单片机英文文献

1、单片机英文文献Principle of MCUSingle-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core At the same tim

2、e, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex system integration on a single chipAlso known as single-chip MCU (Microcontrol

3、ler), because it was first used in the field of industrial contro1. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the

4、complex and demanding on the volume control devices ITEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor, From then on, the MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted waysEarly single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is IXTEL s 80

5、31, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise Since then in 8031 to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series Based on single-chipmicrocomputer system of the system is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial chip 16-bit single-chip

6、high-end status, and enter the mainstream market Traditional 8bit single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power compared to the 80s to raise a few hundred times At present, the high-end 32bit single-chip frequency over 300MHz, the performance of the mid-90 s close on the he

7、els of a special processor, while the ordinary price of the model dropped to one U S dollars, the most high-end models, only 10 U S dollars.control requirements increase in the beginning the price has not been very widely used After product development, single-chip technology is subsequent ARM in pa

8、rticular, a broad range ofof a 16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the 90s with the big consumer electronics a huge improvement INTEL i960 Series with applications, quickly replaced by 32bit singleContemporary single-chip microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the

9、 development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of single-chip microcomputer. In PDAs and cell phones as the core processing of high-end single-chip or even a dedicated direct access to Windows and Linux operating systems.More than a ded

10、icated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of single-chip is the worlds largest computer Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a singlechip integration. Phone, telephone, calcu

11、latoT, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1一2 single chip And personal computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the

12、 general single-chip, complex industrial control systems and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the same time! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated computing, even more than the number of human beingsHardwave introductionThe 8051 family of micro controllers is

13、 based on an architecture which is highly optimized for embedded control systems. It is used in a wide variety of applications from militaryequipment to automobiles to the keyboard on your PC Second only to the Motorola 68HC11 in eight bit processors sales, the 8051 family of microcontrollers is ava

14、ilable in a wide array of variations from manufacturers such as Intel, Philips, and Siemens These manufacturers have added numerous features and peripherals to the 8051 such as I2C interfaces, analog to digital converters, watchdog timers, and pulse width modulated outputs Variations of the 8051 wit

15、h clock speeds up to 40MHz and voltage requirements down to 1. 5 volts are available This wide range of parts based on one core makes the 8051 family an excellent choice as the base architecture for a company s entire line of products since it can perform many functions and developers will only have

16、 to learn this one platform.The basic architecture consists of the following features: an eight bit ALU 32 descrete I/O pins (4 groups of 8) which can be in dividually accessed two 16 bit timer/counters full duplex UART 6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels 128 bytes of on board RAM separate 64

17、K byte address spaces for DATA and CODE memoryOne 8051 processor cycle consists of twelve oscillator periods Each of the twelve oscillator periods is used for a special function by the 8051 core such as op code fetches and samples of the interrupt daisy chain for pending interrupts. The time require

18、d for any 8051 instruction can be computed by dividing the clock frequency by 12, inverting that result and multiplying it by the number of processor cycles required by the instruction in question. Therefore, if you have a system which is using an 11.059MHz clock, you can compute the number of instr

19、uctions per second by dividing this value by 12 This gives an instruction frequency of 921583 instructions per second Inverting this will provide the amount of time taken by each instruction cycle (1.085 microseconds)单片机原理单片机是指一个集成在一块芯片上的完整计算机系统。尽管他的大部分功能集成 在一块小芯片上，但是它具有一个完整计算机所需要的大部分部件：CPU、内存、 内部和外

20、部总线 系统，目前大部分还会具有外存。同时集成诸如通讯接口、定时器，实时时钟等外围 设备。而现在最强大的单片机系统甚至可以将声音、图像、网络、复杂的输入输出系统集成在一块 芯片上。单片机也被称为微控制器(Microcontroller ),是因为它最早被用在工业控制领 域。单片 机出芯片内仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。最早的设计理念是通过将大 量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中，使计算机系统更小，更容易集成进复杂的而对 体积要求严格的控 制设备当中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照这种思想设计出的处理器， 从此以后，单片机和专用处理器的发展便分道扬熊。早期的单片机都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是

21、INTEL的8031,因为简单可靠 而性 能不错获得了很大的好评。此后在8031上发展出了 MCS51系列单片机系统。基 于这一系统的单片机系统直到现在还在广泛使用。随着工业控制领域要求的提高， 开始出现了 16位 单片机，但因为性价比不理想并未得到很广泛的应用。90年代后 随着消费电子产品大发展，单片机技术得到了巨大的提高。随着INTEL i960系列特别 是后来的ARM系列的广泛应用，32位单片机迅速取代16位单片机的高端地位，并且 进入主流市场。而传统的8位单片机的 性能也得到了飞速提高，处理能力比起80 年代提高了数百倍。目前，高端的32位单片机主 频已经超过300MHz，性能直追90 年代中期的专用处理器，而普通的型号出厂价格跌落至1美元，最高端的型号也只有 10美元。当代单片机系统已经不再只在裸机环境下开发和使用，大量专用的嵌入式 操作系统被广泛应用在全系列的单片机上。而在作为掌上电脑和手机核心处理的高 端单片机甚至可以直接使用专用的Windows和Linux操作系统。单片机比专用处理器更适合应用于嵌入式系统，因此它得到了最多的应用。事 实上单片机是世界上数量最多的计算机。现代人类生活中所用的几乎每件电子和机 械产品中都会集成 有单片机。手机、电话、计算器、家用电器、电子玩具、掌上电 脑以及鼠标等电脑配件中都 配有1-2部单片机。而个人电