电大学位英语考试之阅读理解(最全)Word版

1、、规则和习俗 A man on a lonely islandA man on a lonely island can act as he likes because he has no one to consider except himself. But when Robinson Crusoe discovered footprints in the sand, he could no longer act precisely as before. He had to think of the existence of a companion and the possible effec

2、t of his actions upon a second person. Two people thus suddenly brought face to face can not ignore each other. Either one must overcome the other or they must arrive at some form of coexistence.In the latter event they have first to convince each other of their friendly intentions. When a man comes

3、 upon a tribe whose language he does not know, he will nod and smile, make friendly gestures and perhaps send them small gifts. If these offers are successful, the tribesmen will take him to their village and bring him food and drink. Moreover, the arrival of an important visitor is something out of

4、 the ordinary. So, as an answer to the feeling that their guest should be treated as well as they can, something better than the ordinary food will be provided, and the meal followed by singing and dancing. The host wishes to make his guest feel at home, the guest to show thanks of the kindness he h

5、as received.Questions of good behavior and consideration for others maybe have arisen in one form or another since social life began, because social life is impossible if each person thinks only of himself.If men are to live together in a community they must, as a measure of common sense and in the

6、interest of all，accept a certain number of rules and conventions. Such agreement is more than ever necessary. Chaos may result when four people play bridge according to widely different conventions. The same is true of social life.1. A man on a lonely island can act as he likes, because _. D. he fee

7、ls it unnecessary to consider others2. Two strangers will never get along well unless _.C. they make peace with each other or one defeats the other3. If you meet a tribe whose language you dont know, you can offer all the followings EXCEPT _.A. teaching them your language4. The arrival of an importa

8、nt visitor is something out of the ordinary, so they will .C. receive the visitor better5. If you want to live well in a community, .C. you should follow the rules and conventions of society、有礼貌 Manners are important to happy relations among peopleManners are important to happy relations among peopl

9、e. Everyone likes a person with good manners. No one likes a person with bad manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what to do and what not to do? Well, here are some examples. A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble. Instead, he tries to help them.

10、He is always kind to others. When people are waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. He does not push to the front of the line. On the bus he gives his seat to an older person or a person with a very young child. If he knocks into someone, or gets in his way, he says Excuse me or Im sorry. He says Ple

11、ase when he asks for something and Thank you when he receives something. He stands up when he is speaking to an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person takes his seat. He does not interrupt other people when they are talking. He does not talk too much. He does not talk loudly o

12、r laugh loudly in public. When he is eating, he does not speak with his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spit in public.As a student, it is a bad manner to come late to class. If you are late you should make an apology to the teacher either at the tim

13、e or after the class. It is also a bad manner to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. If you do not know the answer, say so immediately. If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. It is polite for the students to help the teacher. Sometimes students ca

14、n help their teachers to clean the blackboard, to close or open the door or windows. Sometimes there are papers to collect or to hand out. This kind of help is always appreciated. Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different countries. But in all countries it is important to b

15、e kind and helpful. 1. person with good manners is popular with others because _. B. he knows what to do and what not to do on different occasions 2. A person with good manners will _ those in trouble. D. do whatever he can do help 3. When you are with an old man, you should do all the following exc

16、ept _. C. interrupting him if he talks too much 4. Which of the following is NOT proper for a student with good manners to do? A. Making no sound all the time in class. 5. Youd better keep in mind that _. D. When in Rome, do as the Romans do、保护濒危物种 While plant and animal species are disappearingWhil

17、e plant and animal species are disappearing at a rapidly increasing rate throughout the world, scientists note some success stories. For example, the number of elephants killed illegally in Africa has fallen sharply. 89 thousand were killed in 1983. 46 thousand were killed one year later.This happen

18、ed because African countries agreed to establish export limits on ivory from elephants. Ivory is the hard white material that forms an elephants two long teeth, or tusks. Countries that import ivory are refusing to accept ivory shipments that do not have legal export documents.The Convention on Inte

19、rnational Trade in Endangered Species in a treaty signed by 91 nations led to the program for saving endangered elephants in Africa.Successful efforts also have been made in protecting Africas endangered mountain gorillas. Almost 400 of the gorillas survive in a volcano area on the border of Rwanda,

20、 Uganda and Zaire. The mountain gorilla population has remained about the same for 15 years. This happened partly, because Rwanda developed an important business that depends on protecting the gorillas. Visitors there can pay to get close to watch the gorillas in the animals traditional home area.An

21、other successful program is to take endangered animals out of their natural homes. The animals are put into zoos or other protected areas where they can reproduce in safety. The goal of many of these programs is to produce enough animals to put back into the wild.51. What is the best title for this

22、passage? B) Protecting Endangered Species 52. The number of elephants killed illegally in Africa has decreased greatly in that _. A) African countries agreed to establish export limits on ivory from elephants 53. In Africa, the number of elephants killed illegally in 1983 and 1984 was _. C) 135,0005

23、4. The number of mountain gorillas has remained about the same for many years partly because of _. A) the development of an important business that depends on protecting the gorillas55. The phrase the wild in Paragraph 5 refers to _. B) the natural areas full of animals and plants 、卓别林 Charlie chapl

24、in has broken all recordsCharlie chaplin has broken all records in making people laugh no one has so set a whole world laughing as the little man with the walking stick and the overlarge shoes.Much has been written about chaplins art and his career, and opinions have ranged widely. But perhaps those

25、 who called him “the most general human being of our time” came closest to the truth. Those who have called him a genius stress the timeless and common qualities in his work, it is an art filled with sad elements and deep human feeling, with which an audience cannot help but become involved. It is f

26、or these reasons, I believe, that th figure of Charlie has attracted generation after generation.All the writers who give accounts of chaplins life agree that charlies unhappy early years in the area in London where houses were dirty and worn had a great influence on his development and on the type

27、of films he made, chaplin himself emphasizes it in his memoirs(回忆录), the more one reads about his earliest period, the more on tends to agree indeed, his suffering youth had a lasting influence on him.Chaplin was never afraid to deal with subjects causing much disagreement in his films, he gave a hu

28、morous performance on war only a few weeks before the American soldiers came home from world war I in 1918, this was regarded as madness, but the performance was well received. So perfectly did it hit the mail on the head that even the returning soldiers found it impossible to hate it and deeply app

29、reciated this short and humorous performance on what for them had been unpleasant reality. Chaplin gave numerous performances attacking capital governments, satirizing(讽刺) the cruelty of the machine age and even making fun of Hitler.Years after his death, the funny films of motion picture actor and

30、director Charlie chaplin continue to be popular. He is particularly well known for his success as a creator of humorous presentations that make fun of people, the establishment, or networks.1 all of the following about Charlie chaplin are true exceptA he was born in the USA 2 according to the author

31、, Charlie chaplin has been popular with generation after generation becauseD both B and C3 according to Charlie chaplins life history writers,_had a strong influence on the type of films he made.D his unhappy early years in the poor area in London4 according to the passage, which of the following tr

32、ue?D chaplins films are the combinations of funny and sad elements5 this passage wasB written about Charlie chaplin、美国人喜欢上大学 the more you learn, the more you earn“ the more you learn, the more you earn,”said the pop singer Cyndi lauper as she accepted her high school diploma at the age of 35. in the

33、 USA today, about 75% of jobs require some education or technical training beyond high school. The lowest wage earners in the USA are those without high school degrees, college graduates out-earn those without a college education, people with masters degrees out-earn those with only bachelors, and t

34、he highest incomes of all are earned by people with advanced academic degrees. These facts explain why most of young Americans go to college. But more diplomas dont always mean more money. Many skilled blue-collar workers, salespeople, and business executives out-earn college professors and scientis

35、t. And great athletes and actors out- earn everyone else!But college education is not only preparation for a career, it is also (or should be) preparation for life. In addition to courses in their major field of study, most students have time to take elective course. They may take classes that help

36、them understand more about human nature, government, the arts, or sciences.Today, more than half of American high school graduates go to college. But recently high school graduates no longer dominate the college campuses. Today, it is quite common for adults of all ages to come back to college for p

37、ersonal growth. Now about half of all the American college students are older than 25, and 20% of them are over 35.For Americans, to receive college education is very important. This is proved by the rising number of Americans who have at least a bachelors degree. About 20% of Americans are college

38、graduates, however, among younger adults and working people, the percentage is at least 25%, much higher than in most other major nations, in the USA, college education is not regarded as privilege for the wealthy or the academically talented. In fact everyone who wants to go to college can do so.1.

39、 many young Americans want to go to college because B they can get higher income with higher degrees2. it could be concluded from the second paragraph that C college education can make a student understand a lot about the world around him3. when the students study in college, they can D do all of th

40、e above4. in America, the percentage of college graduates among working people is B much higher than in most other major nations5. which of the following can most probably be inferred from the passage? B all of the Americans have realized the importance of receiving a college education、保持年轻 If you w

41、ant to keep youngIf you want to keep young, sit down and have a good think, this is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise, and as a result, we are getting old soon.Professor taiju matsuzawa at Tokyo national university wan

42、ted to find out why quite he althy fanners in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down. With a team of researchers, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and

43、 different jobsComputer technology enabled the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls tasks l

44、ike eating and breathing, does not contract with age.Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was seen in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year -olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contra

45、ction- using the head.The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.” those with least possibility.” Said matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in gover

46、nment offices are, however, as likely to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants”1 the team of doctors wanted to find outB why some people age sooner than others2 the front and side parts of the brain relate to all of the following aspects EXCEPT D eating and bre

47、athing3 the word “subjects”(in paragraph 4) most probably refers to B persons chosen to be studied in an experiment4 according to the research findings, which kind of people seems to age most quickly? D farm workers4 according to the passage, which people seems to age slower than the others? B lawye

48、rs 5 which of the following sentences is NOT mentioned in the passage?C the team of doctors made these tests in order to show how the brain works6 On What are their research findings based?C The study of brain volumes of different people.7 The doctors tests show that _ .D some peoples brains have co

49、ntracted more than other peoples、牛仔裤 In 1848, gold was discovered in CaliforniaIn 1848, gold was discovered in California, from all over the nation, thousands of young men set out for California people called this the time of the gold rush. A gold miner came into a city looking for a pair of pants.

50、He wanted pants strong enough to stand up to the rough work of mining. He met a young man named Levi, who sold heavy cloth for tents and wagon tops. They asked a tailor to use heavy cloth for their pants. Then Levi went into the business of making work pants, he asked his brothers to send him some s

51、trong blue cotton cloth called denim(斜纹粗棉布). With this blue denim cloth, Levi started making the kind of pants we call blue jeans today. They were sewed up in the same way as other pants. In 1860, a miner said that the pockets werent strong enough to hold the pieces of gold he found. The pockets kep

52、t pulling loose from the pants. The cloth was all right. It was the thread that wasnt strong enough. So Levi used rivets(铆钉) attach the pockets onto the pants. Cowboys needed tough pants, too. They liked their pants to fit tightly. But the rivets marked the cowboys saddles. So Levi covered the rivet

53、s with cloth. Then everybody was happy. 1 this article as a whole is about A. how people got blue jeans 2 while not stated in the article, you can tell that C Levi made more money than many gold miners 3 the word this in the first paragraph, last sentence, refers toC. many people looking for gold 4

54、Levi used strong blue cotton cloth to make pants becauseC. miners wanted pants which could stand rough work5 which of the following sentences is not correct? B it was one tailor who started making blue jeans 、关于文化震荡的原因及症状 Culture shock might be called an occupationalCulture shock might be called an

55、occupational disease of people who have been suddenlytransplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own symptoms and cure. Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs andsymbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and o

56、ne ways in which we 4orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meetpeople when and how to give tips how to make purchases when to accept and when to refuseinvitations when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words gest

57、uresfacial expressions customs or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are asmuch a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for ourpeace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues most of which we do not carry on th

58、e levelof conscious awareness. Now when an individual enters a strange culture all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be aseries of props have been knocked from under you followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes thediscomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make me feel bad.” When foreigners ina strange land get together t