2014年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读之英语

1、2014年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读Module 1Unit 1School life1.检测与校园生活话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。2.检测定语从句that, which, who, whom和whose 的用法。3.检测与校园生活话题有关的读写能力。（一）重点单词默写1.有乐趣的 adj.2.获得，赚，挣得 vt.3.致力于，献身 vt.4.一般的，普通的，平均的 adj.5.具有挑战性的 adj.6.额外的，外加的 adj.7.准备 n.8.满意 n.9.交流，交换 n.& vt.1 / 13610.经历，体验 vt.11.毕业，毕业生 vi.& n.12.捐赠 vt.13.

2、通知，告知 vt.14.批准，通过，赞成 vt.& vi.15.选择，挑选 vt.（二）重点短语默写1.免费的2.爱好，喜爱3.负责，掌管4.回顾，回忆5.利用（一）词汇解读1.experience n. C 经历，阅历 U 经验 v.体验，经历【基本构词】experienced adj. 有经验的【短语搭配】have experience in /of doing sth有做某事的经验be experienced in /at doing sth做某事有经验experienced teachers有经验的教师【典型例句】I know from experience that he will

3、arrive late.据我的经验，他会迟到的。2.devote v. 将奉献（给），把专用（于）【短语搭配】devote.to.把献给，把专用于devote oneself to 致力于，献身于，专心于【典型例句】He devoted himself to writing.他专心写作。 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。3.satisfaction n. 满意，满足【基本构词】satisfy vt. 满足，满意satisfying adj.令人满意的，令人满足的（指事物本身的性质）satis

4、fied adj.感到满意的【短语搭配】with (great) satisfaction满意地，满足地express ones satisfaction at /with.对表示满意to ones satisfaction 使某人满意的是be satisfied of /be satisfied that从句满意【典型例句】I am very satisfied that the steps taken today are the right steps.我感到非常满意的是，我们今天采取的措施是正确的。4.charge n. 负责，掌管vt. 使承担责任，收费 【短语搭配】in / unde

5、r the charge of 由负责have / take charge of 照顾，管理，负责in charge of 主管free of charge 免费的charge sb for sth收某人多少钱 【典型例句】Soon he will take charge of the department.他很快会来负责管理这个部门。The ticket is free of charge.这票是免费的。5.preparation n. 准备，预备【基本构词】prepare v.准备，预备prepared adj.准备好的【短语搭配】make preparations for = prepa

6、re for为做准备prepare sb for / to do sth使某人为做准备 prepare sb sth为某人准备某物be prepared for 对做好准备 be prepared to do sth愿意做某事，乐意做某事prepare a meal / ones lesson 准备饭/功课【典型例句】The secretary has prepared the president a long report.秘书已为董事长准备好了一份长篇报告稿。6.inform vt. 通知，告诉，报告【基本构词】information n. 信息，资料，知识，情报，通知informativ

7、e adj.教育性的，有益的，情报的，见闻广博的【短语搭配】be informed of听说，接到的通知rmed 随时向报告情况inform sb of doing sth提醒某人做某事【典型例句】How do I inform them of my arrival time? 我要怎么通知他们我到达的时间呢？ （二）句型解读Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.他一完成学业，就开始了中国之旅。【句型】On / Upon+doing 一就【精讲】Upon / On arriving home, m

8、y mother started cooking.妈妈一到家就做饭。【拓展】1）Upon / On 后也可接名词，意思不变。Upon / On her arrival at home, my mother started cooking.2）可用as soon as, the moment, immediately等引导的时间状语从句来替换，即：As soon as / The moment / Immediately he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.（三） 语法解读 定语从句关系代词1.who 指人，在定语从句中

9、作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。2.whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。3.which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which,在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Wh

10、ere is the man(that/whom) I saw this morning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。（一）单项选择1.Some of the cities in China he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.what2.The paintings we

11、re donated by the famous artist are being displayed in the assembly hall.A.whatB./C.whoD.which3.Many people saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea.A./B.whichC.whom D.who4.The club members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.that5.This is the sto

12、ry we wrote for our storytelling contest.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.how（二）双向翻译请根据上下文内容，将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。 School life in the UKGoing to a British school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain 1.because school starts around 9 a.m. a

13、nd ends about 3：30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.On the first day, all students went to attend an assembly.2.我坐在一个名叫黛安的女孩旁边。We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. 3.He al

14、so told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.My English improved a lot as I used English every day4.and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club at l

15、unch time, 5.所以我可以免费给家人和朋友发邮件。I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we had a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake I made..5.Uni

16、t 2Growing pains1. 检测与青少年成长话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。2. 检测定语从句介词which, 介词whom, when, where和why的用法。3.检测与青少年成长话题有关的读写能力。（一）重点单词默写1.窗帘，幕布 n.2.受惊的，害怕的 adj.3.挨饿，饿死，使挨饿 vi.& vt.4.现金 n.5.成年人 n.6.容忍，允许 vt.7.行为，举止 n.8.值得，应得 vt.9.使不高兴，不高兴的 vt.& adj.10.粗鲁的，无礼的 adj.11.工作努力的 adj.12.争吵，辩论，论点 n.13.愚蠢的 adj.14.耐心 n.15.平衡，抵消

17、n.（二）重点短语默写1.迫不及待地做某事2.应该，应当3.对苛刻，对严厉4.既然5.熬夜6.混淆，弄乱7.好像，似乎8.坚持，坚持认为9.现在10.与一起（一）词汇解读1.frighten v.使惊吓, 使惊恐【基本构词】frightening adj.令人惊恐的/恐怖的（常用来说明事物的特征）frightened adj. 恐惧的，害怕的，受惊的（常用来说明人的特征）类似的单词还有: worried / worrying, pleased / pleasing, excited / exciting, encouraged / encouraging, interested / inter

18、esting, satisfied / satisfying, bored / boring, scared/scaring, surprised / surprising, frustrated / frustrating等 【典型例句】The film is very frightening. 这部影片非常恐怖。The frightened children were calling for their mothers. 受惊的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈。2.deserve vt. 应得，值得，应受【基本用法】deserve+名词/代词deserve+to do（主动意义）deserve+to b

19、e done（被动意义）deserve+动名词（主动表被动意义）【典型例句】Youre very able. You deserve a better job. 你很有能力，应该有一份更好的工作。 He，being so rude, deserves criticizing. 他不礼貌，应当受到批评。3.insist v. 坚持说，坚决主张，坚持要求【基本用法】insist on / upon (doing) sth坚持做某事if you insist 如果你一定要坚持的话（常用于口语中，表示勉强同意）【典型例句】She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了

20、。（表示“坚持说, 坚决认为”时，接that从句，从句的动作多为已发生之事，用陈述语气。）【典型例句】He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他坚持要我们接受这些礼物。（表示“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，接that从句，从句的动作为将要发生之事，用虚拟语气，即：主语+（should）+动词原形。）4.forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) 禁止，妨碍，阻止 【基本用法】 forbid sb to do sth = forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth禁止做某事

21、【典型例句】The new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。 （二）句型解读But, but.you werent supposed to come home until tomorrow!但，但是你们应该明天才到家的呀！【句型】be supposed to 【精讲】（1）表示按照义务、规则、规律或约定的“理应，应该”；（2）作“被认为，被看作是”理解。【典型例句】 He is supposed to arrive before six oclock. 他应该六点之前到。（三）语法解读定语从句关系副词1.关系副词where, when和w

22、hy，在定语从句中作状语，相当于“介词+地点名词先行词/时间名词先行词/原因名词先行词”，各自引导修饰这些名词的定语从句。 The mountain where the volcano lies is not far from here.（where在从句中作地点的状语，相当于in the mountain，从句修饰the mountain）那座火山离这儿不远。The days when people felt content with a simple life are forever gone.（when在从句中作时间状语，相当于in the days，从句修饰the days）人们满足于

23、简单生活的日子一去不复返了。He gave us no reason why he took the job.（why在从句中作原因状语，相当于for the reason，从句修饰reason）他没有告诉我们他做这份工作的理由。2.介词+定语从句引导词which / whom：当定语从句引导词作介词的宾语时，可以将介词提到引导词前，以强调介词和引导词的介宾关系；介词+which / whom在从句中作状语或定语；有些情况下，介词+which相当于where / when / why。如：The man with whom you talked is an expert on earthqua

24、ke.（with whom在从句中作状语，修饰谓语动词talked）和你说话的人是个地震专家。（一）单项选择1. October 1, 1949 was the day the Peoples Repubic of China was founded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.in which2. The factory his father works is large.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which3. Ill never forget the time we work on the farm.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.as4. T

25、his is the house we lived last year.A.in thatB.in whichC.whenD.in where5. Ill tell you the reason he failed to come yesterday.A.whichB.whatC.howD.why（二）完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Dear George,My name is Christina. I called your radio show last week to1 your advice about a problem my

26、mum and I had. I wanted to see my 2 and do things that interest me, but my mum was sad and said I was not spending enough time at home with our family. You gave me some good3. You told me to spend more time talking to my mum. First I thought your answer was 4, but then I decided to take your advice.

27、 You were 5!When I was younger, my mum and I6 all the time, and we were very close. She was like one of my friends. When I grew older, I stopped talking to her and only wanted to talk with my friends.I didnt think my mum missed talking with me,7 she did! That is why she was 8 when I went to see my f

28、riends. Now my mum and I spend one day a week with each other. We cook dinner together, or we go for a long walk. Once she even took me and my best friends 9 dinner together!Thank you for your help and good advice, George. Ill10 listening to “Talk Time” every week.Sincerely yours,Christina（）1.A.take

29、B.followC.ask forD.hear（）2. A.brothersB.teachersC.sistersD.friends（）3. A.adviceB.keysC.questionsD.time（）4. A.sillyB.interestingC.unnecessaryD.wise（）5. A.wrongB.niceC.rightD.unkind（）6. A.spentB.talkedC.quarrelledD.stayed（）7. A.becauseB.howeverC.butD.so（）8. A.worriedB.ashamedC.happyD.sad（）9. A.atB.toC

30、.onD.during（）10. A.keepB.stopC.likeD.finishUnit 3Looking good, feeling good1.检测与健康话题有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。2.检测非限定性定语从句和反意疑问句的用法。3.检测与健康话题有关的读写能力。（一）重点单词默写1.体形，数字，人物 n.2.惭愧的，羞愧的 adj.3.精力充沛的，充满活力的 adj.4.恢复，重新获得 vt.& vi.5.损害，伤害 vt.& n.6.有吸引力的，有魅力的 adj.7.压力 n.8.更喜欢 vt.9.影响，（病毒）感染 vt.10.器材，设备 n.11.成就 n.12.专家 n.

31、13.尴尬的，难为情的 adj.14.身体，（器官）系统，体系，制度 n.15.集中（注意力，思想等），全神贯注 vt.& vi.（二）重点短语默写1.锻炼2.节食3.（头发等）脱落4.强身健体5.充分利用6.从长远角度看7.事实上（一）词汇解读 1.contain v. 包含，包括，能容纳【基本构词】container n.容器【词语辨析】include和contain的用法比较include: 指在整体中能明确界定的几个部分，某整体包含或容纳某部分。【典型例句】The health club includes a gym, a swimming pool, and a locker roo

32、m.健身俱乐部包括体操房、游泳池和更衣室。 contain：指容器、空间里所有东西，侧重所含的量与成分。【典型例句】The bowl contains a variety of fruits.碗里装有各种水果。注：include常以including（名词代词前）或included（名词代词后）的形式出现在短语中，用来举例、解释或补充说明。【典型例句】Many women including my mother，were waiting to buy that kind of cloth.=Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, m

33、y mother included.许多妇女，包括我妈妈在内，在等着买那种布料。2.prefer vt. 更喜欢【基本构词】preference n. 偏爱，倾向，优先权【短语搭配】prefer sth / doing sth宁愿，更喜欢prefer sb to do 愿意某人做prefer to do 愿意做prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿做而不愿做 【典型例句】I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities.我喜欢安静的乡村胜过喧闹的城市

34、。 She has always preferred making her own clothes to buying them in the shops. 她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服。3.count vi.认为，算作，重要vt.数数【短语搭配】count in 把计算在内，包括在内，把考虑在内，包括 count as当作count on依靠count out点数，不把算在内【典型例句】They are counting the books they collected. 他们正在数收集来的书。In sport what really counts is not the win

35、ning but the playing.就运动而言,重要的不是赢,而是参与。4.damage vt.& n.损害，伤害【短语搭配】do damage to 对造成损害 【典型例句】The heavy rain didnt do much damage to the crops. 这次暴雨没有对农作物造成很大的损失。【词语辨析】damage, destroy, ruin的区别(1)damage指“损坏”，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的。如：Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness. 长期生病

36、使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。(2) destroy意为“破坏，摧毁，消灭，毁灭”，指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意。如: The building was completely destroyed by the fire. 这座房子被大火烧光了。(3) ruin意为“破坏，灭亡，破产”，经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。【典型例句】The heavy rain ruined our holiday. 大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。（二） 句型解读However, your mother knows the best: nothing is more important than health.

37、但是，你妈妈她最清楚不过：没有什么比健康更重要。【句型】nothing（或no+名词）+比较级+than.【精讲】此句型意为“没有比更”。这是用比较级与否定句一起表最高级的句型。Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued.没有比时间更贵重的东西，但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。No place is better than ones home.没有任何地方比得上自己的家。（三）语法解读 定语从句定语从句的分类（1）限定性定语从句：起着界定先行词的身份，而不至与同类人或事物混淆的作用，一般不用逗号和主句隔开。 The

38、one of my brothers who is in the army now used to be an art student. 我一个现在当兵的兄弟学过艺术。（定语从句界定one of my brothers的身份：有多个兄弟，这里指的是当兵的兄弟）The travellers who had already been informed about the flood stopped their journey.那些已经获悉洪灾的旅行者暂停了行程。（只有获悉洪灾的旅行者才终止了行程，没有获悉洪灾的旅行者并没有暂停其行程。）（2）非限定性定语从句：不起界定先行词身份的作用，因为先行词身

39、份已经为读者或听话人所明确而不会混淆（要么由于同类只有其一个，或者上下文已经让读者或听话人明确其身份），而是起着给先行词增加信息的作用。一般要用逗号和主句隔开。不能用that引导非限定性定语从句。My brother, who is in the army now, used to be an artist.我兄弟学过艺术，他现在当兵。（只有一个兄弟）The travellers, who had already been informed about the flood, stopped their journey.由于旅行者已经获悉了洪灾，他们都暂停了行程。（所有的旅行者都终止了其行程，用

40、从句顺便说明一下其原因）（一）单项选择1. I was surprised by my maths teacher, I got an A in the last test.A.from whomB.from whichC.for whomD.for which2. Mr. Zhou, native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whoseB.hisC.whichD.that3. I took my friend to the Summer Palace we had some ph

41、otos taken.A.whereB.whichC.thatD./4. Look! Simon, the walkman I bought last year isnt working properly.A.whoseB.asC.whoD.that 5. Friendship is needed by all, plays an important role in peoples lives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it（二）书面表达假如你叫李平，初中阶段与班主任张老师结下了深厚的友谊。进入高中以后，仍然与张老师保持书信联系。请根据下面表格信息，回信给张老师介绍高中两年来你自

42、己身上所发生的变化。要求： 词数100左右。回信的开头、结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Two years agoNow155 cm tall, thin170 cm tall, gain 10 kilosshy, silentsmile a great deal, talk a lot.Dear Mr.Zhang,Thank you for your letter and your encouragement. For the moment I am busy preparing for the provincial level evaluation exam. I cant wait to s

43、ee you in two months. Mr.Zhang, you wont believe your eyes when you see me. I have changed a lot.Best wishes.Yours,Li PingModule 2Unit 1Tales of the unexplained1.检测与宇宙空间有关的词汇的识记、理解和运用。2.检测现在完成时和现在完成进行时的运用。3.检测与宇宙空间有关的读写能力。（一）重点单词默写1.存在 vi.2.假定，认为 vt.3.故事，传说 n.4.无法解释的，神秘的 adj.5.证据 n.6.力量，力气 n.7.令人惊奇（

44、惊叹）的 adj.8.调查问卷 n.9.适当的 adj.10.组织，筹备，安排，处理 vt.11.生存，挺过（难关）vt.& vi.12.热情的，满腔热诚的 adj.13.攻击，进攻 vt.& vi.& n.14.使确信，使相信 vt.15.足迹，踪迹 n.（二）重点短语默写1.加紧，加强，促进2.属于3.负责，掌管4.由于，因为5.前往，到去6.编造，杜撰，构成7.出现，现身8.调查9.许多，很多(一)词汇解读1.puzzled a.迷惑的，困惑的【基本构词】puzzle vi.&vt. (使)迷惑不解，(使)为难；n.C难题, （字、画）谜puzzling a.令人迷惑的，令人困惑的【短语

45、搭配】puzzle over/about 苦思be a puzzle to sb.对某人来说是个谜be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解【典型例句】Im puzzled about this situation.我对这种情况感到迷惑。My sister puzzles me and causes me anxiety.我的妹妹常会让我不解，使我焦虑。His letter raised a few puzzling questions.他的信中提出了几个令人迷惑不解的问题。Ive been sitting here puzzling over what to do.我一

46、直坐在这里苦思着要做什么事。The computer is a puzzle to me.我不懂电脑。2.occur vi.发生,出现，存在（无被动语态）【基本构词】occurrence n.出现，发生【短语搭配】occur to sb.某人突然想到【典型例句】Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.这一地区经常发生地震。Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有?It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。3.

47、belong vi.属于，应归入，居住，适宜，应被放置（无被动语态，无进行时态）【短语搭配】belong to属于【典型例句】The house belongs to my grandfather.这所房子是我祖父的。The book belongs on that shelf.这本书应放在那个架子上。4.survive vi.&vt.生存，挺过难关【基本构词】survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者【基本用法】及物动词 vt.（1）在之后仍然生存，从中逃生（2）比活得长；丧失（配偶、亲人等）不及物动词 vi.活下来，幸存，残留【典型句例】Only two passengers

48、survived the aircrash.这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。She survived her husband by twenty years.她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。Few survived after the flood.洪水后极少有人生还。（二）句型解读The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal.据说野人是很大、毛很厚的动物【句型】sb / sth be said / thought / reported / believed to do = It be said / thought / reported /believe

49、d / supposed that sb / sth.据说/ 据认为/ 据报道/ 据信某人、某物He is said to work for a big company. = Its said that he works for a big company.据说他给一个大公司打工。（三） 语法解读现在完成时态1.形式主动形式：肯定式 have / has （第三人称单数）+done 被动形式：肯定式 have / has been+done 2.意义现在完成时态表示和现在有关的时态，用法如下：（1）已完成用法：表示发生在过去的动作行为对现在造成的影响或结果。这种用法多用于瞬间性动词。它不关注此

50、动作过去发生的细节（时间、地点、方式、环境等），而是现在的情况，因此不能与具体的过去时间状语（yesterday, last week, ago, then, at that moment, in the past等）连用，但可以和以下时间状语连用：模糊的过去时间，它们和现在结果有关。如：just（刚刚已经）, already, yet, recently和lately。Have you eaten yet? ( = Are you hungry?)你吃过了吗 ?Hes just turned off the light.( = The light is off now.)他刚把灯关了。表示说

51、话时还未结束的时段，如：now, this morning / afternoon, tonight, today, since+过去时点, so far等。但如果this morning / afternoon / evening表示说话时已经过去，就不能用现在完成时，而要用一般过去时。Has he come this morning?（到现在为止的早晨这段时间）今天早上他来了没有？Ive had many falls since I began to ride a bike. 自从我开始骑车到现在已经摔过很多次了。（现在结果： 我还在骑车。）（2）未完成用法：过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动

52、作/状态，可能还要持续，也可能刚刚结束。注意： 要用持续性动词，但否定可以用瞬间性动词。 要用表示持续到现在的时间段状语，如：for+时段（有时不表示持续到现在的时间段，则不能用现在完成时），since+过去时点，so far，until / till now，up to now，during / for / in / over+the past / last / recent+时间段。Where have you been? have waited here since 8 a.m. 你去哪了？我从早上8:00起就一直在这里等。（wait动作刚刚结束）Look at the busy cle

53、aners! Theyve worked in the wind for quite a few hours.（work动作还要延续）你看那些忙碌的清洁工！他们在风中工作几个小时了。Ive taught English in this school for / during / in / over the past / last / recent 10 years.（teach动作还要延续或者刚刚结束）近十年来我一直在这个学校教英语。现在完成进行时态1.形式：主动形式have / has been doing；无被动形式。2.意义：过去某时开始一直持续或反复到现在的动作或状态，可能还要继续下去

54、，也可能刚刚结束。意义和现在完成时态的未完成用法相似，但不可和延续到现在的时段短语连用。注意以下三种情况：（1）很多持续性动词用于现在完成时和现在完成进行时时，含义一样，都表示不停地持续到现在(一种“实线式”持续)，如expect，hope，learn，lie，live，look，rain，sleep，sit，snow，stand，stay，study，teach，wait，want，work等。但持续动词中的状态动词不能用于进行时态和完成进行时态，如be，have (拥有)，own，belong to，know，understand，believe，love，like，concern(关系到)等，所以这些动词只能用于现在完成时表示持续到现在。Ive had this for years.不能说 Ive been having this for years.Shes a