新概念二语法练习

1、新概念语法解释十三一不定式 1定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。2形式：（以do为例）主动语态 被动语态一般时 to do to be done进行时 to be doing 完成时 to have done to have been done 完成进行时 to have been doing 3用法： （1）用作主语： To speak good English is not easy. or: It is not easy to speak good English. （采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻）It took me an hour to do the wor

2、k. （2）用作宾语：She decided to take the examination. I hope to meet him soon. （3）宾语补足语：They expected us to help them. He wants his son to study hard. 金牌重点： 不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let.），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。 I heard them sing in the classroom. I made her clean th

3、e room. The girl is heard to sing an English song. （4）用作表语：To teach is to learn. His job is to sell cars. （5）用作状语，表示目的，结果。 We come to school to study English.（目的） = in order to I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（结果） （6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。He asked for a piece of paper to write it on. = t

4、o write it on the piece of paper. The poor man has no house to live in. = to live in the house. Have you anything to do? = to do anything 4不定式的时态意义：She seems to dance very well.（现在情况）She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行） She seems to have danced well.（过去情况） Has was happy to have been st

5、aying with his uncle.（动作持续一段时间） 5不定式语态：The doctor recommended him to air the room. The doctor recommended the room to be aired. She expects the police to find her bicycle. She expects her bicycle to be found by the police. She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.She felt a bit puz

6、zled to have been asked such a question. 6不定式否定形式：not to do . He got up early in order not to miss the train. 二、练习题1. Did you find out _ the pie out of oven? A. to take B. have taken C. when to take D. being taken 2. You would be irritated if you watched the mail _ on your desk every day. A. putting

7、 up B. to be put up C. to pile up D. pile up 3. We shall set Jim _ the passage. A. explaining B. explained C. to explain D. explain 4. In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco _ in Los Angeles. A. tostay B. than stay C. than staying D. than have stayed 5. Madame Curies is believed _ the rad

8、ium. A. discovering B. having discovered C. to have discovered D. to discover 三、答案1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C: 新概念语法十二单数复数的主谓一致I单数主语：1当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 Someone has told me about it. Neither of us likes the film. 2当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动

9、词用单数。（必记之要点！）Each girl and boy has a nickname. Every man and woman is welcome. 3位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。）The teacher along with his students is going to the party.His parents as well as his el

10、der sister have come to see him. II复数主语： 1当主语由 and 或 both . and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 Both thegirl and the boyare his friends. 2如主语是both, few或主语前有both, few, several, many 等限定词时，谓语动词须用复数。 Several novels have been written by her. Both got the news at the same time. 3下列名词总是复数形式且谓语动词必须用复数。trousers, pants（裤子），j

11、eans, glasses, scissors（剪刀），tweezers（镊子），plier（钳子）， scales （天平），compasses（圆规），etc. The trousers hereare mine. 别忘了：如果以上名词受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修饰时，谓语动词用单数。The pair of pants is too dirty. III单、复数的灵活运用：1当主语由 neither. nor, either. or, not only . but also 或 or 连接时，谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的词一致，在英语语法中

12、，这被称之为“就近原则”。 Neither he nor I am going to the airport. Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad. 2当主语前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等词时，谓语动词则根据主语的具体情况而采用相应的单、复数。All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可数名词) All of us have been here. 3“a number of”是复数，修饰可数名词，谓语动词为复数

13、，“the number of”也修饰复数名词，但谓语动词用单数。（黄金要点！） A number of students have passed the exam. The number of students in this class is 50. 练习1. Students today are writing _ of poetry. A. a great many lines B. quantities of lines C. lots lines D. a large number 2. Thebookstore had not ordered _ texts for all th

14、e students in the course.A. plenty of B. enough C. as many D. enough of 3. What did you see? We saw _ police there. A. many B. much C. little D. the 4. Do you want to wait? Two weeks _ too long for me to wait. A. is B. are C. were D. was 5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, _. A. be

15、ing a beautiful woman of wealth and position B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position 答案1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C英语作文的常见错误语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点；当然那样处理是有道理的

16、，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢？如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。1.句子成分残缺不全We always working till late at night before taking exams。(误)We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)We

17、 should read books may be useful to us. (误)We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)2.句子成分多余This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)The driver of the red car died

18、 on the spot. (正)3.主谓不一致Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)Some think that reading should be selective. (正)My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)4.动词时态、语态的误用I was walking along the road, and there are not so

19、 many cars on the street. (误)I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)I am a student who has studying in the college for two ye

20、ars. (误)I have been studying in the college for two years(正)5.词类混淆It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)The old man was hit by a car when he across the stree

21、t. (误)The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)有效的句子要有重点，并且要突出重点。句子的重点可以通过下列方法，加以突出：1. 把重点摆在句首或句尾。一般而论，最显眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中间的位置最平淡，乏善可陈。例如：(1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readersattention.(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the

22、record of civilisation.把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法，读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。2. 在复杂句里，把主句放在从句之后。除了名词从句和形容词从句之外，因为它们位置较固定，副词从句中有几种的位置灵活，可以在主句之前出现，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前，重点则放在后头的主句，如(3b)：(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.(3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.副词

23、短语更是如此，如 (4b):(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.(4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools.3. 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头，如(5b)和(6b)：(5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera(5

24、b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.(6a) That singers life was tragic and brief.(6b) That singers life was brief and tragic.4. 把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如：(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and

25、institute of higher education?5. 必要时，重复重要的语词或概念。例如：(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.(10) .the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the

26、nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.6. 尽量用主动说态，因此(11b)比(11a)好：(11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.(11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.7. 适当时候，可用倒装句和平行句，如：(12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the da

27、rk forest. Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.(13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.(14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.揭秘四大类型英语议论文的写作套路首先要了解一下议论文的格式，而议论文的格式一般是由三个部分组成：立论部分；论证部分；结论部分，与英语议论文紧密相关的知识有：1、主要结构：引论本论结论；2、三要素：论

28、点、论据、论证；3、论证方式：立论、驳论；4、主要论证方法：事实论证、道理论证、事实与道理相结合论证等。由于我们学习的英语文化环境比较淡薄，现在由于网络的发达这种氛围已经好很多了，学生在英语作文写作方面颇感吃力，英语议论文写作更是难上加难。（1）对立分析型的议论文（比如利弊型作文）Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题_. Generally speaking, it is

29、widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一_. And secondly _优点二_.Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _讨论议题_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺点一_. In addition, _缺点二_. 高考试卷To sum up, we should tr

30、y to bring the advantages of _讨论议题_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the _讨论议题_.( 2 ) 答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_ .It is really an important concern to ev

31、ery one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, _途径一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途径二_.Above all, to solve the

32、 problem of _作文题目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法_. 湖南阳光高考公益平台( 3) 谚语警句性议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: _谚语_ has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes without saying