合作采购程序对建设项目绩效的影响：一个概念框架

1、莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆

2、莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃

3、蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄

4、肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅

5、肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃

6、膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃

7、腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄

8、芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂

9、芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂

10、芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃

11、荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁

12、莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁膃莇衿肀芆薃螅聿莈莆蚁肈肈薁薇膇膀莄袆膆节蕿螂膆莄莂蚈膅肄薈蚄膄芆蒀羂膃荿蚆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蚀螈芃蒇薆袇莅蚃袅袆肅蒅螁袅芇蚁螇袄莀薄蚃袃蒂莆羁袃膂薂袇袂芄莅螃袁莆薀虿羀肆莃薅罿膈蕿袄羈莀莁袀羇蒃蚇螆羇膂蒀蚂羆芅蚅薈羅莇蒈袇羄肇蚃螃肃腿蒆虿肂芁蚂薅肂蒄蒄羃肁薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄

13、袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅

14、袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃

15、蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃

16、薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄

17、薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂

18、薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂

19、蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀

20、蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁

21、螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂

22、螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀

23、螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀

24、袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁

25、蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿

26、蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿

27、薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀

28、薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈

29、蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈

30、蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄肄羇蒄袆袇莆蒃薆螀节蒂蚈羅膈蒂螁螈肄蒁蒀羄羀薀薂螇芈蕿蚅羂膄薈螇螅膀薇薇肀肆薆虿袃莅薆螁聿芁薅袄袁膇薄薃肇肃芀蚆袀罿芀螈肅芈艿蒈袈芄芈蚀膃膀芇螂羆肅芆袅蝿莄芅薄羅芀芄蚇螇膆莄蝿羃肂莃蒈螆羈莂薁羁莇莁螃螄芃莀袅聿腿荿薅袂肅莈蚇肈羁莈螀袁艿蒇葿肆膅蒆薂衿肁蒅蚄 effects of cooperative pro

31、curement procedures on construction project performance : a conceptual framework合作采购程序对建设项目绩效的影响：一个概念框架abstract摘要in this paper, we develop a testable holistic procurement framework that examines how a broad range of procurement related factors affects project performance criteria. based on a compreh

32、ensive literature review, we put forward propositions suggesting that cooperative procurement procedures (joint specification, selected tendering, soft parameters in bid evaluation, joint subcontractor selection, incentive-based payment, collaborative tools, and contractor self-control) generally ha

33、ve a positive influence on project performance (cost,time, quality, environmental impact, work environment, and innovation). we additionally propose that these relationships are moderated or mediated by the collaborative climate (i.e. the trust and commitment among partners) in the project and moder

34、ated by the overall project characteristics (i.e. how challenging the project is in terms of complexity, customization, uncertainty, value/size, and time pressure).based on our contribution, future research can test the framework empirically to further increase the knowledge about how procurement fa

35、ctors may influence project performance.在本文中，我们开发了一个可测试的整体采购框架，探讨广泛采购的相关因素如何影响项目的性能标准。在一个全面的文献回顾的基础上，我们提出了主张和建议合作采购程序（联合规范，选择招标，评标中的软参数，联合分包商的选择，激励为基础的支付方式，协作工具，和承包商的自我控制）一般都有对项目绩效的正面影响（成本，时间，质量，环境影响，工作环境，创新）。此外，我们建议这些关系被合作气氛（即合作伙伴之间的信任和承诺）和整体项目的特点（即项目在复杂性，个性化，不确定性，价值/大小和时间压力等方面是怎么样的）所主导。在我们贡献的基础上，未

36、来的研究可以测试框架经验，进一步加大有关如何采购的因素可能会影响项目绩效的知识体系。1. introduction引言since construction projects and/or their outcomes heavily affect our modern society, the importance of a well-functioning construction industry is beyond doubt(cheung et al., 2001). in many countries the construction industry has, however, a

37、ttracted criticism for inefficiencies in outcomes such as time and cost overruns, low productivity, poor quality, and inadequate customer satisfaction(egan, 1998; sou, 2000; yasamis et al., 2002; chanet al., 2003). practitioners, researchers, and society at large have, therefore, called for a change

38、 in attitudes,behaviour, and procedures in order to increase the chances for project success and improved end products(dubois and gadde, 2002). the client is proposed to act as a change agent in such a change (egan, 1998; sou,2000). the way the client deals with procurement determines responsibiliti

39、es and authorities in the entire construction process, affecting the degree of integration and cooperation among project participants (love et al.,1998; briscoe et al., 2004).由于建设项目和（或）他们的成果，严重影响着我们的现代社会，因此一个运转良好的建筑行业的重要性是无庸置疑的。然而，建筑业已在许多国家被批评为效率低下的成果，如时间和成本超支，生产效率低，质量差，客户满意度不足。因此，从业者，研究者，乃至整个社会都呼吁从

40、态度，行为和程序进行改变，以促进项目的成功和提高最终产品的质量。业主是在在这样的变化下作为变革代表者被提出的。与采购客户交易的方式所确定的责任和权限在整个施工过程中将影响项目参与者之间的一体化合作的程度。since traditional procurement procedures cause adversarial relationships and many problems in all stages of the buying process, this is a vital improvement area that can contribute substantially to

41、project success (cheung et al., 2003; eriksson and laan,2007). although procurement procedures need to be tailored to enhance the fulfillment of different project performance objectives (cox and thompson, 1997; wardaniet al., 2006), clients tend to choose those procurement procedures that they have

42、a good knowledge of and a habit of using, regardless of any differences between projects (love et al., 1998; eriksson, 2008b). for a new procurement procedure to be implemented, clients need to feel confident of how to use it and have positive attitudes towards its effect on outcomes (tysseland, 200

43、8). hence, the key to a change of practice lies in an increased understanding of how different novel procurement procedures actually work and affect project performance.由于传统的采购程序会导致敌对的关系，并在购买过程的各个阶段中存在许多问题，因此传统的采购程序是一个重要的改进方面，可以大大有助于项目的成功。虽然采购程序需要进行调整，以促进不同项目的绩效目标的实现，但是客户倾向于选择那些具有很好知识体系和方便使用的采购程序，而不

44、在意项目之间的不同。对于即将实施的新的采购程序，客户需要的是如何使用它的信心和对其产生的结果有积极向上的态度。因此，实践的变化，关键在于认识不同的新的采购程序如何实际工作以及影响项目绩效。even though issues relating to procurement procedures seem highly important for accomplishing project success,earlier research on this topic is limited. the few conducted investigations focused on how only

45、one or a few procurement related factors affect a few project outcomes. examples are how bid evaluation affects cost and schedule growth (assaf and al-hejji, 2006; wardani et al., 2006),how technology usage (joint it-tools) affects cost and time performance (yang, 2007), and how the use of partnerin

46、g tools affects partnering success (tang et al., 2006). in order to achieve successful governance of construction projects, a holistic and systemic approach to procurement procedures is crucial (cox and thompson, 1997; eriksson, 2008a;pesamaa et al., 2009). the purpose of this study is therefore to

47、develop a testable holistic procurement framework that examines how a broad range of procurement related factors affects project performance criteria. by doing this,the paper will contribute with both a holistic perspective on procurement effects on performance and a detailed perspective, discussing

48、 specific procedures effect on certain performance criteria. by using this framework in future empirical investigations, it will be possible to analyse if and how different factors and criteria interact and affect one another. to fulfil the aim, a comprehensive literature review of procurement relat

49、ed success factors and success criteria reflecting construction project performance is carried out.即使采购程序有关的问题似乎对于项目的成功具有重要意义，但早期对这一课题的研究是有限的。只重点对一个或几个采购的相关因素所影响一些项目的成果进行了一些调查。例如，评标如何影响成本和进度，科技的使用如何影响成本和时间，以及如何合作工具的使用会影响合作的成功。为了实现成功的管理建设项目，一个具有整体性和系统性的采购程序是至关重要的。因此，本研究的目的是建立在一个测试的整体采购框架上，探讨广泛的采购的相关因

50、素如何影响项目的性能标准。这样，将有助于采购从详细的角度与整体的角度来看，某些性能标准对具体程序的影响。通过这个框架以及在未来的实证调查，将有可能分析是否以及如何不同的因素和标准进行相互影响。为了达到这个目的，将做一份能反映建设项目绩效的采购相关的成功因素和成功的标准的全面文献回顾。2. success criteria reflecting project performance2. 反映项目绩效的成功标准“success criteria are the measures by which success and failure of a project will be judged” (

51、cooke-davies, 2002, p.185). traditionally, researchers and organisations have focused on the three success criteria of cost, time, and quality (belassi and tukel, 1996; chua et al., 1997; swan andkhalfan, 2007). this “iron triangle” focuses on short-term aspects of performance crucial for clients im

52、mediate project success. since sustainable development is becoming increasingly vital, consistently successful projects are important from a corporate perspective (cooke-davies,2002). for professional clients with concern for long-term competitive advantage and sustainable development the iron trian

53、gle is therefore too limited; all stakeholdersobjectives must be considered (de wit, 1988). hence, this literature review has identified three additional performance aspects vital for sustainable success: environmental impact (chan and chan, 2004; swan and khalfan, 2007),work environment (chan and c

54、han, 2004), and innovation(harty, 2008).“成功的标准是判断一个项目的成功和失败的基准”。传统上，研究人员和机构都关注成本，时间和质量这三个成功的标准。这个“铁三角”，侧重于短期方面的绩效与客户的切身相关的项目的成功。由于可持续发展正变得越来越重要的，持续成功的项目是从企业的角度来说是重要的。从长期竞争优势和可持续发展考虑，“铁三角”太有限，必须考虑到所有利益相关者。因此，本文已经确定了三个额外的绩效方面持续成功的关键：对环境的影响，工作环境以及创新。environmental impact has become a critical issue in r

55、ecent years since the construction industry is acknowledged as one of the major contributors to environmental problems (tam et al., 2006a,b). in the modern construction industry, environmental impact therefore needs to be included in the list of success criteria to assure sustainable development. en

56、vironmental impact may include emissions, energy usage and toxic substances associated with the construction process and the final product.在最近几年，自从建筑业被认为是产生环境问题的主要贡献者之一，对环境的影响已成为关键的问题。在现代建筑行业，对环境的影响，因此需要一系列的标准，以确保可持续发展。环境影响可能包括排放，能源消耗和相关的施工过程和最终产品的有毒物质。the labour-intensive construction industry has

57、a poor work environment record and is still generally a dangerous work place in terms of health and safety (ai lin teoet al., 2005; rwamamara, 2007; ling et al., 2009). in todays knowledge intensive society increased attention to human resources is required to attract the intelligent and creative yo

58、ung people that the industry so badly needs for developing and sustaining long-term competitive advantage (green, 2002). since a safe work environment is a requirement for sustainable development (rajendranand gambatese, 2009), it is a critical success criterion in our framework. work environment ma

59、y include number of accidents and sick leave days.劳动密集的建筑行业有工作环境的不良记录，一般在健康和安全方面面临危险的工作场所。在今天的知识密集的社会更加重视人力资源的需要，吸引聪明而富有创造力的年轻人，所以迫切需要发展和维持长期的竞争优势。由于安全的工作环境是可持续发展的要求，在我们的框架准则中它是成功的关键。工作环境可能包括事故次数和病假天数。traditionally, the construction sector has been seen as a low tech industry, with little innovation compared to other industries (reichstein et al., 2005; harty, 2008). in recent years, however, innovation in construction has received increasing interest in an explicit manner, both among practitioners and academics (reichstei