阅读理解的要求

1、Translate these sentences 1.He is a good Christian. 2.He is a good father. 3.He is a good child. 4.He is a good husband. 5.She is a good wife. 6.She is a good teacher. 7.She is a good friend. 他是一名虔诚的教徒。他是一名虔诚的教徒。 他是一名慈祥的父亲。他是一名慈祥的父亲。 他是一个听话的孩子。他是一个听话的孩子。 他是一个有责任心的丈夫。他是一个有责任心的丈夫。 她是一个贤惠的妻子。她是一个贤惠的妻子。

2、 她是一名敬业的老师。她是一名敬业的老师。 她是一个可靠的朋友。她是一个可靠的朋友。2013年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求: 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、细节理解题；、细节理解题；、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、根据上下文猜测生词的词义根据上下文猜测生词的词义；、作出简单判断与推理；、作出简单判断与推理；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结

3、构；、理解作者的意图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehensionComprehension of WordsComprehension of Words?How to guess the meaning of words or phrasesDont judge a word by its appearance, but by the context.根据篇章、段落或句子的语境根据篇章、段落或句子的语境生活生活常识常识对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义词同义词举例子举例子定义定义语境法语境法

4、How to guess the meaning of words?How to use the context?语境法常用的解题技巧：语境法常用的解题技巧：巧记：对比因果同义词，举例定义与常识巧记：对比因果同义词，举例定义与常识Ex1. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yu

5、an a year. We are on the - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week. 木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is, be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示 ；或由或由that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词技巧一：根据上下文的技巧一：根据上下文的定义解释定义解释来

6、解题来解题技巧二：根据上下文的技巧二：根据上下文的同义反义词同义反义词 与与对比转折关系对比转折关系Ex.2 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as as mother, and much shorter.丰满的丰满的Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wif

7、e, however, is very .污秽的污秽的节约的节约的 由由and或或or， like , similarly, as as, the same as等连接的两等连接的两个词构成同义关系；个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of, rather than, unlike, yet, otherwise, though，on the contrary等。等。小小 结结 EX.3The river is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when

8、 it is shallow（浅的）（浅的）. 混浊的混浊的技巧三：根据上下文的技巧三：根据上下文的因果关系因果关系 Hes such a businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit because it was too long. 精明的精明的 修剪修剪 常用关联词常用关联词( (如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as a resultas a result， therefor

9、etherefore等等) )表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 结结Ex.4Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置技巧四：根据上下文的技巧四：根据上下文的举例归纳举例归纳The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , suc

10、h as washing machine, fridge and microwave oven ect.家电家电 常用常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义出总称词即词义 。小小 结结EX.5 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to fe

11、el pain or to know what is happening to him.Metal when heated and when cooled. 麻药麻药膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。Children are alway

12、s boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”What does the underlined word “residents” probably mean?chickens B. tomatoes C. gardens D. peopleA ( 2012 陕西卷陕西卷) The authors of both studies stress that

13、 these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.The word “modest ” means _ in this text.relatively high B. extremely low C. relatively low D. extremely high cFor several days, I heard Mum and Dad whisp

14、ering such words as “ hopeless ”, “ pitiful” and “ dying ”, which sounded ominous. DAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.B生活生活常识常识对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义词同义词举

15、例子举例子定义定义语境法语境法How to guess the meaning of words?Can you draw a conclusion here?语境法常用的解题技巧：语境法常用的解题技巧：巧记：对比因果同义词，举例定义与常识巧记：对比因果同义词，举例定义与常识Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可

16、以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。常见的前缀有常见的前缀有：in/im- （不）incorrect impossible incomplete mini- 小型的 miniskirt, minibusre- 再，又 rewrite, reuse, reconsiderdis-不 disagree, dislike, disappear, dishonestmis-错误，失当 misunderstand, mi

17、slead, fore-预先，前 foretell, forecastover-过度，在外 overwork, overcoat, overuse04293313后缀有后缀有： -er teacher, worker-or visitor, sailor ,actor-tion education, satisfaction-ment development, movement-ion action, solution, conclusion-ous dangerous, humorous-ful helpful，careful, beautiful, hopeful-able comfort

18、able, acceptable Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse, you exercise infrequently. （ 不常发生地）不常发生地） “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.” ( 内心深处的)Homework1. Go over what we learned in thi

19、s period.2. Finish passage1-passage10 on Comprehension of wordsEnjoy English, Enjoy life!Bye-bye!代词替代法：代词替代法： 一般来讲，代词的指代的内容多在这一句一般来讲，代词的指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否下前后的内容一致，然后再判定它是否为下前后的内容一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。正确答案。 (05 浙江浙江D).Supermarkets are trying

20、out new computers that make shopping cars more intelligent(具备智能的具备智能的). They will help shoppers find paper cups ore toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill. 53.The underlined word “They “ refers to _. A. supermarkets B. shop assistants C. shopping carts D. shop managers通晓多种语言的通晓多种语言的猜测句子含义题的解题方法：

21、猜测句子含义题的解题方法： 猜测句子含义题涉及选材背景、句型结构、文章猜测句子含义题涉及选材背景、句型结构、文章主旨、作者观点态度等方面。联系主旨，主旨、作者观点态度等方面。联系主旨，整合上整合上下文信息下文信息是解这类题的关键。是解这类题的关键。 首先，要确认所要求猜测句义的句子在文中首先，要确认所要求猜测句义的句子在文中的位置；的位置； 其次，审读题干，确认猜测点。其次，审读题干，确认猜测点。 第三，整合上下文信息，确认猜测点与语境第三，整合上下文信息，确认猜测点与语境之间的关系。之间的关系。 第四，猜测句子的大致意思。第四，猜测句子的大致意思。 最后，比较选择项，确定答案。最后，比较选择

22、项，确定答案。 The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down. I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one hundred years. If people dont take medicine, the Grea

23、t Wall will fall down. B. The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care. C. We must take some measures to pretect the Great Wall, or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 years D. The Great Wall is falling down, and it will disappear in the future. But its a two-way

24、 street. I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.（09辽宁卷）辽宁卷） What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”?What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”? China and India have different traffic rules. B. Tea trade works wanders in both India and China C. Chinese products are popular in both China and IndiaA.D. The exchanges between India an