18-19Unit4SectionⅢGrammar——动词-ing形式作定语和状语

1、Section 山 Grammar动词-ing形式作第3页定语和状语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟 Yesterday another student and J representingour universitys student association went to the CapitalInternational Airport to meet this years international students. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. Then Akira Nagata fro

2、m Japan came irsmiling, together with George Cook from Can ada. Just at that moment however，Akira bowed so his nose touched Georgesmoving hand. In the same way that people com muni cate with spoke n Ianguage they also express their feelingsusingunspoken“language ” through physical distanactions or p

3、osture.1黑体部分在 句中作伴随状 语的是。2观察句可 知现在分词的 逻辑主语都是 句子的主语。3.句现在分 词作定语。语法精要点拨、动词-ing形式（现在分词）由“动词原形+ -ing”构成，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语动词-ing形式的基本形式如下：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式hav ing donehav ing bee n doneThe students walked on the street talking and laughing（伴随状语）学生们走在街上，又说又笑。Having worked for two days,

4、Steve man aged to fin ish his report on schedule.已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。Having struggledfor many years, he was fin ally admitted to a key uni versity. 经过多年的努力，他最终被一所重点大学录取。Having been laughedat for his mistakes, the boy was very upset那男孩因犯错 而被嘲笑，他非常沮丧。名师点津动词-ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词-ing形式的完成式则

5、表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。即时演练1单句语法填空 I like staying up late watching (watch) TV， surfing the Internet or doing someth ing rm fond of. Having lived (live) in Beijing for years， I almost know every place quite well. Seeing (see) nobody at home he decided to leave them a note.【导学号：21122031】二、动词-ing形式在句中作定语和状语1 动

6、词-ing形式作定语。The firefighters dashed into the burning woods to save people trapped in it.(前 置定语)消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林，去营救被困人员。The boy standingthere is a classmate of mine.后置定语)站在那儿的那个男孩 是我的一个同班同学。The building being built over there is our library.(后置定语，强调“正在被 建”)那里正在建造的大楼是我们的图书馆。2动词-ing形式作状语。作时间状语。Hearing th

7、e n ews he could nt help laugh ing.=When he heard the news, he could nt help laughi ng 一 听到那个消息，他禁 不住大笑起来。(2) 作原因状语。Not knowing her address I had better teleph one her to come over.=As I dont know her address I had better teleph one her to come ove 由于不 知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。(3) 作条件状语。Working hard， you

8、ll surely succeed.=If you work hard , youll surely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。(4) 作结果状语。The child slipped and fell， hitting his head against the door.=The child slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door. 那男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。 名师点津 现在分词作结果状语 ，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果 ，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果 ， 有时前面可以加 only。I

9、 hurried to school， only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。(5) 作让步状语。Having been toldmany times， he still didnt learn these rules by heart.=Although he had been told many times, he still did nt lear n these rules by heart.尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。(6) 作伴随状语。Morris lay on the grass， staring at the

10、sky for a long time.=Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。The boy sat in front of the farm-house， cutting the branches.=The boy sat in front of the farm- house, and cut the branches. 那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。(7) 作方式状语。He camerunning back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个

11、消息。 名师点津 动词-ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。即时演练2句型转换(用非谓语动词变换句子) It rained heavily and it caused great damage.f It rained heavily, causing great damage After he had eaten his dinne, the boy rushed out.f Having eaten his dinne, the boy rushed out. All ni ght l ong he lay awake and he

12、thought of the problem.【导学号：21122032】f All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem .三、现在分词作状语注意事项1. 现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(do ing),还是用完成式(having done)。(1) 当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the stree， I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发 生)(

13、2) 当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成 式。Having finished the letter，he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)2. 现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间 的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shownaro und the factory, they were very happy .现在分词的被动 式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his hom

14、ework, he went to bed.现在分词的主动式 )完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。3. 动词-ing 形式的否定式： not+ v.-ing ； not having+ v.-edNot knowing this, he did nt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having madefull preparations, we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4. 现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：gen era

15、lly speak in g “一般来说”，judging by/from . “从判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。即时演练3单句语法填空 Having worked (work) for three hours， he took a rest. Tom came dashing (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand. Having spent (

16、spend) all his money the boy had to give his mother a call.语法应用落实I .单句语法填空1. He often carefully watched the doctors in the operating (operate) room.2. Seen (see) from the towe，the city looks very beautiful.3. Those students hoping (hope) to enter that university should work really hard.4. Working (w

17、ork) harder at English，youll make greater progress.5. To finish (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.6. Do you remember the name of the girl sitting (sit) next to you in the old photo?7. Tom received a phone call from his mother saying (say) that she would visit him this weeke nd.8.

18、The boy wearing (wear) a sad look said “I cant find my parents.”【导学号：21122033】9. Leaving (leave) some questions unanswered my friend said goodbye to me.10. When you meet people from different cultures it is important to understand (un dersta nd) what you can and cannot do.11. The children rushed out of the classroom, talking (talk) about something happily.12. With the rapid development of China, the number of foreigners learning (lear n) Chin ese is grow ing all the time.13. Not realizing (realize) that he had hurt Shirley, Jordan continued to shout at her.14.