teach sb sth =teach sth to sbteacher sb to do sthteach oneself 自学3.not .any more “不再，再没有 ”相当于 no more.I cantbelieve you any more.= I can no more believe you. not .any longer = no longer 表示时间上不再延续。 not .any more. 至数

22、量上不再增加或动作不再重复I am not a child any longer.The baby didn tcry any more.Task1.be ill in hospital生病住院in hospital 住院in the hospital在医院（可能在医院工作或在医院看病人）2. have a serious blood disease 患有严重的血液疾病 Disease n.疾病泛指各种疾病，尤其指传染病和重大疾病The disease is carried by rats. Illness 多指难以医治慢性病或或身体虚弱等影响生活的疾病He didn tgoto school

23、 because of his illness. Sickness 多指晕船、恶心、胃病等等方面的疾病或有关饮食的疾病。Many people died of hunger and sickness.n.手术 operate v.运作，造作operational adj. 运转正常的，操作上的do/perform an operation 做手术She had an operation on her eyes.4.as soon as possible 尽可能快地as +adj./adv( 原级 )+ as possibleAs for junk food, I think you shoul

24、d eat as little as possible as .as possible 可与 as . as sb can/couldYou must come back as soon as possible.= you must come back as soon as you can.5.bothadj.俩者都be bothboth+动词both.andboth ofBoth Linlin and I have been to Beijing.Both of the sisters like the book.6. give a helping hand 伸出援助之手7. get wel

25、l【注意】 well 作形容词表示身体的健康GrammarIt 作形式主语 It is +adj. +thatIt 做形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的从句， adj 是用来说明后面主句的性质特征，常用形容词有：clear, possible, wrong, sad, necessary, difficult, important, certain, true,surprising.It is dangerous that you cross the road now.It is important that the students learn team spirit. It is +ad

26、j. +to do sthIt 做形式主语，动词不定式to do sth 是真正主语。It is happy to help others learn English.It is possible to finish it within an hour.It is wrong to look down on/upon poor children.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want. It is +adj. + for sb to do sthIt 做形式主语， for 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语 sb，adj 只是说明动词不定

27、式的特征而不是表示人的性质或特征。 常用形容词有： necessary, difficult, important, easy, hard,interestingIt is necessary for people to eat and sleep every day.It is important for you to read English.It s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is +adj. + of sb to do sthIt 做形式主语， of 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语sb，adj 表示动词

28、不定式主语的特征。常用形容词有：kind, foolish, nice, silly, generous, clever, careful, selfish等表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：五、It s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me with the work.It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share

29、his dictionary with others.It + take ( sb. )+时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.六、注意：第一种和第二种句式可互换，意思不变。It is useful to bring a map with you while travelling.= It is useful that you bring

30、 a map with you while travelling. It is dangerous for people to go hiking alone.= It is dangerous that people go hiking alone.It is meaningful that he plants a tree near the river every year.= It is meaningful for him to plant a tree near the river every year.It作形式主语常见句型动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动

31、词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：1. It + be +形容词 +主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny s birthday party or not.2. It + be +名词词组+ 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour， aquestion 等，如：It s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or no

32、t.3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有： announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown 等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4. It + 不及物动词 (seem, appear, happen 等 ) + 主语从句 , 这类不及物动词有： appear, ha

33、ppen, seem 等， 如：It seemed that he didnttell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.7. It + be + 名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是： good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：It s a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.实战演练：1. It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants. (NMET 1997)A. howeverB . whateverC. whicheverD. whenever2.In factis a hard job for the police to keep order in an important