采矿专业英语词汇

1、1 Mine geology COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY LECTURED BY GU SHI TAN NEW WORDS 天体 heavenly body 大气层 atmosphere 水圈 hydrosphere 岩石圈 lithosphere 地核 earth core 地幔 earth mantle 地壳 crust NEW WORDS 地质作用 geologic function; geologic process 外力地质作用 geologic process from the external force 内力地质作用 geologic process from

2、 the internal force 变质作用 metamorphic process 风化作用风化作用 weathering 物理风化 mechanical weathering 化学风化 chemical weathering NEW WORDS 剥蚀，剥蚀作用 disintegration 侵蚀、腐蚀 decay 侵蚀 erosion 搬运作用 transportation 沉积作用 deposition, sedimentation 成岩作用 lithogenesis New words fossil n. 化石。plant fossil peat n. 泥炭 lignite n.褐

3、煤 = brown coal bituminous coal 烟煤 semianthracite n. 半无烟煤 anthracite n. 无烟煤 meta-anthracite 变质无烟煤 graphite n. 石墨 soft coal 软煤，烟煤 hard coal 硬煤 NEW WORDS fern n.蕨类植物 ferny adj. 蕨类的 moss n. 苔藓 volatile adj. 易挥发的，n.挥发物 volatilize v. 使挥发 devolatilize v. 除去挥发成分 swamp n. 沼泽 incoalation n .煤化作用,成煤作用 bacteria

4、 n.细菌 NEW WORDS carbon n.碳 carboniferous adj. 含碳的 vegetation n. 植被，植物 accumulate v.积聚, 堆积 accumulation overlay vt. 在上盖 erode v. 侵蚀，腐蚀 n. erosion New words 勘探，n. explorationexplore, v. 勘探 开采 n. exploitationexploit, v. 回采 煤田 coalfield 井田 mine field 煤炭资源 coal resource 找煤 search for coal seam 露头 outcrop

5、 煤层 coal seam NEW WORDS 可采煤层 minable coal seam 岩层 strata, rock seam 周围岩层 surrounding strata 煤的储量 coal reserves 煤质 coal quality 开采条件 mining condition 地质条件 geologic condition 水文条件 hydrologic condition 煤的赋存 occurrence of coal NEW WORDS 地质测量 geologic survey 探掘工程 excavation investigation 地球物理勘探 geophysic

6、al exploration 钻探 drilling development drilling 开拓钻孔 标志层 marked bed mine development 矿井开拓 property 矿产 New Words 地质储量 geologic reserves 工业储量 industrial reserves 可采储量 recoverable reserves 回采率/采出率 recovery ratio/factor 煤柱损失 losses of coal pillar 原地生成煤 In place coal 原煤 raw coal 精煤 clean coal 杂质 impurity

7、 New Words 比重 specific gravity 洗煤厂 preparation plant 连续开采法 continuous mining method 普通开采法 conventional mining method 长壁开采法 longwall mining method 短壁开采法 shortwall mining method 露天矿 surface mine 井工矿井 deep mine New words 煤层厚度 thickness of the coal seam 有益厚度 profitable thickness 总厚度 total thickness 顶板 r

8、oof 底板 floor 上覆地层 overlying strata 下伏地层 underlying strata 薄、中厚、厚煤层 thin，medium-thick，thick coal seam 单一结构煤层 simple texture coal seam 复杂结构煤层 complex texture coal seam 夹矸 dirt band 稳定、较稳定煤层、不稳定煤层、极不稳 定煤层 regular, comparatively regular, irregular, extremely irregular coal seam New words 1.5.2 Important

9、 Elements of Seam Bedding Attitudes New words 产状 attitude 走向 strike 倾向 dip 倾角 dip angle tilt v. 使倾斜 fold v. 折叠 fracture v.使破裂 unravel v. 解开，阐明； compass n. 罗盘 clinometer n. 测斜仪 New Words 地质构造 geological structure 褶皱 fold 背斜 upfold 向斜 downfold 断层 fault 正断层 normal fault 逆断层 reverse fault (trust fault)

10、上盘 hanging wall 下盘 footwall 断层落差 fault throw/drop New words 煤层分叉 split coal 冲刷、冲蚀 washout 矿脉 vein 岩墙 rock dike = rock dyke clastic dike 碎屑状岩墙 roll 顶底板凸出 cleat 层理 concretion 结核 igneous intrusion 火成岩侵入体 2 Preplanning and design COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY MINING ENGINEERING CLASS 11-1,2,3,4 LECTURED BY ZAN

11、G CHUANWEI 19 New words and expression cover n. 覆盖层。覆盖层。 impurity n. 杂质，夹矸。杂质，夹矸。 cleavage n. 节理节理 strength n. 强度强度 hardness n. 硬度硬度 immediate roof 直接顶直接顶 methane n. 甲烷，瓦斯甲烷，瓦斯 blasting mining method 炮采炮采 conventional mechanized mining method 普采普采 fully mechanized mining method 综采综采 20 New words and

12、 expression Element n.元素，单元。元素，单元。 Operation n.工序，作业。工序，作业。 Daily operation 日常工作日常工作 Single operation 单一工序单一工序 Unit n.单元，组合单元，组合 Auxiliary a.辅助的，备有的，次要的辅助的，备有的，次要的 Cutting n. Blasting Loading Haul v. 运输，搬运运输，搬运 21 New words and expression Ventilation n. 通风，通风装置，通风量，排通风，通风装置，通风量，排 风。风。 Ground n.地层，土壤

13、地层，土壤 Drainage n.排水排水 Power n. 动力，功率动力，功率 Communication n. 通讯，联络，传播通讯，联络，传播 Lighting n.照明，采光。照明，采光。 22 New words and expression roadway excavation 巷道掘进巷道掘进 outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层；露头，露出地面的岩层； crosscut 联络巷、石门；联络巷、石门； outby 向外，外向（指从工作面向井筒方向）向外，外向（指从工作面向井筒方向） drift n. 平硐平硐 drive v. 掘进掘进 entry n. 平巷，巷道平巷，巷道

14、room n. 房，煤房房，煤房 pillar n. 柱子，煤柱柱子，煤柱 room and pillar mining 房柱式开采房柱式开采 conventionally mining method 普通采矿法普通采矿法 continuous mining method 连续采矿法连续采矿法 23 New words and expression bolt n. 锚杆；锚杆；v.锚杆支护锚杆支护 bolter n. 锚杆机锚杆机 continuous miner 连续采煤机连续采煤机 shuttle car 梭车梭车 tram n.电车；电车； v. 运搬运搬 barrier pillar

15、边界煤柱边界煤柱 panel n. 盘区盘区 bleeder entry 通风巷道；通风巷道；bloodbleedbleeder 泄水管泄水管 gob 采空区采空区 longwall mining 长壁开采长壁开采 shortwall mining 短壁开采短壁开采 web n.截深截深 planer n. 刨煤机刨煤机 shearer n.滚筒采煤机滚筒采煤机 2.2 Mine preplanning 25 New words Inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。不足，缺乏。-In+adequacy(足够，适当足够，适当) Transportation facility 运输设备运输设备

16、Inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的通货膨胀引起的-inflation n.胀大胀大, 通货膨胀通货膨胀, (物价物价)暴涨暴涨-inflate v 膨胀，充气。膨胀，充气。 Inflationary process 通货膨胀过程通货膨胀过程 Drive up 抬高，提高抬高，提高 Drive into 掘进到掘进到 electromechanical adj. 机电的机电的 Electro(电子电子 的的)+mechanical(机械的机械的) Electromechanical mine operation 矿井机电作业矿井机电作业 Staff v. 雇

17、用，聘用雇用，聘用 Season v 适用，适应适用，适应 Coordinate n. 坐标。坐标。v. （使）互相配合，（使）协调，（使）互相配合，（使）协调， 调整。调整。 A multitude（n. 多数，多量）多数，多量） of 大量大量 Capital investment 基本建设投资基本建设投资 Foremost 最主要的，最重要的最主要的，最重要的 26 New words Mt metric ton 公吨。公吨。 0.907Mt = 1 million tons put into operation 投产，投入使用投产，投入使用 The life of the proper

18、ty 矿产矿产/井的使用年限。井的使用年限。 For convenience 为了方便其见为了方便其见 Minability 可采性可采性 Marketability 适销性，可销性适销性，可销性 Option 买卖选择权买卖选择权,优先购买权优先购买权 Enter upon 开始开始 Operating mine 生产矿井生产矿井 Surface topography 地面地形，表面地形地面地形，表面地形 Coalfield 煤田煤田 Measure 层组层组 Coal-bearing measure 含煤地层含煤地层 27 New words Feature 特征；地貌。特征；地貌。 st

19、ructural feature 构造特征构造特征 surface improvement 地面上的改造地面上的改造 Tilled area 耕地耕地 Reservoir 水库水库 Power line 电力线，输电线电力线，输电线 Reservation n.保留地；自然保护区保留地；自然保护区 on record n.留有记录的留有记录的,记录在案的记录在案的 Preliminary adj. 初步的，预备的，初步的，预备的， Preferred 优先优先 选用选用的，首选的的，首选的 Traverse 导线。导线。 Traverse with compass 罗盘定位。罗盘定位。 Sys

20、tem surveying 系统测量系统测量 28 New words Sampling 采样采样 Have a bearing on 对对有影响，与有影响，与.有关有关 Available 有效的，可用的有效的，可用的 Pricing schedule 定价方案定价方案 Preparation treatment 洗选加工洗选加工 Selective adj.有选择性的有选择性的,选择的选择的 Master adj. 主要的，总的。主要的，总的。 Prepare 准备，制定准备，制定 A master plan of operation 总体生产计划。总体生产计划。 Serve as 用作，

21、作为，起到用作，作为，起到作用。作用。 Basis 基础，根据，依据基础，根据，依据 Since 引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句 Justify 调整，证明，证明调整，证明，证明是正确的，是正确的， Considerable adj. 相当大的，相当多的相当大的，相当多的 29 New words Drilling pattern 钻孔布置，钻孔图式钻孔布置，钻孔图式 Basic map 底图，基本地图底图，基本地图 Log sheet 钻孔柱状图钻孔柱状图 Tabular adj. =table Tabular record 表格记录表格记录 Operating management经营管

22、理部门，经营管经营管理部门，经营管 理理,作业管理阶层作业管理阶层 Life expectancy 预期使用年限，使用寿命预期使用年限，使用寿命 Delivery of supplies 材料供应材料供应 Estimate of the cost 成本估计成本估计 Sales department 销售部门销售部门 30 Homework-translation The most common milling-head miner has a cutting head 3m wide. When the machine is moved in to place in front of the

23、face of the coal to be moved, its cutting head is first raised to the roof. As the machine is pushed into the face by its caterpillar tracks, the head is rotated simultaneously, biting into the coal seam and making the initial cut, which may be 0.6m deep. Then the head is hydraulically lowered to th

24、e floor, removing the intervening coal as it goes down. The cut and dislodged coal is then gathered up by a loading head and carried by a chain conveyor to the back of the machine, where it is usually placed on a vehicle for transportation to a belt. 31 Homework-translation While what has just been

25、described is a relatively small drift mine, even the largest one is no more complicated. All sizes are laid out in this logical coordinated system. Room-and-pillar widths will, of course, vary from mine to mine with natural conditions, and pillars may or may not be partially or completely extracted,

26、 but this is basically the room-and-pillar method of mining. 32 Homework-translation Because the rooms are driven wide and the pillars are very narrow, we know that either the depth of operation is shallow or the roof conditions are very good, or both. Also, the seam being mined is probably thin bec

27、ause no pillar extractions is being done. A deeper and thicker seam would have narrow rooms and larger pillars and the pillars would be partially or fully extracted, Fig. 3.5. 33 Homework-translation The essence of mining in extracting mineral wealth from the earth is to drive an excavation or excav

28、ations from the surface to the mineral deposit. Normally, these openings into the earth are meant to allow personnel to enter into the underground deposit. However，boreholes are at times used to extract the mineral values from the earth. These fields of boreholes are also called mines，as they are th

29、e means to mine a mineral deposit，even if no one enters into the geologic realm of the deposit. 34 Homework-translation Note that when the economic profitability of a mineral deposit has been established with some confidence，ore or ore deposit is preferred as the descriptive term for the mineral occ

30、urrence. However，coal and industrial mineral deposits are often not so designated，even if their profitability has been firmly established. If the excavation used for mining is entirely open or operated from the surface，it is termed a surface mine. 35 Homework-translation If the excavation consists o

31、f openings for human entry below the earth s surface，it is called an underground mine. The details of the procedure，layout and equipment used in the mine distinguish the mining method. This is determined by the geologic，physical， environmental，economic and legal circumstances that pertain to the ore

32、 deposit being mined. 36 3 Mine Development COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY MINING ENGINEERING CLASS 09-1,2,3,4 LECTURED BY ZANG CHUANWEI 37 New words coalfield n. 煤田 mine field n. 井田 divide v. 划分 division n. 划分 mine production capacity （MPC） 矿井生产能力 mine service life 矿井服务年限 production scale of mine 井型 small

33、mine 小型矿井 middle mine 中型矿井 large mine 大型矿井 huge mine 特大型矿井 strike n. 走向; dip n. 倾向; dip angle 倾角 38 New words workable adj. 可采的 workable reserve n. 可采储量 opening n. 通道，开口 passageway n. 通道 mine opening n. 矿山井巷 shaft n. 立井 roadway n. 巷道 chamber n. 硐室 main shaft 主立井 auxiliary shaft 副立井 air shaft 风井 blin

34、d shaft 暗立井 drawn shaft 溜井 chute n. 溜煤眼 u:t adit n. 平硐 drift n. 平硐 crosscut n. 联络巷；石门 coal crosscut 煤门 in-seam crosscut 39 New words entry n. 平巷 haulage n. 运输 main haulage roadway 主要运输平巷 main return-air roadway 主要回风平巷 head entry 区段运输平巷 tail entry 区段回风平巷 Slope n. 斜井 rise n. 上山 dip n. 下山 rock rise 岩石上

35、山 coal rise 煤层上山 coal haulage rise 运煤上山 material transporting rise 运料上山 return-air rise 回风上山 men-walking rise 行人上山 inclined roadway of a strip 分带斜巷 inclined coal haulage roadway of a strip 分带运煤斜巷 inclined material haulage roadway of a strip 分带运料斜巷 development roadway 开拓巷道 preparation roadway 准备巷道 ga

36、teway 回采巷道 40 New words pit bottom 井底车场 shaft bottom 井底车场 station n. 车场，车站 mining district station 采区车场 horizon n. 阶段 level n. 水平 haulage level 运输水平 return-air level 回风水平 mining level 开采水平 interval between levels 阶段垂高 mining district 采区 panel n. 盘区 Sublevel n. 分段 strip district n. 带区 inclined length

37、 斜长 strike length 走向长度 district sublevel 区段 open-off cut n. 切眼 41 New words Coalface n. 采煤面 working face工作面 production n. 生产；产量 production system 生产系统 coal haulage system 运煤系统 ventilation n. 通风 ventilation system通风系统 fresh air 新鲜风 dirty air 乏风，污风 refuse n. 矸石 material and refuse transportation syste

38、m 运料排矸系统 drain v. 排水 drainage system 排水系统 power supply system (electric power, compressed air) 动力供应 （电、压风） communication and monitoring system 通讯、监测系统 drive v. 掘进 excavate v. 开挖，开掘 hoist v. 提升 winch n. 绞车 42 3.4 Mine open up 43 3.4.4 PIT BOTTOM 1) Roadway Line 巷道线路巷道线路 Loaded (full) track of main sh

39、aft 主井重车线 Emptied track of main shaft 主井空车线 Full track of auxiliary shaft 副井重车线 Emptied track of auxiliary shaft 副井空车线 Material track of auxiliary shaft 材料车线 Detour roadway 绕道回车线 Car gathering track (service track ) 调车线 Connection junction N1、N2、N3、N4 连接道岔 44 3.4.4 PIT BOTTOM 2) Chambers of shaft bo

40、ttom 井底车场硐室井底车场硐室 (1) Chambers of main shaft system Car dump 翻笼硐室 Coal bunker 煤仓 Skip loader 箕斗装载硐室 Inclined roadway 清理井底撒煤斜巷 (2) Chambers of auxiliary shaft system Central substation 中央变电所 Pump station 水泵房 Sump 水仓 Waiting room 等候室 (3) other chambers: dispatch room调度室,人车停车场， 电机车修理车间。 45 3.4.4 PIT BO

41、TTOM (1) chambers of mine shaft system主井系统的硐室主井系统的硐室： unloading station for Drop-bottom Car(底卸式矿车卸载站底卸式矿车卸载站)、 Turn-over-cage unloading station(翻笼卸载站翻笼卸载站)、Pit-bottom Coal Bunker chamber(井底煤仓硐室井底煤仓硐室)、skip loading chamber(箕斗装载硐室箕斗装载硐室) (2) chambers of Auxiliary shaft system副井系统硐室：副井系统硐室： ingate(马头门马

42、头门)、underground central substation room(中中 央变电所央变电所)、main pumping room(水泵房水泵房)、drain sump(水仓水仓)、 pit-bottom waiting room(等候室等候室)、signal room(信号室信号室) (3)other chambers其他硐室：其他硐室： Pit-bottom dispatching room(调度室调度室)、underground locomotive repair room(机车库及修理间机车库及修理间)、magazine(爆破材爆破材 料库料库)、tools room(工具室

43、工具室) 46 3.4.6 Mine deepening way 矿井开拓延深方式矿井开拓延深方式 1) Direct deepening 直接延深直接延深 2) Deepen by winze 暗井延深暗井延深 3) Combination of direct deepening and winze deepening 直接延深与暗井延深直接延深与暗井延深 4) Build a new portal and deepen a portal 新开一个井筒延深一个井筒新开一个井筒延深一个井筒 5) Build new portals 深部新开立井或斜井深部新开立井或斜井 4 Introducti

44、on of Mining Method COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY LECTURED BY ZANG CHUANWEI New words longwall mining on strike “破、装、运、支、处” Three unit operations: Cutting: Loading: Haulage Auxiliary opertations: Roof control: Ventilation; Power Difference between advancing and retreating mining system: Economic; Safe. New

45、 words Wall mining： Driving two or more entries/gates some distance apart, interconnecting, mining the rib of the opening-cut on a longwall. 工作面：working face； 采煤工作面：coalface 切眼：interconnection; open-off cut 区段平巷：panel entry 工作面顺槽：gate entry 区段运输巷：head gate， 区段轨道巷：tail gate 工作面运输巷（下顺槽）：head entry 工作面

46、回风巷（上顺槽）：tail entry 区段回风巷：bleeder entry 联络巷：crosscut 采空区：gob / goaf 端头：end New words Three basic equipments: Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤机； Shearer，滚筒采煤机 Plow，planer 刨煤机 Face conveyor 工作面运输机 Pan line,”溜子” Chain conveyor 链式运输机 Scraper chain conveyor 刮板输送机 Armored chain conveyor 铠装运输机

47、Roof support system：顶板支护系统 Friction prop 摩擦支柱 Friction metal prop 金属摩擦支柱 Hydraulic prop 液压支柱 Single/Individual hydraulic prop 单体液压支柱 Hydraulic powered self-advanced support 液压自移式支架 Roof support 顶板支架 New words Match-up 配套：配套： （1）Conveyor as the track or guide of the shearer； （2）pull supports by conve

48、yor; （3）push conveyor by support. Other equipments in gate entries Stage loader：转载机 Panel belt conveyor 区段皮带运输机 Electrical control center 电力控制装置/设备 Hydraulic pump station 液压泵站 New words Belt feeder 胶带给料机 Crusher 破碎机 Wooden cribs 木垛 Permanent stopping 永久性风墙，密闭 Regulator 调节风窗 Check curtain 调节风帘 Intake

49、 air 进风 Return air 回风 Shuttle car route 梭车运行路线 4.2 Concept of mining method 1）stope 采场采场 2）coal face 采煤工作面采煤工作面 3）mining works/units 回采工作回采工作 4）winning/mining technique 采煤工艺采煤工艺 5）mining system 采煤系统采煤系统 6）mining method 采煤方法采煤方法 3）mining works/operations 回采工作 Mining works “采煤作业采煤作业” lBasic operations

50、 基本工序：基本工序： lCoal Breaking 破煤破煤 lCoal Loading 装煤装煤 lCoal Hauling 运煤运煤 lAuxiliary operations 辅助工序：辅助工序： lRoof support 工作面支护工作面支护 lGob treatment 采空区处理采空区处理 lAuxiliary transportation 辅助运输辅助运输, lventilation通风通风, drainage 排水排水,power supply供电供电, Emulsion supplly供液（乳化液）等。供液（乳化液）等。 4.3 Class and application

51、 of mining method 采煤方法的分类及应用概况采煤方法的分类及应用概况 4.3.1 Wall mining method 4.3.1 Wall mining method 壁式体系采煤法壁式体系采煤法 Dip 倾角：走向长壁开采，倾向长壁开采；倾角：走向长壁开采，倾向长壁开采； 近水平近水平8，缓倾斜，缓倾斜45。大倾角。大倾角- Thickness 厚度：厚度：full-seam mining整层开采整层开采; slicing mining分层开采。分层开采。 薄薄1.3 m，中厚，中厚3.5 m ，厚，厚5 m 。极薄，特厚。极薄，特厚 4.2.2 Pillar mining

52、 method 4.2.2 Pillar mining method 柱式体系采煤法柱式体系采煤法 Mining method classification p 1 Dry mining 旱采 p 1）Wall system壁式 p（1）Full-seam 整层 p I单一长壁 single longwall p i 走向长壁 longwall on strike p ii 倾向长壁inclined longwall p II放顶煤 Sublevel caving p III掩护支架 Shield p（2）Slicing method分层 p I倾斜分层 Inclined slicing p

53、II水平分层 Horizontal slicing p III斜切分层Oblique slicing p IV水平分段放顶煤Top-slicing system of sublevel caving p 2）Pillar system柱式 p（1）Room and pillar mining method 房柱式 p（2）Room method 房式 p 2 Hydraulic mining水采 p 3 Underground liquefaction and gasification 地下液化和气化 4.3.1 Wall mining method 壁式体系采煤法壁式体系采煤法 l1） Si

54、ngle longwall mining method in thin or middle thick coal seams 薄及中厚煤层单一长壁采煤方法薄及中厚煤层单一长壁采煤方法 l Longwall on strike, longwall on the inclination 走向长壁，倾向长壁；走向长壁，倾向长壁； l Roof caving 垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶）、垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶）、packing 充填法、充填法、pillar support刀刀 柱式柱式 l2） Slicing mining method in thick coal seams 厚煤层厚煤层分层开

55、采的采煤方法分层开采的采煤方法 l （1）gently inclined or inclined 缓斜、倾斜厚及特厚：缓斜、倾斜厚及特厚： l （2）steeply inclined 急倾斜厚煤层：急倾斜厚煤层： l （3）steeply inclined coal seam with an huge thickness 急倾斜特厚煤层急倾斜特厚煤层 l3） Full-seam mining method in thick coal seams 厚煤层整层开采的采煤方法厚煤层整层开采的采煤方法 l 一次采全厚：一次采全厚： Sublevel caving 放顶煤、放顶煤、mining with

56、 large mining height大采高；大采高； l steeply inclined急倾斜厚煤层：急倾斜厚煤层：mining overhead 工作面俯斜布置；工作面俯斜布置； l Shield 掩护支架采煤法。掩护支架采煤法。 l4）mining technique 回采工艺：回采工艺：blasting mining炮采、炮采、conventionally mechanized mining普采、普采、fully mechanized mining综采。综采。 4.3.1 Wall mining method 壁式体系采煤法壁式体系采煤法 l1） Single longwall m

57、ining method 薄及中厚煤层单一长壁采煤方法薄及中厚煤层单一长壁采煤方法 lLongwall on strike, longwall on the inclination l 走向长壁，倾向长壁；走向长壁，倾向长壁； lRoof caving 垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶）垮落法（自然垮落、强制放顶） 、packing 充填法、充填法、pillar support刀柱式刀柱式 4.3.1 Wall mining method 壁式体系采煤法壁式体系采煤法 l2） Slicing mining method in thick coal seams 厚煤层分层开采的采煤方法厚煤层分层开采的

58、采煤方法 l（1）gently inclined or inclined 缓斜、倾斜厚及特缓斜、倾斜厚及特 厚：厚： l（i）inclined slicing method with downward caving 倾斜分层下行垮落； l（ii）inclined slicing method with upward packing 倾斜分层上行充填。 l（2）steeply inclined 急倾斜厚煤层：急倾斜厚煤层： l水平分层或斜切分层下行垮落；每个分层水平分层或斜切分层下行垮落；每个分层23m l（3）steeply inclined coal seam with a huge thi

59、ckness 急倾斜特厚煤层急倾斜特厚煤层 l水平分段放顶煤，类似水平分层，按一定厚度分段，分段底水平分段放顶煤，类似水平分层，按一定厚度分段，分段底 部采用水平分层的落煤方法，顶部采用放煤的方法。部采用水平分层的落煤方法，顶部采用放煤的方法。 3） Single longwall mining method 厚煤层整层开采厚煤层整层开采 l3） Full-seam mining method in thick coal seams 厚煤层整层开采的采煤方法厚煤层整层开采的采煤方法 l一次采全厚：一次采全厚： Sublevel caving 放顶煤、放顶煤、 mining with large

60、 mining height大采高；大采高； lsteeply inclined急倾斜厚煤层：急倾斜厚煤层： overhead mining 工作面俯斜布置；工作面俯斜布置； lSoft shield 柔性掩护支架采煤法。柔性掩护支架采煤法。 。 4.3.2 Pillar mining method 柱式体系采煤法柱式体系采煤法 Short coal face as the mark.短工作面为其主要标志 Class: Room, room and pillar. 柱式体系采煤法包括：房式采煤法、房柱式采煤法。 Coal mining process 采煤过程： Driving rooms 掘