高中英语必修1(北师大版)Unit-1-Lifestyles--知识点总结

1、高中英语必修1（北师大版）Unit 1 Lifestyles知识点总结一、重点词汇 lifestyle 原文再现 Talk about your own lifestyle, and find out about other peoples. 谈论你自己的生活方式，并了解别人的生活方式。基本用法 lifestyle n. 生活方式；生活时尚 You should throw over your lifestyle. 你应该改变你的生活方式。 My healthy lifestyles help me get good grades. 我健康的生活方式帮我去得好成绩。 peaceful 基本用法

2、 peaceful adj. 和平的，爱好和平的；平静的 China is a peaceful country and Chinese people are very friendly. 中国是一个爱好和平的国家，中国人民都很友好。 注：“n+ful”构成形容词 peace(n.)和平；平静-peaceful(adj.)和平的；平静的 stress(n.)压力-stressful (adj.)有压力的 The distant country is so peaceful that I dont want to go back to the noisy city. 遥远的乡村如此宁静以至于我不

3、想返回喧闹的城市。 It was a very stressful time for all of them. 对于他们所有的人来说，那时一段艰难时期。知识拓展相关单词 peacen.和平，宁静；平和 peacefully adv.和平地；安静地 相关短语 in peace 处于和平的状态；平静地 He cant live in peace with his neighbors. 他不能和他的邻居和平共处。 stressful 基本用法 stressful adj. 紧张的；有压力的 It was a very stressful time for all of them. 对于他们所有的人来

4、说，那时一段艰难时期。 注：“n+ful”构成形容词 peace(n.)和平；平静-peaceful(adj.)和平的；平静的 stress(n.)压力-stressful (adj.)有压力的 The distant country is so peaceful that I dont want to go back to the noisy city. 遥远的乡村如此宁静以至于我不想返回喧闹的城市。知识拓展 相关单词 stress n. 压力；强调；紧张；重要性 v. 强调；使紧张；施加压力于 Whats the source of your problem and stress? 你们的

5、问题和压力根源在哪里？ 词义辨析 stress/pressure/strain/tension relaxing 基本用法 relaxing adj. 令人放松的；感到轻松的 I am expecting a relaxing family holiday. 我正在期待着一个轻松的家庭假期。 relaxed adj. 感到放松的 The film made me relaxed. 这部电影让我感到放松。 注：-ving结尾和-ed结尾的形容词的用法 有一类动词后面加ing和ed转化为形容词。加ing表“令人.的”，加ed表“使人感到.的”如，boring/bored;exciting/exci

6、ted; interesting/interested; relaxing/relaxed; terrifying/ terrified; amazing/ amazed等。 The book is interesting. 这本书很有意思。 I am interested in the book. 我对书很感兴趣。 suppose 基本用法 suppose vt. 认为，猜想；假定，假设 I dont suppose hell agree, or Im sure he wont agree. 我认为他不会同意的。 It was generally supposed that it would

7、 not happen again. 一般认为这事不会再发生了。 Shell be there today, I suppose. 她今天会在那儿的，我认为。 Suppose you had a million pounds - how would you spend it? 假设你有一百万英镑，你会怎样花它？知识拓展 近义表达法：supposing (= if)如果，假设 Supposing that it rains, can we play the match indoors? 如果明天下雨的话，我们能在室内打比赛吗？ 相关短语 be supposed to do sth. (= be

8、expected to do sth.)被期望做某事/应该做某事 Youre supposed to pay the bill by Friday.你应该在周五前付了帐。 Youre not supposed to play football in the classroom. 你不应该在教室里踢足球。 complain 原文再现My family complains about it. 我的家人总是抱怨。基本用法 complain v. 投诉；抱怨；控诉 He is always complaining. 他整天发牢骚。 They never complained about working

9、 overtime. 他们对加班加点从不抱怨。 He complained that the examination was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了。 He complained that his meal was cold. 他抱怨说他的饭菜冷了。知识拓展 相关句型 complain (to sb)about sth.向某人埋怨某事 complain of(doing) sth.抱怨某事/做某事 complain that 抱怨做 She complained to me about his rudeness. 她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。Do you complain of thes

10、e symptoms more at night?你是否在晚上时对这些症状抱怨得更多。相关单词complaint n.抱怨，诉苦，怨言；不适，疾病（委婉语）He poured out his complaints before me.他在我面前诉苦。The workers made a list of their complaints.工人们列出了他们的抱怨。 switch 原文再现Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.接着我起床，下楼，打开起居室的电视。基本用法 switch n. 开关，电门

11、，转换器；转变，改变； v.转换，改变 press the on / off switch a switch from gas to electricity make a switch fromto He switched one argument for another. 他改变了他的论点，转到另一个论点上了。 They switched the train to the other track. 他们将火车转到了另一个轨道上。 He switched the lights from green to red. 他将灯从绿色转变成了红色。知识拓展-相关短语 switch on接通电流，开=

12、turn on switch off关闭，切断（电流等）= turn off switch over转换频道，转变 You have to switch on the computer. 你的打开电脑。 He switched TV off and went to bed. 他关上电视睡觉了。 He switched overanother channel because hedidntlike the program. 他换了另外一个频道，因为他不喜欢那个节目。 remote 原文再现 Heres the remote control. 这是遥控器。基本用法 1. remote adj. 遥

13、远的；偏僻的；疏远的 Nowadays tractors are usedevenin remote mountains. 现在连偏僻的山区也用上了拖拉机。 2. remote n. 远程 The remote education reaches the achievable result that is not gotten from traditional education. 远程教育可以达到传统教育手段所不能达到的效果。 go off 原文再现I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off. 我一

14、般在闹钟响前五分钟就醒了。基本用法 go off 意为“（铃等）响；离开；（爆竹等）爆炸，突然发出响声；断电，停止供应”，如： Why did the painter leave his family and go off to live on a tropical island? 为什么这位画家离开了家住到了一个热带岛屿上？ The pain went off after three treatments. 在三个小时的治疗后，疼痛消失了。 The power went off in several parts of the country during the high wind. 大风期

15、间，这个乡村的好几处地方断了电。 Im sorry Im late; I overslept because my alarm clockdidntgo off. 很抱歉我迟到了。我睡过了头，因为我的闹钟没有响。 take up 基本用法 take up 意为“拿起；占去（时间、空间等）；开始从事（某项工作等），开始对感兴趣“， 如： Take care not to take up the hot coals with your bare hands. 小心别徒手拿热的煤。 This old tree will have to be taken up by its roots. 这棵老树将被

16、连根拔起。 Writing in another language demands so much effort that it takes up all my attention. 用另一种语言写作要求付出很多的努力，以致于它花费了我所有的注意力。 When does the Minister take up his office? 这位部长什么时候就职？ When did Jane first take up music? 简是什么时候开始对音乐感兴趣的？知识拓展-词义辨析：take词组 be filled with 原文再现 Every minute of the day is fill

17、ed with urgent matters. 几乎每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。基本用法 be filled with意为”充满着；装满了“ The bottle is filled with water. 瓶子里装满了水。 注：be filled with与be full of的区别 be filled with侧重于动作和装的东西，如： The basketball is filled with apples by the old man. be full of侧重于状态 ，如: The bottle is full of water. 区别并不大，主要看你要写句子时的侧重点。知识拓展

18、 相关短语 fill.with. 用.装满. Please fill the bottle with water. 请把这个瓶子里装满水。 近义词组 be full of 充满，不满；充斥 The future seems to be full of hope. 未来似乎充满希望。 urgent 原文再现 Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters. 几乎每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。基本用法 urgent adj. 急迫的，紧迫的；催促的；强求的；极力主张的There is an urgent need for food an

19、d water. 现在急需食物和水。 He had urgent business in New York. 他在纽约有急事。知识拓展-相关单词 urgently adv. 紧急地；紧迫地；催促地 urgency n. 紧急情况；紧迫；急事；紧要 urge v. 催促；推进；力劝，规劝； n. 刺激；冲动；推动力 The money was most urgently required. 钱要得很急。 She was surprised at the urgency in his voice. 他语调中透着急迫，这让她很吃惊。 Come on, Grace, he was urging her

20、,dont wait, hurry up. “快点啦，格雷丝，”他催促道，“别等了。快点。” He had an urge to open a shop of his own. 他很想自己开一家店。 bored 基本用法 bored adj.厌烦的，不感兴趣的 I feel bored when I watch TV. 当我看电视的时候，我感觉很没意思。 boringadj. 令人厌烦的；令人不感兴趣的 (参考：-ving结尾和-ed结尾的形容词的用法) The film was so boring that i nearly fell asleep. 电影太无聊了，我几乎都睡着了。知识拓展

21、相关短语 be bored with =get be tired of对厌烦 be tired with对到疲倦 You may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it. 你也许对阅读感到疲倦，但是你不应当对它感到厌倦。 stress 基本用法 stress n.压力；强调；紧张；重要性 v.重读，给施加压力；强调；使紧张； We can meet some stress in this job. 在这个工作中，我们可能遇到一些压力。 Whats the source of your problem and stress

22、? 你们的问题和压力根源在哪里？ The first letter of the world stresses. 那个词的第一个字母重读。 suffer 基本用法 suffer vt. 遭受，蒙受。其宾语常为痛苦，疾病，寒冷，饥饿，损失等。 suffer damage/ a heavy loss 遭受损失/严重损失 suffer vi.（因疾病，痛苦，悲伤，缺乏某东西）受苦，受难，常构成 suffer from。 suffer from heart failure/ a bad cold/ floods 患心力衰竭/患重感冒/遭受水灾知识拓展相关短语 suffer from遭受 She is

23、suffering from the pain of the failure. 她正在遭受失败的痛苦。 pressure 基本用法pressure n.压力；挤压；紧张 His blood pressure is going up. 他的血压正在上升。知识拓展 相关短语under pressure of . 在.的压力下 come/be under pressure 面临压力，收到压力 I work well under pressure. 在压力下我工作得很好。 相关单词 press vt. 按压；逼迫 Dont press your opinions upon her. 不要逼她接受你的意

24、见。 词义辨析：pressure/stresspressure: 在科学上，指单位面积上所受到的压力。用于引申时，指某事物所产生的压力或影响力等。 stress: 侧重指承受外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。 reduce 原文再现 Breathing exercises can help reduce stress. 呼吸练习可以帮助减压。基本用法 reduce vt.减少；降低 The students are reducing in the area. 在这个区域，学生正在减少。知识拓展 相关短语 1. reduce sth to减少到（多少）The numb

25、er of unemployment has been reduced to 284. 失业人数降至284人。 2. reduce sth.by减少了(多少幅度） The number of unemployment has been reduced by 10%. 失业人数降低了10%。 相关单词 reduction n.缩小；降低 反义词 increase v.增加，增长 The population continues to increase. 人口持续增长。 organise 基本用法 organise (organize)vt.组织；安排；筹划，筹办 He organised the

26、 truckers into a union. 他把卡车司机组成工会。 Who is going to organise the party tonight? 谁来筹办今晚的聚会？ 知识拓展 相关单词organisation/ organization n.组织；机构；机制；团体diet 基本用法diet v. 节食；饮食; n. 饮食；食物；规定饮食 You eat more high-protein diet. 你应该多吃些高蛋白食物。 We must diet and take exercise. 我们必须节食并多锻炼。 The doctor says Ive got to go on

27、a diet. 医生说我得节食。知识拓展 相关短语 a balanced diet平衡膳食 on diet 节食，减肥 go on a diet节食 standard diet标准饮食 词义辨析 diet/fooddiet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食等。 food凡是能吃的，能喝的具有营养的东西都称为food。 prefer 原文再现I prefer meeting people in small groups. 我更喜欢与少数几个人见面。基本用法 prefer vt 偏爱；更喜欢；宁愿 用作动词，表示“更喜欢”“宁愿”等，后接动词时，可用不定

28、式或动名词，其区别大致为：表示一般情 况用动名词，表示特定动作用不定式。比较： I prefer walking alone. 我喜欢一个人溜达。 A：Can I give you a lift? 你顺便坐我的车走吗? B：No, thanks. I prefer to walk. 不用了，谢谢，我喜欢步行。 We preferred the house painted white. 我们倒喜欢那座漆成白色的房子。知识拓展 相关短语 prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B prefer doing. to doing. 宁愿做. 而不愿做. prefer to do. rather than

29、 do.宁愿做. 而不愿做. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事 prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事 I prefer my coffee black. 我喜欢喝不加奶的咖啡。Their father prefers them to be home early. 他们的父亲希望他们早点儿回家。 I prefer the seaside to the mountains. 我喜欢海边，不喜欢山区。 Tom prefers reading to talking. 汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。 She preferred to

30、 stay at home rather than go out. 和出门比起来，她比较喜欢待在家里。 stand 基本用法 stand vi.站立；使直立；竖直放置 vt. 忍耐，忍受 （多用于否定句、疑问句）(= bear; put up with) n.架，摊，台Stand still while I take your photograph. 当我给你拍照时，你站着别动。 After the bombing only a few houses were left standing. 爆炸之后，只有几栋房子依然挺立。 Stand the ladder against the wall.

31、把梯子靠墙放着。 He cant stand hot weather. 他无法忍受炎热的天气。 She couldnt stand to be told what to do. 她无法忍受被告知该做什么。 a coat stand衣架 a market stand市场摊位知识拓展 相关句型 stand doing忍受做 I cant stand seeing a lot of rubbish. 我不能忍受看到如此多的垃圾。 同义词 bear也有”忍受“的意思，可以用于bear sth/doing sth的结构中。volunteer 基本用法 volunteer v. 自愿做；义务做；无偿做 n

32、. 志愿者，义工 Schools need volunteers to help children to read. 学校需要志愿者帮助儿童阅读。 Jim volunteered to help the old man. 吉姆自告奋勇去帮助那个老人。 知识拓展 其他词性voluntary adj.自愿的，志愿的；自发的；故意的 His labor is not voluntary but forced. 他的劳动不是自愿的，而是被迫的。 相关短语 1. volunteer to do sth自愿(做) They volunteered to repair the house for the o

33、ld lady. 他们主动提出替老太太修缮房子。 2. volunteer sth自愿提供，自愿给予 She volunteered the information. 她自动提供了这一消息。 graduate 基本用法graduate vi.毕业; 毕业，大学毕业 n. 毕业生；研究生 He graduated from York with a degree in psychology. 他毕业于约克大学，获心理学学士学位。 a science graduate 理学士 a graduate student/ course 研究生/研究生课程知识拓展相关短语 graduate from从毕业

34、She graduated from capital normal university in 2010. 她在2010年毕业于首师大。 相关单词 graduation n.毕业 After graduation, she took a job as a teacher. 毕业后，她做教师的工作。 challenge 基本用法 challenge v. 对.怀疑（质疑）；向.挑战 n. 挑战；怀疑 The role will be the biggest challenge of her acting career. 这个角色将是她演义生涯中最大的挑战。 Schools must meet t

35、he challenge of new technology. 学校必须迎接新科技的挑战。 He challenged me to play chess. 他向我挑战下象棋。知识拓展-相关短语 accept./respond to/ take up the challenge 接受挑战 meet the challenge 迎接挑战；满足要求 send a challenge 下挑战（书） support 基本用法support vt.支持，支撑; 证明；维持 n.支持，支撑 My father supports the whole family. 爸爸支撑整个家。 What evidence

36、 do you have to support what you say? 你有什么证据证明你的话？ We need support of government. 我们需要政府的支持。知识拓展-相关短语 in support of sb/sth 支持（同意）某人（物） He made a speech in support of a ban on arms supplies. 他发表演说支持武器禁运。 design 原文再现 Lesson: How to design a website 课程：如何设计网站基本用法 design vt.设计 n. 设计 She designed a beaut

37、iful picture. 她设计了一个漂亮的图片。 The design of the building is very important for us. 那栋楼的设计对我们来说是很重要的。知识拓展-相关短语 1. be designed to do为做 而设计 The stage was designed to imitate a prison cell. 舞台设计成一个牢房。 2. be designed for sb.为某人设计 The suit is designed for an actress. 那套衣服为一位女演员设计的。 solve 基本用法 solve v. 处理；解决；

38、解答 solve a problem 处理问题 Attempts are being made to solve the problem of waste disposal. 正在想办法解决废物处理的问题。知识拓展-相关单词 solution n. 解决办法；解答 a solution to a problem 问题的解决办法 accountant 原文再现 Debbie is an accountant in a large company in thecenterof London. 黛比是伦敦市中心一家大公司的会计。基本用法 accountant n. 会计，会计师 The accoun

39、tant checked this unnecessary spending in time. 会计及时卡住了这笔不必要的开支。知识拓展 相关单词 account n. 账户；解释，理由；账目，账单 vi.说明， 总计有， 认为， 得分 vt.认为 相关短语 account for 导致，引起；做出解释，提出理由 on account 以赊欠方式 on account of=because of =for sake of 由于；因为： on no account=Under no circumstances.决不，绝对不：在任何条件下都不 on (ones) own account=on on

40、es own; by oneself 单独；独自 take into account=To take into consideration考虑；顾及 He wants to work on his own account. 他想单独完成工作。 “We got married on account of the baby. “我们因为孩子的缘故而结婚。” Bad weather accounted for the long delay. 长期的延缓是因为坏天气。 The suspect couldnt account for his time that night. 嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时

41、间安排。 otherwise 原文再现 I need to do that because i dont get enough exercise otherwise. 我需要那样做，不然，我就得不到足够的锻炼。基本用法 1. otherwise adv. 否则；不然，除此以外，另外；在其他方面 My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, i couldnt have afforded the trip. 我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。 There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise, the

42、house was silent. 楼上有些音乐声。除此之外，房子里静悄悄的。 He evidently thinks otherwise.他显然有不同的想法. The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。 He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy. 他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。 2. otherwise 用作连词，意思为“否则；要不然”，相当于 or，or else 或 if not . 例如： Well go early, otherwi

43、se we may not get a seat.我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。 Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。 注：otherwise用在虚拟条件句中，前一部分是陈述语气，后一部分是虚拟语气。如： I ran all the way to school , otherwise I would have been late . 我一路跑到学校，不然就迟到了 。 We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would hav

44、e given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。 forecast 原文再现 Sometimes, if the weather forecast is good, my friends and i drive to the countryside for a weekend break. 有时，如果预报天气好的话，我会和朋友们开车去乡下度周末。基本用法forecast n. v. 预测；预报；预示；预想； The forecast said there would be showers the next day. 天气预报说第二天有阵雨。 Snow

45、is forecast for tomorrow. 预报明天有雪。 Such events may forecast an outbreak of war. 这些事件可能预示着战争的爆发。 The teacher forecast that 15 of his pupils would pass the examination. 这位教师预测他的学生将有15名通过考试。知识拓展-词义辨析：forecast/foretell/predict/foresee这些动词均含“预言，预示，预告”之意。 forecast：指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想，侧重最终可能出现的结果。 foretell：一般的通

46、俗用语，往往指根据客观因素做出的预告，强调预先要发生的事。 predict：较正常的正式用词，通常用于人。指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告，隐含有 科学的准确性。 foresee：指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断。 at the moment 原文再现At the moment, i am studying medicine at a university. 目前，我在一所大学里学医。基本用法 at the moment 此刻，目前 I am busy at the moment, but I will do it later. 我现在很忙，但是我稍后会处

47、理这件事的。 I havent got time to write to him at the moment. 我现在还抽不出时间给他写信。 formal 基本用法 formal adj. 正式的；拘谨的；有条理的 I shall get up carefully,the party is very formal. 我会精心打扮的，这个聚会很正式。 The Japanese women salute the people with formal bows in welcome. 这些日本妇女以正式的鞠躬向人们施礼以示欢迎。知识拓展-反义词 informal adj 非正式的； 不拘礼节的；通俗

48、的；日常使用的 They regularized their informal marriage by registering with the district government. 他们在区政府登记，从而使他们的非正式婚姻合法。 cycle 基本用法 cycle n.循环；周期；自行车；整套；一段时间 vt.使循环；使轮转 vi.循环；骑自行车；轮转 There is a cycle to what we and our teams do. 这就是我们和我们的团队所做的循环。 You should test for the overload at each point of the cy

49、cle. 您应当在周期的每个时刻都测试超负荷。 If it rains, I wont go cycling. 如果下雨，我就不去骑车了。 style 基本用法 style n.风格；时尚；类型；字体 vt.设计；称呼；使合潮流 vi.设计式样；用刻刀作装饰画 She has a style of her own in everything. 她在各方面都有自己的独特风格。 Some young people like to make a fetish of style. 有些年轻人喜欢盲目地赶时髦。 The villa is famous for its old style. 这所别墅以古旧

50、的风格而著名。 The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings. 威尼斯的美很大程度上在于它那古代建筑的风格。知识拓展-相关短语in style流行；时髦地 life style生活方式，生活习惯；格调 unique style独特的风格 out of style过时的二、重点句型 Of course, I couldnt live this lifestyle without a good wife. 当然，没有一个好妻子，我是不可能过上这种生活的。基本用法 without a good

51、wife 属于含蓄虚拟条件句。此处表达与现在事实相反，因此句子使用 “I couldnt +动词原形”结构。 without+n./pron. 若表示虚拟意义，主句的形式是： 1. 主语+would/could+do/be （表示与现在或将来事实相反） 2.主语+would/could+ have done/been （表示与过去事实相反） Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 没有电，今天人类生活将大不相同。 Without your help, I couldnt have made such great progress then. 那时没有你的帮助，我不可能取得如此大的进步。 It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leavehome andget on a bus. 不到十五分钟，我就完成洗漱，换衣，吃早餐，离家，上公交。基本用法 1. It takes sb. time to