毕业设计X62W铣床Y向进给系统数控化改造

1、题 目：x62w铣床y向进给系统数控化改造姓 名： 班级学号：指导教师：综 合 课 程 设 计 用 纸目 录第 1 章绪论21.1机床数控化改造的背景21.2机床数控化改造的意义2第 2 章方案设计32.1课程设计的任务32.1.1机床改造的要求32.2机床的改进参数3第 3 章机械系统设计43.1粗齿圆柱铣刀的主要参数43.2x62w的y向负载分析43.3传动比的确定和齿轮尺寸的计算43.3.1传动比的确定.43.3.2齿轮的尺寸计算43.4零部件的选择53.4.1 电动机的选择.53.4.2 滚珠丝杠的选择和校核.53.4.3轴承的选择.6第 4 章 控制系统设计.74.1 x62w铣床数

2、控化改造的数控系统74.2 cnc装置安装.74.3 系统接线.84.4接口和电缆94.5 驱动系统的安装调试.104.2你的第一级节标题54.2.1你的第二级节标题你的第三级节标题5结论6参考文献7佳木斯大学教务处 第 17 页综 合 课 程 设 计 用 纸第 1 章 绪论1.1 机床数控化改造的背景随着经济产业的不断发展，但是我国有各类普通机床400多万台，其中有1/4的机床是超过30年役龄的，这些机床已无改造价值，需淘汰更新，剩余约七成的机床是可进行数控化改造。对众多台普通机床实施改造和更新，可形成上千亿的更新市场需求，对保持经济增长可发挥一定的作用。目前，我国所使用的机

3、床中绝大多数是普通机床。普通机床数量庞大，安全问题凸显。所以，安全问题成为制约其发展的一大阻碍。增加安全性能，提高机床本质安全水平，解决数控化程度较低、人员伤害事故频发、安全水平较低、生产效率不高的问题。普通机床完成数控化改造后，可大幅提高机床的加工效率和自动化、智能化程度。降低了操作者接触危险部位的可能性;操作系统和操作界面越来越符合人机工程学的要求，可有效减少操作者的失误率，减少因失误产生的事故。艾玛德.国际模具网指出，机床经数控化改造后，安全性能得到明显改善，事故率显著降低，将带来巨大的安全效益。1.2 机床数控化改造的意义 数控技术水平的高低和数控设备拥有的多少已成为衡量一个国家工业现

4、代化的重要标志。数控机床作为机电一体化的典型产品，在机械制造中发挥着巨大的作用，很好地解决了现代机械制造中结构复杂、精密、批量小、多变零件的加工问题，且能稳定产品的加工质量，大幅度提高生产效率。但是，发展数控技术的最大障碍就是添置设备的初期投资大，这使许多中小型企业难以承受。如果淘汰大量的普通机床，而去购买昂贵的数控机床，势必造成巨大的浪费。因此，普通机床的数控化改造大有可为。第 2 章 方案设计2.1 课程设计的任务本次课程设计的任务是把x62w铣床的y向进给系统改成数控控制系统。2.1.1 机床改造的要求脉冲当量=0.01mm/step进给速度：工进速度为3-150mm/min 快进速度为

5、2m/min2.2 机床的改进参数将x62w铣床y向原有的进给丝杠改成滚珠丝杠，其导程为pn=6mm，纵向工作台和回转圆台的总重量为400kg，脉冲当量为0.005mm/step，工进速度为vg=60mm/min,快进速度为2m/min,取步进电机的步矩角为0.75/step.第 3 章 机械系统设计3.1 粗齿圆柱铣刀的主要参数直径d=100mm总长l=160mm孔径d=40 mm齿数z=103.2 x62w的y向负载分析切削力的经验公式：fz=9.81*cfz*ae0.86*af0.72*ap*z*d0-0.86cfz-工件为碳钢时，cfz=68.2ae- 铣刀的宽度，ae=16mmaf-

6、 每齿进给量，af=0.036mmap- 背吃刀量，ap=8mmz- 粗齿圆柱铣刀的齿数，z=10d0-粗齿圆柱铣刀的直径，d0=100mm所以fz=7322n铣刀受到的竖直方向的径向力fr=0.2*fz=1462n铣刀受到的水平方向的轴向力fa=0.35*fz=2563n3.3 传动比的确定和齿轮尺寸的计算可在这键入你的论文正文，也可删掉此行3.3.1 传动比的确定i=(*pn)/(360*)=（0.75*6）/（360*0.005）= 齿轮的尺寸计算因为传动比i=2.5=n1/n2=z2/z1,取小齿轮齿数z1=20，则大齿轮齿数z2=50。取齿轮的模数m=1.5，齿顶高系

7、数ha=1，齿隙系数c=0.25，压力角=20。则小齿轮的各项参数计算如下:d1=z1*m=30mmd1a=（z1+2ha）*m=33mmd1f=（z1-2ha-2c）*m=26.25mmd1b=d1*cos=28.19mm取齿宽系数=0.5，则，小齿轮宽b1=*d1=15mm，一般会把小齿轮的宽度认为的加宽5-10mm，所以b1=15+5=20mm。大齿轮的各项参数计算如下：d2=z2*m=75mmd2a=（z2+2ha）*m=78mmd2f=（z2-2ha-2c）*m=71.25mmd2b=d2*cos=70.48mmb2=*d1=15mm大小齿轮的中心距为a=m*（z1+z2）/2=52

8、.5mm3.4 零部件的选择3.4.1 电动机的选择在通过一个脉冲的时候，步进电机起动转矩的计算：tq=（f负*l）/（*）其中f负=fs+（g+f1），fs为运动方向的切削力fs=1.1xfa=2819.3n，g为纵向工作台和回转圆台的总重g=400x10=4000n，f1=fr=1464n，所以，f负=3802.82n；l为通过一个脉冲时滚珠丝杠移动的距离，l=1x0.005=0.005mm；为主传动系统的总效率，一般为0.6-0.7，取=0.6；为通过一个脉冲时电动机主轴转过的角度，=2/360=/240所以，tq=2.42n*m。取安全系数为0.4，t=tq/0.4=6.05n*m。根

9、据步距角和转矩t的大小选取步进电机的型号为，反应式步进电机，f3.4.2 滚珠丝杠的选择和校核1.滚珠丝杠的选择根据原丝杠的公称直径40近似的选取滚珠丝杠的公称直径为25，选取的滚珠丝杠型号为 cdm2506-3 外循环插管式垫片预紧导轨埋入型。2.滚珠丝杠的校核1）承载能力的校核丝杠轴向最大动载荷fq=(l) -1/3fhfwfmax式中，l-滚珠丝杠的寿命系数，l=60nt/106，t=15000h是机床的使用寿命时间，l=1.7；fw-载荷系数，取fw=1.2；fh-硬度系数，取fh=1.0fmax-最大的工作载荷，fmax=3802.82n所以fq=7757.75ncmd2506-3的

10、额定动载荷c=14773nfq，承载能力满足。2）压杆稳定性核算fk=fk2ei/(kls 2)式中，fk -实际承受载荷的能力，n；fk-压杆稳定的支承系数，滚珠丝杠的支撑方式为双推-自由式，所以，fk=0.25；e-钢的弹性模量，2.1105 mpa；i-滚珠丝杠底径d2的抗弯截面惯性矩，i= d24/64, d2=20.9mm，所以，i=0.0000000094m；k-压杆稳定安全系数，取k=2.5；丝杠长度l=0.6m；所以，fk =5406nfmax，压杆稳定性符合标准。 3.4.3 轴承的选择轴承须既能承受轴向力也能承受径向力，因此应选取角接触球轴承，型号为7206ac和7205c

11、。第 4 章 控制系统设计4.1 x62w铣床数控化改造的数控系统根据所改造的性能和精度指标来选配数控装置系统。虽然国产系统价格较低，安装简单，但是稳定性差，精度较低。相对比进口数控系统价格较贵，但非常稳定，产品成熟。因此选择进口数控系统。选择德国西门子公司的cnc系统和cnc控制器。西门子cnc控制器和cnc系统sinumerik自动化系统采用模块化设计，具有可扩缩性，融合了用于机床的多种产品。无论是否部署用于标准化车床和铣床，作为功能强大的、基于驱动的数控系统，或作为基于 pc 的解决方案，选择该数控系统都会使设备运行更富有创新性，更具竞争力。根据西门子公司提供的各类信号对比选择，数控系统

12、信号为：sinumerik 802s base linesinumerik 802s base line是在sinumerik 802s基础上新开发的经济型数控系统。它可以控制2到3个步进电机和一个伺服主轴或变频器，连接步进电机驱动。步进电机的控制信号为脉冲信号，方向信号和使能信号。sinumerik 802s base line系统组成：cnc控制器（集成式、紧凑型cnc控制器、8英寸液晶显示器、全功能操作键盘、机床操作界面）、驱动器和电机（步进电机和五相混合步进电机）、电缆（连接cnc控制器到步进电机驱动器的电缆和连接步进电机驱动器到步进电机的电缆）。面板结构和nc键盘4.2 cnc装置安

13、装控制变压器电柜中必须采用独立的控制变压器，够给系统24vdc供电1）u，v，w三相中未被驱动变压器使用的两项；2）只有pe接地良好时才能连接。如果不能确定，禁止连接；3）接地线截面积最少为6mm2，以确保接地良好。驱动变压器电柜中必须采用独立的驱动变压器，给步进驱动的85vadc供电。要求仅适用于simumerik 802s base line系统。1）u，v，w三相中未被驱动变压器使用的两项；2）接地线截面积最少为6mm2，以确保接地良好。4.3 系统接线西门子sinumerik 802s base line cnc控制系统于步进驱动和步进电机连接下图作简要的说明。4.4 接口和电缆接口布

14、置sinumerik 802s base line接口视图sinumerik 802s base line连接电缆电机动力电缆4.5 驱动系统的安装调试4.6 4.6.1 你的第二级节标题可在这键入你的论文正文，也可删掉此行 你的第三级节标题可在这键入你的论文正文，也可删掉此行结论通过此次为期三周的机电一体化课程设计，使得自己平时所学的理论知识与实践相结合。同时也深刻的体会到自己在一些方面的欠缺，有些专业知识还不够扎实，不能很好的形成体系。在这次课程设计中，在老师的指导下，使我又有很多的提升。参考文献1 张建民.机电一体化系统设计第三版.高等教育出版社2 大连理工大学工程图学教研

15、室. 机械制图第六版. 高等教育出版社.3 华中科技大学 陈日曜. 金属切削原理第二版. 机械工业出版社.4 西北工业大学机械原理及机械零件教研室.机械设计第八版.高等教育出版社. 5 西北工业大学机械原理及机械零件教研室.机械原理第七版. 高等教育出版社. 6 卜炎.机械传动装置设计手册.机械工业出版社.7 成大先.机械设计手册的第2,3,4卷. 第五版.化学工业出版社.著作图书文献 序号作者书名版次出版者，出版年：引用部分起止页第一版应省略 翻译图书文献 序号作者书名译者版次出版者，出版年：引用部分起止页 第一版应省略 学术刊物文献 序号作者文章名学术刊物名年，卷（期）：引用部分起止页 学

16、术会议文献 序号作者文章名编者名会议名称，会议地址，年份出版地， 出版者，出版年：引用部分起止页 学位论文类参考文献序号研究生名学位论文题目学校及学位论文级别答辩年份：引 用部分起止页参考文献数量一般不少于15篇ag an employment tribunal clai emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disc

17、iplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. for more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help. employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a le

18、gal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther

19、help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal. you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a r

20、esult of your failure to appeal. remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. if you

21、 are worried about how the time limits apply to you if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor

22、 cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onne

23、arest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch m cay man islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend cit

24、ys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet ya ya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor

25、the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we f

26、ound no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has bee

27、n very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什

28、么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high

29、school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high

30、 school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推

31、进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to

32、do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that

33、there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像

34、冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the en

35、d of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays

36、an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-da

37、y weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot

38、of turbulence. we often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. we try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hi

39、de from ourselves. we need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we s

40、hould take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. the items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask t

41、he hurt. when the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. when we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. we take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当

42、悲伤来袭时，试着深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀by utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. if we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. embr

43、ace the uncomfortable we all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. we know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. we can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应

44、：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。the initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. when we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. the next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, d

45、o yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. act in spite of the fear.我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面对吧。3. ask your heart what it wants倾听内心were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process?我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。