定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT)精编版

1、Ilikequietmusic.Ilikemusicthatisquiet.定语从句定语从句1.什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？IknowLearn to discover定语从句定语从句两个句子两个句子两个词两个词主主句句从句从句？1.Iknowagirl2.wholikesred.Jimreadsbooks whicharefun.主句主句 从从句句完整的句子是主句完整的句子是主句不完整的句子是从句不完整的句子是

2、从句3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?两个词两个词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词whowhichthat在在复合句复合句中修饰某一中修饰某一名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫的从句叫定语定语从句。从句。定语从句定语从句先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。而汉语中而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前的定语则放在被修饰词之前关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为引导定语从句的词称为

3、关系词。关系词分为关系关系代词代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和和关系关系副词副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。在句中作状语。Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhoisbeautiful.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句I like music that/which I can dance to.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句I like the

4、singer who is beautiful.I like the movie that is funny.I still remember the first time when I met her. Learntothink关系代词关系代词先行词先行词决定决定先行词先行词关系代词关系代词人人物物人和物人和物whowhichthatthatthatwhom宾语宾语Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple

5、 that is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple I have some friends. Some friends like sports.I have some friends who like sports. 修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词修饰先行词movieThewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词修

6、饰先行词womanMatch the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that t

7、eaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?1.关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示物物的的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfoun

8、d.Thedogwaslost.Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehouse.ThehouseisforsaleThisisthehousethat/whichisforsale.which/that作作主语主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which/that作作宾语宾语：（可省略）可省略）Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatIvejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistake.Ialway

9、smakemistake.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake2.Istillkeeptheletters.ShewrotetheletterstomeIstillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.()（作宾语）（作宾语）()2.关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语引导的定语从句从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示人人的名词或代词，的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who,that(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)who/that作作主语主语.(不能省不能省)Thisisthefilms

10、tar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语作主语) TheboycalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledRoy./thatPractise:who/whom/that作作宾语宾语：(可省略可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamous

11、writer.(作宾语）作宾语） Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.Practise:小结：1).that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。2).which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.3).who指指人人，作主语，不能省略作主语，不能省略；作宾语，作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代

12、词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句从句的的谓语动词形式谓语动词形式由由先行词先行词定。定。 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法: :当先行词是当先行词是物物时时, , 用用which或或that引导引导. .Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是当先行词是人人时时, , 用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who作定语从句的作定语从句的主主语或语或宾宾语语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Th

13、emanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose作定语从句的作定语从句的定定语语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语that可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主主语和语和宾宾语语.注意注意: : 关系代词作

14、动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略. .Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.有时有时只能用只能用that,不不用用which,常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种： 当先行词是当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或或被它们修饰被它们修饰时。时。1).ThatsallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heansweredfewque

15、stionsthattheteacherasked.2).ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修等修饰时。饰时。1).ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.5.先行词同时包括先行词同时包括人或物人或物时，关

16、系词时，关系词用用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?4.当主句以当主句以who或或which开头时，定语从句开头时，定语从句的关系词的关系词用用that,而而不用不用which或或who.关系代词只用关系代词只用which不用不用that情况情况1.关系代词前有介词。关系代词前有介词。2.先行词本身是先行词本身是that.whose作作定语定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。Theboyismyclas

17、smate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.【巧学妙记巧学妙记】定语从句的用法定语从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。定人要用定人要用who或或whom，定物，定物which当先用。当先用。关系代词用关系代词用that，定人定物有本领。，定人定物有本领。when用来定时间，用来定时间，where用来定地点。用来定地点。关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。Ex

18、ercise1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空 The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfat

19、her.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things

20、_ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is

21、the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat先行词先行词1.Iknowagirlwho_(like)red.先行词先行词2.Jimreadsbookswhich_(be)fun.先行词先行词3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey_(be)talkingabout?先行词先行词决定决定关系代词关系代词从句中的谓语动词形

22、式从句中的谓语动词形式likes areare定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致Themp4that_beengiventomeishome-made.(have)I,who_yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be)关系代词做从句的主语时，关系代词做从句的主语时，从句从句的的谓语谓语动动词的人称和数要与先行词词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致保持一致，先行，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。式。Learntopractice1.Tomisoneoftheboysthat_(be)fromtheUSA.2

23、.Tomistheonlyboythat_(be)fromtheUSA.areis【注意注意】Heisoneofthestudentswho_madegreatprogress.MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho_beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(have)oneof+复数名词作先行词时，从句的复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数形式。但若形式。但若one前有前有the（only）the（just）the（very）修饰时，从句的谓语动词用修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数单数形式形式1.Ihaveafriend_likes

24、listeningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.which/thatwhose4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isther

25、eanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismor

26、ethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat10.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMrBall.11.Theteacherfrom_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.12.Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthere.13.Thegirl_youarelookingforisintheclassroom.14.Themeeting_weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.15.Thefactory_Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.16.Theairport_is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity17.Theperson_wontheracewa