主语从句讲解和练习题

1、高考英语主语从句 定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句， 它是名词性从句之一。 主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制 。 引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词 : that, whether ；连接代词 : who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever) 和 which (whichever) ； 连接副词 : when, where, how 和 why 。连接词：1. 从属连词： that ， whether1) that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分， that 本身无实际意义，但不能省略。2) whether 意为“是否”，放在

2、句首句末皆可。由 whether 引导的名词从句做 主语，表语，介词宾语， 同位语时！不可用 if 代替。a.That price will go up is certain.b. Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。2. 连接代词 who ，what ， which, whatever,whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what 可以和ever 构成合成词，和 what 一样引导从句， ever 起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语 it 引导，它 们在句子中担

3、任成分，不能省略，语序为 陈述语序，既有疑问含义 ,又起连接作用 ,同时在从句中充当各种 成分。Which side will win is not clear. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Whatever he did is right. Who killed the scientist remains a question.1)What 和 that 引导的主语从句的区别： that 只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，没有意思。 What 不仅 起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语 )，意思是： “什么”。What we need

4、 is money. That he will come is certain.2 ) whatever / whoever 的用法( ever=no matter - 让步状语从句中)whatever / whoever 可以引导主语从句 ,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。 whatever 相当于 anything that; whoever 相当于 anyone who 。例如 :Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. Whatever(Anything that) she

5、 did was right.3. 连接副词 when ， where ， how ， why 等。既有疑问含义 ,又起连接作用 ,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will be back depends on the weather. When well start tomorrow will be told soon.Where the test will be given is not yet decided.4. 主语从句后置：为了避免主语冗长 ,句子头重脚轻 ,经常用 it 作形式主语 ,

6、主语从句放在后面作真正的主 语.例: That we shall be late is certain. - It s certain that we shall be late.1)用 it 作形式主语的结构A. It + be + 形容词 + that 从句(obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) 如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.B. It + be + 名词词组 + that

7、 从句 (an honour, a fact, a pity, etc )如：It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实 It is com mon kno wledge that 是常识It aspity that we cantgo.C. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc 。) 如： It is said that Mr. Green has a

8、rrived in Beijing.D. It + 不及物动词或短语 + that 从句 ( seem ，happen, doesn mtatter ,turn out )。如：It happened that I was out that day.It doesntmatter whether she will come or not.2) 对于以连接代词 (副词)引导的主语从句 ,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句：a. Whether they would support us was a problem. b. It was a problem whether th

9、ey would support us.3) 主语从句中的否定前移当用 it 作形式主语 ,而将主语从句放在句尾时 ,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:It doesn t seem that they are from the same university.It doesn t appear that we ll have a sunny day tomorrow.、; - 、 :5. 注意 ：1)主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词。误： They should like each other is natural. 正： That they should li

10、ke each other is natural.2)在 It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required中 , that 从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形 ”的形式 , should 有时可以省略。主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数 . It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.3) . 用于 It is important / natural / necessary / impossible t

11、hat.句型中 , 主语从句应使用虚拟语气 , 用“should + 动词原形 ”的形式 , should 有时可以省略。It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.4) “ what引导主语从句时，谓语动词：常与其后的名词作表语一致，且根据句子的语境而定。eg ：What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.5) 在 It is funny, strange, surprising

12、, a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc. + that从句中，有时谓语部分用should + 动词原形，来表达说话者的感情色彩，此时 should 也可省略。6) 语气It be + adj./n. + that-clause 与强调句型均有 It be.that. 之类的语言标志 ,但不同的是 :前者中的 that 从 句是主语从句若删掉其中的It be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的 It be 和 that 去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.强调句型译为汉语时可加上正是或就是之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可

13、以It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名 .It is Mary that has won first place. 正是玛莉得了第一名 .【强调】6.主语从句的规律 ：例 1.When will he come is not known. 正： When he will come is not known. 规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。例 2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正： Tha

14、t he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.规律二、连词 that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。例 3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.规律三、 whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但 if 不能例 4. That whether he will help others is a fact.正： That he

15、 will help others is a fact.规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。例 5. When he will come are a puzzle. 正： When he will come is a puzzle. 规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。1. What he needs is that book.2. What he needs are some books.规律六、 what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式 。规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。That the earth tu

16、rns around the sun is known to all.It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.1.what / that a. he said at the meeting surprised us.b. he turned up at the meetingsurprised us.2. if / whether you go or stay at home won t make any differences.3. What a pity is you didn t arrive by daylight.

17、A. there, becauseB. it, thatC. he, when D. that, for4. no matter how/who/what/where/whenWe are ready to do the country wants us to do.A. what B. whichC. no matter whatD. whatever5.It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A. That B.

18、Why C. What D. How6. _we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .A If B Whether C That D Where7. _ is known to us all is that America is a developed country .A Which B As C What D It8. It s known to us all_ a form of energy .A. water isB. that water isC. is water D. that water to9. It worried

19、 her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. whether B. thatC. whatD. when10. What I say and think _ none of your business.A. isB. are C. has D have11. his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.That B. Whether C. If D. Even if12. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is ha

20、rm.A. which B. where C. whatD. that13. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.- it made me nearly mad.A. That he brokeB. What he broke C. He broke D. His break14.It remains a question we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B. that C. whenD. what15. He made a promise _

21、 anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. thatB. ifC. what D. that if16. They lost their way in the forest and made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A. what; that B. it; thatC. what; whenD. which; what17. that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said B. They are said

22、C. It said D. It says18. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where19. It worried Mary a lot she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whether B. if C. that D. how20. is no possibility Bob will win the first prize in the match.A. There, that B. It, that

23、C. There, whether D. It, whether21. surprised me most was such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what22. helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person23. she couldn t understand wasfe

24、wer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that24. It washe saiddisappo in ted me.A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what25. is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern ati on al la nguage.A. There B. This C. Tha

25、t D. It26. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who27. makes mistakes must correctthem. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever28. Is this factory you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one29. Whe n and why he came hereyet.A. i

26、s not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known30. is no reas on for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateB. Owing to a few minu tes lateC. The fact that she was a few mi nu tes lateD. Bei ng a few mi nu tes late31. Tom liked to eat was differe nt from.A. That that y

27、ou had expected B. Whatthat you had expectedC. That what you had expected D. What what you had expected32. we go swim ming every dayus a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does33.ltBob drives badly.A. thi nks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that34.I ts un certa inthe experime nt is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how35. the boy did nt take medic ine made his mother an gry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which36. we cant get seems better tha nwe h