if条件状语从句中虚拟语气

1、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现， 能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： 与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主

2、句中则用情态动词would,should, could等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例:、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.（2）、 If I were a teacher , I would be strict with my students.、If it should snow tomorrow, they could nt go out.2、注意事项： if条件句中如有 were, should, had，可以省去 if，并使用倒装语序。 在现代英语中if 条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be 其过去形式一般用were。

3、二、 虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法：（一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：从句：if + 主语+动词的过去式_（be_用were） + ，主句： 主语 + would （should, could , might） +动词原形 + 例:1. If it weren t for your help, we would get into trouble.如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助）2.If the weather were fine, I would go there.如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好）3.If I were you, I

4、would read it agai n.如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你）4.If time permitted, I would write it again.如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许）5.If it weren t snowing, we wouldn t stay in the house.要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪）6.What would I do if I were in your place?要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上）7.If he hurried, he could catch th

5、e first bus.他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急）8. If I were you, I should buy it.（从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy）9. If I had time, I would study French.（如果有时间，我会学习法文。）（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study ）10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.（如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。）（从句用过去式动词knew,主句用动词原形 ask）注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：主语 + wou

6、ld be +进行式动词 + 14. If they were here, he would be speak ing tothem now.（从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking）（二）、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ had_+_过去完成式动词+ 主句：主语+ would （should, could, might） + have +过去完成式动词+例如:如果你听、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.了我的劝告，就不会犯这

7、样的错误。（事实上你没有听我的劝告）had n t lived among the、I shouldn t have been able to write such good novels if Ipeasa nts for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年，就不可能写岀这样好的小说。（事实上我和农民生活了五年）、If you hadn t invited me, I shouldn t have come to the party.女口果你不邀请我，我就不会来参加你的舞会。（事实上你邀请了我）、If I hadn t been ill yesterday, I might h

8、ave come to school.昨天要是不生病，我是可能来上学的。（事实上我生病了）、If he hadn t broken the law, he wouldn ison.女口果他不违法的话，就不会被打入监狱。（事实上他违法了）、 If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school.我要是你们校长的话，就把你开除学籍了。（事实上我不是）注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：”主语+ would + have +完成进行式动词+ 、 If they had been here, he would hav

9、e bee n speak ing to them.（从句动词用 hadbee n, 主句动词用 have bee n speak ing）（三）、表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句（对将来的事实实现的可能性不大）。其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ should （ 或were） +动词原形+ 主句：主语 + would （could,should, might） +动词原形 + 例如：、If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题，我会用另外一种方法的。如果你再做这样的、If you wer

10、e to do such a thi ng aga in, you would be puni shed. 事情，就会受到惩罚。I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话，如果明天下雨的话，我将待在家里。万一他来了，我就能够向他请如果明天他来的话，我将和他一起做此从句动词用should rain，主句动词用从句动词用were,主句动词用give）、If I should work harder我会取得更大的进步。（事实上我不可能努力学习、If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.（根据天气情况，明天不可能下雨）、If he should come, I could ask him for some advice.教。（事实上他来的可能性很小）、If he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.事。（事实上他来的可能性很小）、 If it should rain, the crops would be saved.（ be）如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。、 If h