虚拟语气投影1

1、下面我们来做一下区分联系。看 一下几个句子。1、真实条件状 语从句与非真实条件状语从句eg . 1. If he doesn t hurry up,he will miss the bus. 如果他不 快点，他将错过巴士。2f he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他 会要求我讲故事。3. If I were you, I would go atonce.如果我是你，我马上就会 去。414f there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就 会死亡。典型例题：The volleyball

2、match will be put off if itA. will rain B. rainsC. rained D. is rained.例子：判断正误1f you leave now, you aren ever going to regret it.2. If you leave now, you willn ever regret it.2、用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情 况：if+主语+过去时+其他，主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你， 我会带

3、把伞。2.If I knew his teleph one number, I would tell you. 如果 我知道他的电话号码，我就会告 诉你。3.lf there were no air orwater, there would be no livingthings on the earth. 女口果没有 水和空气，地球上就不会有生 物。4. lf I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 女口果我 带钱了，我就会借给你些。5. lf he studied harder, he might pass the exam.女口果他再

4、努力些，就能通过考试了。2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+ 主语 +had done + 其他， 主语+should/would/could/might+ha ve done+ 其他例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到 她。2f he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告 的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。3、表示对将来情况的主观推测if+主语 +did/be(were)+sth.+ 主语 +

5、should/would/could/might+do+其他 if+ 主语 +should+do+sth.+ 主+should/would/could/might+do+其他 if+ 主语 + were to do+sth.+should/would/could/might+d o+其他例： 1. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday , we would not go skating. 女口果下周日下 大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了 2f he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.如果他

6、哪天来这儿的 话，我就跟他谈谈。3f she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这 儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的 始末。4. 混合虚拟语气女口：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engin eer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的 话，我现在也会成为一个工程师 了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.女口 果他们通知过我们的话，我们现 在就不会来这里了。女口： If

7、 he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已 经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的 话，他肯定会去问候她了。如:If it had not been rain ingtoo much, the crops would be grow ing much better. 女口果天不 下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更 好。If he had bee n working hard, he would be working in the

8、office now.要是他工作一直努 力的话，他现在已进了办公室 了。5. 虚拟语气的倒装女口：1. Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他 去。2. Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的 话，她会同意我们的。3.Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 女口果她 懂一些电脑知识的话，我们早已 经聘用他来这里工作了。典型例题： to do the

9、work,I should do it some other day.A If were I B. I wereC Were I D Was I6、含蓄条件句：Eg : 1 But for his help, we would be work ing now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。2.Without your in struction,I would not have made suchgreat progress. 要是没有你的 指导，我不会取得如此大的进 步。3 We didn t know his telephone nu mber; otherwise we would h

10、ave teleph oned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则 我们就会给他打电话。例如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响 了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了 If only he came early. 但愿他 早点回来。注意： 例如：Joh n went to the stati on with the car to meet Mary, so she didn need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她 不必步行回家了。Joh n

11、 went to the stati on with the car to meet Mary, so she needn have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她 本不必步行回家了。（ Mary步 行回家了，没有遇到John的车）/-虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法（一）宾语从句1. wish后的宾语从句Eg : I wish（that） I were a birdand could fly freely in the sky.（宾语动作与wish同时发生） I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.(宾语动作

12、先于 wish) boots dormmate Follow my adviceHow I wish I could be a man like Bill Gates.(宾语动作后于 wish)大家来比较一下：We hope we will succeed.(we don know if we will succeed.)We wish we would succeed.(We know we can hardly succeed.)2. would rather 禾口 would sooner例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不

13、愿意听 摇滚音乐。If you d rather be alone, w6 ll all leave here.如果你宁愿独自 呆着，那我们都离开这儿。He d rather work in the coun tryside.她宁可到农村去工 作。You would rather stay at home and do some read ing this eve ning. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁 可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。The childre n would walk

14、 there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁 愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽 车。例 I would rather have noodles tha n rice.我宁愿吃面条也不吃 米饭。He would rather drink wine than beer.他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜 欢喝啤酒。Rather tha n work in such bad con diti on, he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃平行结构例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我宁愿骑自行 车也不愿

15、乘公共汽车去上班。I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁 愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说 话。would rathe叶从句，是一个常用 的虚拟语气句型例1若表示现在或将来的事 情，从句的谓语动词用一般过去 式：I rather you met her at the airport tomorrow mornin g.（将 来）。我但愿你明天早上能在机场见 到他。I rather we had a rest now现 在）。我希望我们现在休息一下。2若谈论过去动作，从句的谓 语动词用过去完成式：I rather you

16、 hadnttold him the n ews that day.（过去）我宁可你那天没有把那消息告 诉他。2种使用：1.表示现在或过去：I rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning.我但愿你明天早上在机场见到 他。I rather we had a rest now. 我希望我们现在休息一下2.I rather you hadn told him the news that day.我宁可你那天没有把那消息告 诉他。为什么没有“将来”？3 在表示建议，要求，命令等 意思的动词做主句的谓语，如： suggest in sist or

17、der, request ,require, command, dema nd ,desire, arrange, suggest 等动词后的宾语从句要虚拟成 should +do（1）高中词汇:advise （劝告）、 ask （要求）、decide （决定）、 insist （坚持）、order （下令）、 suggest （建议）等。（2）常考词汇:command命令）、 deman（要求）、desire （渴望）、 propose （提议）、recommen（劝 告）、 require （要求）等。（3）其他词汇：consent （同意）、 deserve （值得提起）、 mainta

18、in （主张）、 move（提议）、 urge （极力主 张）、 vote （提议）等。例句 1.We suggested that we （should）have a meeting. 我们 建议开个会2.We insisted that they （should）go with us. 我们坚持 要去他们和我们一起去。3 The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. 医生命令她卧床休 息几日。4The commanderordered that the bridge (should )be bombed.

19、指挥员命令把桥炸掉。考点：例子：1 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.2 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.大家可以看一下教材 p140 页 第 7 点。看教材 p141 第八点：例句1.He madea request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off=He requested that he be allowed to take 3days off.2. Our

20、 suggestion is that education not be industrialized.=We suggest that education not be industrialized.3.It was suggested that he attend the conference. 有人建议他出席那个会议。 后面这句话 he attend the conference 是真 正的主语， it 是形式主语。（二）主语从句It is advisable that we (should) protect the environment.这些形容词包括： （1）高中词汇： decid

21、ed （决定 的）、 important （重要的）、 ordered （命令的）等。 （ 2）常考词汇： advisable （合 理的）、demanded（要求的）、 desired （期望的）、 desirable （合乎需要的） 、essential （紧 要的）、 insistent （坚持的）、 natural （自然的） 、preferable（更可取的）、proposed （建议 的）、recomme nded（推荐的）、required （要求的）、 urgent （紧迫的）、vital （极其重要的）等。 eg：It is highly desirable that a n

22、ew mayor be ap pointed for this city 这座城市急需任命一位新市长。（三）表语从句和同位语从 句 His proposal is right. 表语His proposal is that weturn off TV.表语从句这些名词包括： advice （忠告）、 decisi on （决定）、dema nd （要 求）、desire （渴望）、idea （想 法）、motion （提议）、necessity（必要性）、 order （命令）、 plan （计划）、 preference （偏 爱）、 proposal （建议）、 recommendatio

23、n （推荐） 、requirement （要求）、 suggestion （建议）等。 例句 1His proposal is that we turn off TVfor half an hour every day 他建议我们每天少看半 个小时的电视。2 My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.同位语从句 :3. We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dubai for sightseeing.总结：1.I advise that we sta

24、y and wait here.（动词后的宾语从句）2.It is advised that we stay here.（ 主语从句 ）3.It is advisable that we stay here. （主语从句）4.My advice is that we stay here.（ 表语从句 ）5.I offered the advice that we stay here.（ 同位语从句 ）6.I think it advisable that we stay here.（ 宾语从句 ）（四）状语从句 涉及虚拟语 气的主要有2个词组：as though /as if, 和 lest/

25、in case/ for fear that1.as if/as though:从句动作指的是现在，用过去 式，如：He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他这样对待我，好像 我是陌生人。He looked at me as if I were mad.他那样看我，好像我是个疯 子。注意：不考虑主句时态。 从句表示的动作发生在过去， 用 过去完成式， 如： She talked with Millie as if they had known each other for years. 她和米莉聊天， 看起来她 们像是多年前就认识了。从句表示的动作发生在将来

26、， 用 过去将来时，如： He looks as if he would head for London. 他的样子看起来要去伦敦似的。2lest in case for fear that 引导的状语从 句例句：1The old woman walked s lowly lest she( should ) slip 老太太走得很慢，以免滑 倒。看教材 p140 第六点2She closed the windows for fear that she (should) catchcold. 她关上了窗户以防感 冒。(五) 定语从句It is (high/about)time(that) 。例

27、句It is time that the childrenwent to bed=It is high time that thechildren should go to bed.It is time that we pro tected our environment 我们应该保护我们的环境了。 三、虚拟语气在表示祝愿的句子 中的应用在 if only 或 if only （但 愿、要是就好了）引起的表 示遗憾的感叹句中， 谓语动词使 用虚拟语气，形式为过去时。 例句 18：If only I could see Jordan 我要是能见到乔丹就好 了。If only I were a f

28、lying bird=How I wish I were a flying bird! 与现在相反If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film ！与过去相反虚拟语气练习题 （ 巩固练习 ）1.It is important that the hotel receptionist that guests areregistered correctly.A. make sure B. has made sure C. made sure D. must make sure2.The mad man was put in th

29、e soft-padded cel（l 单人房间） lest he himself.A. injureB. had injuredC. injured D. would injured3.Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.A. had studied B. study C. studied D. had been studying4.If only the committee theregulations and put them into effects as soon as p

30、ossible.A. approve B. would approve C. can approve D. will approve5. As Commander-in-Chief on the armed forces ,I have directed that all measures for our defense.A. be taken B. would be taken C. to be taken D. had been taken6. The article suggeststhat when a person under unusual stresshe should be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet.A. be B. was C. is D. were7. Things might have been much worse if the mother on rightto keep the baby.A. had insisted B. has been insisting C. insisted D. would