优质Exercise3

1、Time Limit 45minsPART II. READINGDirections: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Research indicates that pare

2、nts who reward self-control and independence tend to have childre n with high achieveme nt motivati on. Such pare nts set high sta ndards for their childre n but allow them to work at their own level and to make their own mistakes. By contrast, parents of low-need achievers typically set impossibly

3、high goals for their children and make extreme dema nds. In additi on, pare nts of high-need achievers en courage good performa nee but do not berate their childre n whe n they fail. If a child comes home from school with four As and one B on a report card, the pare nts focus on the As; pare nts of

4、a pote ntial low-n eed achiever tend to ask,Why the B?” Parents of high-need achievers respond to average grades with warmth and suggestio ns for reas on able goals and ways to reach them. Pare nts of low-n eed achievers might say,You e dumb and lazy and you never amount to anything ” , and punish t

5、he child. When a child is havi ng trouble with a math problem, the pare nt of a pote ntially high-n eed achiever will suggest the general procedure and let the child work out the particular solution; a low-need achiever pare nt will solve the problem and the n hand the child the an swer.That n eeds

6、for achieveme nts exist withi n all of us, to vary ing degrees, is undeni able. And although biological bases for at least the achieveme nt n eed have bee n proposed, a great deal more is known about the psychological bases of these n eeds and how they come about. Closely related to motivation are e

7、motions, which can activate and direct behavior in much the same way as physiological, social, and psychological motivati ons do.31. accord ing to the passage, pare nts of low-n eed achievers.A. usually leave their childre n aloneB. set too high sta ndards for their childre nC. allow for failure on

8、the part of their childre nD. con trol their childre n to a minimum degree32. In the fourth sentence of Paragraph 1, the word berate probably means.A. praiseB. criticizeC. observeD. n eglect33. What will parents of high-need achievers do if their children don get good marks for all courses?A. Critic

9、ize them for the lower marks and praise them for the good.B. Praise them and give some suggesti ons for further improveme nt.C. Praise them for the good marks and reward them.D. Criticize them for the lower marks and punish them.34. If a child has difficulty with his / her homework, a pare nt of a l

10、ow-n eed achiever.A. tell him the an swer directlyB. give him some suggestio nsC. let him solve the problem by himselfD. scold and punish him35. The passage is mainly about the role of.A. reward in promoti ng their childre n studyB. self-c on trol and in depe ndence in child growthC. emoti onal reac

11、t ion in promot ing achieveme ntD. praise in promoti ng desired behaviorPassage 2Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a differe nee in how long the misery lasts.The America n Lung Associati on (ALA) has issued n

12、ew guideli nes on combat ing colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That because the prescripti on drugs available for the flu n eed to be take n soon after the ill ness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a pers on starts tak ing over-the-co un ter remedy,

13、 the sooner relief will come.The com mon cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More tha n 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either ill ness, but the flu can be preve nted by the flu vacc ine, which is, for most p

14、eople, the best way to fight the flu, accord ing to the ALA.But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and com mon cold have many similarities, there are some obvious sig ns to look for.Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradu

15、ally, and adults and tee ns ofte n do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in gen eral, flu symptomsin cludi ng fever andchills, sore throat and body aches come on sudde nly and are more severe tha n cold symptoms.The ALA notes

16、that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, childre n and tee ns wi

17、th a cold or flu should not take aspiri n for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症),a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.There is, of course, no vacci ne for the com mon cold. But freque nt hand washi ng and avoid ing close con tact with people who ha

18、ve colds can reduce the likelihood of catch ing one.36. Accord ing to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help.A. shorte n the durati on of the ill nessB. the patie nt buy medic ine over the coun terC. the patie nt obta in cheaper prescriptio n drugsD. preve nt people from catchi ng col

19、ds and the flu37. We lear n from the passage that.A. one doesn t need to take any medicine if he has a coldr the fluB. aspiri n should not be in cluded in over-the-co un ter medici nes for the fluC. delayed treatme nt of the flu will harm the liver and cen tral n ervous systemD. over-the-co un ter d

20、rugs can be take n to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu38. Accord ing to the passage, to combat the flu effectively,.A. one should ide ntify the virus which causes itB. one should con sult a doctor as soon as possibleC. one should take medici ne upon catch ing the diseaseD. one should rema

21、 in alert whe n the disease is spreadi ng39. Which of the follow ing symptoms will dist in guish the flu from a cold?A. A stuffy no se.B. A high temperature.C. A sore throatD. A dry cough.40. If childre n have flu-like symptoms, their pare nts.A. are advised n ot to give them aspiri nB. should watch

22、 out for sig ns of Reye syn dromeC. are en couraged to take them to hospital for vacc in ati onD. should preve nt them from mixing with people running a feverPassage 3To call some one bird-bra ined in En glish means you think that pers on is silly or stupid. But will this descripti on soon disappear

23、 from use in the light of recent research? It seems the En glish may have bee n un fair in associati ng birds brains with stupidity.In an attempt to find out how different creatures see the world, psychologists at Brown Uni versity in the U.S.A. have bee n compari ng the behaviour of birds and huma

24、ns. One experime nt has involved teaching pigeons to recognize letters of the English alphabet. The birds study in “ classrooms which are boxes equipped with a computer. After about four days of studying a particular letter, the pigeon has to pick out that letter from several displayed on the comput

25、er scree n. Three male pige ons have lear nt to disti nguish all twen ty-six letters of the alphabet in this way.A computer record of the birds four-month study period has shown surprising similarities betwee n the pige ons and huperforrha nee. Pige ons and people find the same letters easy, or hard

26、 to tell apart. For example, 92 perce nt of the time the pige ons could tell the letter D from the letter Z. But whe n faced with U and V(ofte n con fused by En glish childre n), the pige ons were right only 34 perce nt of the time.The results of the experiments so far have led psychologists to conc

27、lude that pigeons and huma ns observe things in similar ways. This suggests that there is someth ing fun dame ntal about the recog niti on process. If scie ntists could only discover just what this recog niti on process is, it could be very useful for computer desig ners. The disadva ntage of a pres

28、e nt-day computer is that it can only do what a human being has programmed it to do, and the programmer must give the computer precise, logical instructions. Maybe in the future, though, computers will be able to think like huma n bein gs.41. The writer suggests that the expression-brained “ bimight

29、 be out of use soon because itA. sillyB. impoliteC. unn ecessaryD. i nappropriate42. Psychologists have bee n experime nti ng with pige ons to find out whether the birds.A. are really silly or stupidB. see the world as huma n beings doC. can lear n to make ideas known to peopleD. learn more quickly

30、tha n childre n43. U and V are con fused byB. 92 perce nt of pige onsD. 34 perce nt of pige onsA. many En glish childre n C. most people lear ning En glish44. There are similarities in observi ng things by pige ons and huma ns.A. because pige ons are taught by huma nsB. because pige ons have brains

31、more developed tha n other birdsC. because pige ons and huma ns have similar brainsD. because their basic ways to know the world are the same45. The research may helpA. psychologistsB） computer salesme nC. computer desig nersD） teachersPassage 4If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a

32、job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that compa nies like graduates in such fields as bus in ess and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.That s especially true of boo ming fields that are challe nging for workers. At Corn ell s Schoolo

33、f Hotel Adm ini strati on, for example, bachelor s dege aigiaduates of four or fivejob offers with salaries ranging from the high tee ns to the low 20s and ple nty of cha nces for rapid adva nceme nt. Large compa ni es, especially, like a backgro und of formal educati on coupled with work experie ne

34、e.But in the long run, too much specializati on does n pay off. Busin ess, which has bee n flooded with MBAs, no Ion ger con siders the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may ope n doors and comma nd a higher salaryin itially, but the impact of a degree washes outafter five yearsAs furth

35、er evidenee of the erosion （ 销蚀）of corporate （公司的）faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practicehough companies tend totake on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle- and upper-level management. TKey want someone who

36、isn t constr（限制d） by nuts and bolts to look at thebig picture says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal stateme nt that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate.Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writi ng and com mu

37、ni cati on skills, orga ni zatio nal skills, ope n-min ded ness and adaptability, and the ability to an alyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire an ybody with an MBA or an engin eeri ng degree. I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing thi

38、ngs, says Birchabibmiaans an academically thoroughand strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, scienee, human behavior plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. A libera-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other te

39、chnical training is a very good comb in atio n in the marketplace, says Scheetz.46. What kinds of people are in high dema nd on the job market?A. Students with a bachelor s degree in humanities.B. People with an MBA degree from top universities.C. People with formal schooli ng plus work experie nee.

40、D. People with special training in engin eeri ng.47. By saying .but the impact of a degree washes out after five years ”Line3, Para.3), theauthor means.A. most MBA programs fail to provide stude nts with a solid foun dati onB. an MBA degree does not help promoti on to man agerial positi onsC. MBA pr

41、ograms will not be as popular in five years time as they are nowD. i n five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got48. According to Scheetz s statement (B-UpParad), companies prefer.A. people who have a strategic mindB. people who are tale nted in fine artsC. people who

42、are ambitious and aggressiveD. people who have received training in mecha nics49. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because.A) they are more capable of han dli ng cha nging situatio nsB) they can stick to established ways of solvi ng problemsC) they are thoroughly trained in

43、a variety of specialized fieldsD) they have atte nded special programs in man ageme nt50. Which of the follow ing stateme nts does the author support?A) Specialists are more expe nsive to hire tha n gen eralists.B) Formal schooli ng is less importa nt tha n job training.C) On-the-job training is, in

44、 the long run, less costly.D) Gen eralists will outdo specialists in man ageme nt.Passage 5The train clattered over points and passed through a stati on.Then it bega n sudde nly to slow dow n, presumably in obedie nee to a sig nal. For some minu tes it crawled along, the n stopped; prese ntly it beg

45、a n to move forward aga in. Ano ther up-tra in passed them, though with less vehemence than the first one. The train gathered speed again. At that mome nt ano ther trai n, also on a dow n-li ne, swerved in wards towards them, for a mome nt with almost alarming effect. For a time the two trains ran p

46、arallel, now one gaining a little, now the other. Mrs. McGillicuddy looked from her window through the windows of the parallel carriages. Most of the bli nds were down, but occasi on ally the occupa nts of the carriages were visible. The other train was not very full and there were many empty carria

47、ges.At the mome nt whe n the two trai ns gave the illusi on of being stati on ary, a bli nd in one of the carriages flew up with a sn ap. Mrs. McGillicuddy looked into the lighted first-class carriage that was only a few feet away.Then she drew her breath in with a gasp and half-rose to her feet.Sta

48、nding with his back to the window and to her was a man. His hands were round the throat of a woman who faced him, and he was slowly, remorselessly, strangling her. Her eyes were starti ng from their sockets, her face was purple. As Mrs. McGillicuddy watched, fasci nated, theend came; the body went l

49、imp and crumpled in the man s han ds.At the same moment, Mrs. McGillicuddy s train slowed down again and the other began togain speed. It passed forward and a mome nt or two later it had vani shed from sight.Almost automatically Mrs. McGillicuddyhand went up to the com muni catio n cord, the npaused

50、, irresolute. After all, what use would it be ringing the cord of the train in which she wastravelli ng? The horror of what she had see n at such close quarters, and the unu sual circumsta nces, made her feel paralysed. Some immediate action was n ecessary but what?The door of her compartme nt was d

51、raw n back and a ticket collector said,“ Ticket, please.51. When Mrs. McGuillicuddy s train passed through a station, it .A. gained speed sudde nlyB. kept its usual speedC. cha nged its speedD. stopped immediately52. Mrs. McGuillicuddy seems to be a (an)pers on.A. observa ntB. in terestedC. no isyD.

52、 n ervous53. What did Mrs. McGuillicuddy happen to wit ness?A. A quarrelB. A murderC. An in timate sce neD. A fight54. What Mrs. McGuillicuddy saw in the parallel train made her feel.A. excitedB. an xiousC. worriedD. horrified55. Mrs. McGuillicuddy didn t ring the communication cord immediately beca

53、us .A. she was very much afraidB. there was no point of doing soC. she was too shocked to moveD. the ticket collector came inPART III. VOCABULARY & STRUCTURE 15 points, 0.5 point each56. He wasto steal the money whe n he saw it lying on the table.A. draggedB. temptedC. elicitedD.attracted57.To survi

54、ve in the intense trade competiti on betwee n coun tries, we mustthe qualitiesand varieties of products we make to the world-market dema nd.A. improveB. enhanceC.guara nteeD.gear58.House buyers usually have a large in itialon carpets and furn iture.A. moneyB. timeC. choiceD.outlay59.,hes in charge,

55、but not in fact his secretary takes all the decisions.A.Fran klyB. TheoreticallyC.Hon estlyD.In theory60.The rain hadright through (his clothes) to his skin.A. passedB. goneC. pen etratedD.poured61.Marriage at this stage could beto your career.A. helpB. damageC. useD.fatal62.Mary was a book-lover. S

56、he used toa big bill at the bookstore.A. sum upB. take upC. run upD.run into63. the in creas ing air polluti on, we must be clearly aware that it threats all huma nbei ngs.A. But forB. Not forC. ForD. As for64. Come and sit by the fire - you lookto the bon e.A. chilledB. wetC. coldD. terribleHe igno

57、red the persistent ringing, thinking that important messageswould himsooner or later.A. callB. reachC. comeD. passThis local magaz ine which made its first appeara nee less tha n a year ago has already had a of 500,000.A. publicati on B.nu mberC. circulati on D. sizeThe helicopters will be used to send the rescue team to the scene of disasteranemerge n