初中英语形容词和副词的讲解和练习(二)

1、形容词.定义:用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词.形容词的作用，见下表：作用例句士 7e语you can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表语your coat is too small.宾语补足 语the old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.汪忠：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：dont wake the sleeping baby up. he is asleep.the old man is alone.形容词用

2、来修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：youd better tell us something interesting.the police found nothing strange in the room.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：his grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。the woman

3、bought two beautiful chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ;healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white （表示人种等）。例如：the young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：they are the students easy to teach.他们是很容

4、易较的学生。we live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？三.以-ly结尾的形容词1）大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副，但 friendly , deadly, lovely , lonely , likely , lively , ugly, brotherly ,仍为形容词。her singing was lovely.he spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly结尾既

5、为形容词，也为副词，如 daily , weekly , monthly , yearly , early等。the times is a weekly paper.时代周刊为周刊。the times is published weekly.时代周刊每周发行一期。副词定义：副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。:.副词的位置：1）在实义动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。一、/汪忠：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：we could see very clearly a strange light

6、 ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。b.方式副词 well, badly, hard等只放在句尾。例如：he speaks english well. 他英语说得好。. 副词的排列顺序：1 ) 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2 ) 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。例如：please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些3 ) 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错： (错) i very like english.(对)

7、 i like english very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可例如：i dont know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。there is enough food for everyone to eat. 有足够的食物供每个人吃。. 兼有两种形式的副词1 ) close 与 closelyclose意思是近; closely意思是仔细地。例如：he is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。watch him closely. 盯着他。2 ) late 与 latelylate 意思是晚 ；

8、 lately 意思是 最近 。例如：you have come too late. 你来得太晚了。what have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？3 ) deep 与 deeplydeep意思是 深,表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如:he pushed the stick deep into the mud. 他把棍子深深插进泥里。even father was deeply moved by the film. 老爸也被电影深深打动了。4 ) high 与 highlyhigh 表示空间高度； highly 表示程度，相当于much

9、。例如：the plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。i think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5 ) wide 与 widelywide 表示空间宽度； widely 意思是广泛地 ， 在许多地方 。例如：he opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。english is widely used in the world. 英语在世界范围内广泛使用。6 ) free 与 freelyfree 的意思是 免费 ； freely 的意思是无限制地 。例如：you can eat free in my rest

10、aurant whenever you like. 无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。五各种类型副词的位置英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。 如：he runs slowly.他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。 如：they went to the park yesterday morning.昨天上午他们去公园了。i heard him sing english songs over there.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。一、/-.、二注意：有时表示

11、时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用 。如：yesterday i got up late.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在 be 动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如： he is seldom ill.他很少生病。you must always remember this.你一定要记住这一点。i often write to my parents.我经常写信给父母。一、/-.、二注意：有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.

12、有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。 如： i nearly missed the bus. 我几乎错过了公交车。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be 或助动词之后。 如：she seldom goes out at night. 她晚上很少出门。 i am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。 如：when can you come?你什么时候来？还有 what ， how ， why ， how many 等词同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后

13、面。 如：the meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如： late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等the road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.open your mouth wide.形容词和副词的辨析一 形容词变副词的规律a. 一般的形容词在结尾加ly 变为副词。例如： careful-carefullyb. 以元音加 e 结尾的单词要去e 在加 ly 。例如： tru

14、e-trulyc.辅音加y结尾的单词去 y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrilyd. 单音节 y 结尾直接加ly 。例如： shy-shylye.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terriblyf. 形容词、副词同形： hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long 。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly 之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如： hardly 就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词( few ， little, never, seldom, hardly )之一。二 形容词副词比较级的写法：

15、 单音节单词后+er 。例如： tall-taller, short-shorter重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er ： hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner,fat-fatter 双音节辅音+y 结尾去 y 变 i 再加 er ： ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier, heavy-heavier, healthy-healthier,happy-happier1 在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加more ： careful-more careful, beautiful-more2 最

16、高级的写法：单音节单词后 +est。例如：tall-tallest, short-shortest 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加est： hot-hottest, big-biggest, thin-thinnest, fat-fattest 双音节辅音+y 结尾去 y 变 i 再加 est： ugly-ugliest, busy-busiest, easy-easiest early-earliest, heavy-heaviest, healthy-healthiest,happy-happiest 在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加most ： careful-most careful,

17、 beautiful-most beautiful 等。beautiful 等。形容词和副词的比较级1. 比较级的范围 : 一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如： i m taller than you. group one did better than group two.2. 比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。than： 一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如： tom runs faster than mike.其中tom和mike是比较的两部分，用 than连接他们进行比较。 在 than 的句式中有一个需要同学们特别注意： i m taller than any other

18、 students in my class. 这句话中用 than 连接的是 i 和 any other students in my class 两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中 any other 是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。 a little, much, a lot, even, still ：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如： lisa was sick yesterday, while today she is much better.as+形容词或副词原形 +as:译为像一样。例如： mary is as clever as susan.mary像

19、susan一样聪明。另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如： days get longer and longer in spring. 白天在春天越来越长了形容词和副词的最高级1.最高级白范围：最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个最2例如：my ruleris the longest of all. 我的尺是最长的。3 最高级的结构：结构上比较级有两个明显的标志。 the ：一般用the 限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the 就是最高级的主要标志。但是，当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加th

20、e。例如：he is our best teacher.他是我们最好的老师。最高级后面往往用 of 或 in 介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。 of 短语 指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物， 而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in 。例如：he is the strongest of the three. 他是三个人中身体最强壮的。he is the strongest in our class. 他是我们班里身体最强壮的。形容词副词练习一基础练习1. if i had, i would visit europe, stopping at all the small interes

21、ting places.a. a long enough holiday b. an enough long holidayc. a holiday enough long d. a long holiday enough2. these oranges taste. a. good b. well c. to be good d. to be well3. how beautifully she sings! i have never heard .a. the better voice b. a good voice c. the best voice d. a better voice4

22、. i would be, if you could give me an early reply.a. pleasant b. grateful c. satisfied d. helpful5. those t-shirts are usually $ 35 each, but today they have a (an)price of $ 19 in the shopping center.a. regular b. special c. cheap d. ordinary6. mr smith bought a purse for his wife.a. small black le

23、ather b. black leather small c. small leather black d. black small leather7. how was your job interview?oh, i couldn t feel. i hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.a. better b. easier c. worse d. happier8. longjing tea, jasmine tea and wuyi tea are all famous,but which do

24、you think ?a. tastes best b. smells most c. sounds best d. drinks mostly9. can li hua help me with my english?i regret to tell you her english is yours.a. as good as b. no more than c. no better than d. as much as10. although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him for it.a. not so much

25、 b. not so little c. no more d. no less11. when they came in, mr harris like a baby.nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.a. fell asleep b. was sound asleep c. got asleep d. went to sleep12. this year they have produced grain they did last year.a. as less； as b. as f

26、ew；as c. less； than d. fewer ； than13. can i help you?well, i m afraid the box is heavy for you,but thank you all the same.a. so b. much c. very d. too14. how did you find your visit to the museum? i thoroughlyenjoy it. it was than i expected.a. far more interesting b. even much interestingc. so far

27、 interesting d. a lot much interesting15. would you like some wine?yes, just .a. little b. very little c. a little d. little bit16. it takes a long time to go there by train ； it s by road.a. quick b. the quickest c. much quick d. quicker17. if there were no examinations, we should have at school.a.

28、 the happiest time b. a more happier timec. much happiest time d. a much happier time18. i m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) trick.a. ordinary b. easy c. smart d. simple19. the salesman showed her several bags and she chose one as she didn t want to spend too much money on i

29、t.a. the less expensive b. less expensive c. the least expensive d. least expensive20. box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.a. so a heavy b. so heavy a c. a such heavy d. such heavy a二提高练习1. to plant the tree, we must dig .a. a three feet deep hole b. three-foot-deep a holec. a hole three feet deep

30、 d. a three-feet-deep hole2. i think he is one of the best men youve found.a.never b. already c. ever d. once3. the boy s grown! he is almost _ his father.a. what, as tall as b. what, taller than c. how, as tall as d. how, taller than4. i haven t got nails to mend the cupboard. i need another three

31、of them.a. enough big b. big enough c. much bigger d. many enough5. henry knows little of physics of chemistry.a. as well as b. no less than c. and still more d. and still less6. the dish is delicious! well, at least its _ the one i cooked yesterday.a. as bad as b. no worse than c. as well as d. no

32、better than7. do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?yes. you couldnt hope for at this time of the year.a. a nice day b. the nice day c. a nicer day d. the nicest day8. it makes thomas no better, and it makes you a. best b. good c. well d. worse9. with the help of the new equipment, ou

33、r factories produced _ vcd players in 2000 as the year before.a. as many as twice b. twice more than c. as twice many d. twice as many10. i had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice came.a. more than b. as manyc. as much d. less than11. why didnt you go to the cinema last night? it was

34、something interesting.a. far less b. more or less c. much more d. any further12. the population of many alaskan cities has doubled in the past five years.a. larger than b. more than c. as greatly as d. as much as13. this is a good place for a picnic. yes, it couldnt be .a. better b. best c. worst d.

35、 worse14. how do you like your teacher of english? well, no one teaches here.a. well b. poorly c. best d. better15. in the poor parts of americas big cities there is a lot of crime, .a. and much of it is serious b. much of it is seriousc. and many more is serious d. more of it is serious16. do you l

36、ike cats? of course. they are a kind of pet. they can do much good for their masters.a. better than b. more than c. no more than d. no better than17. the newly-built theatre is the old one.a. as twice big as b. twice more bigger thanc. twice the size of d. twice so big as18. im afraid that your conc

37、lusion is from correct.a. far b. free c. different d. short19. thank you very much. its of you.a. kindest b. a most kind c. the most kind d. most kind20. whoever is never with the progress he has made will be a success.a. content b. proud c. praised d. enough英语中考考纲基础知识练习（形容词和副词）a卷选择填空：1 .peter looke

38、d _ when he learned that he hadn t passed the final exam.a, sadly b, sad c, happily d, happy2 .jack did badly at the school sports meeting. i did even _.a, worse b, worst c, more bad d, more badly3 .billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? it smells so _!a, well b, badly c, nice d, pretty4

39、 .the car stopped so _ that the bus behind almost ran into it.a, closely b, immediately c, suddenly d, soon5 .we must finish cleaning the office _.a, as soon as possibleb, as quickly as soonc, as possible as soond, as soon as possibly6 .what she said this time sounds _.a, pleasantly b, nicely c, fri

40、endly d, truly7 .i didn t work _ my brother when i was young.a, as hard as b, harder c, hardest d, hardly8.i m going to move _. it s too noisy in our neighbourhood.a, somewhere quiet b, quiet somewhere c, anywhere d, quiet anywhere9.last year, 15 typhoons 台风（ ） hit china and khanun was _.a, strong b

41、, strongest c, stronger d, the strongest10.1 t s a good habit to keep the classroom _ all the time.a, cleanly b, clearly c, clear d, clean11.when class was over, our maths teacher came into the classroom and said, “ pleasestay at your seat. i have got _ to announce. ”a, nothing importantb, important

42、 somethingc, important nothingd, something important1.1 in the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes you ll make.a, less careful, fewer b, more careful, less c, less careful, few d, more careful, fewer13 .what is _ joke you have ever heard?a, more funny b, the more funny c, the most funny d, the funni

43、est14 .this kind of material feels _ silk.a, differently from b, the same to c, different as d, different from15 .a recent survey showed that jingjing and huanhuan were among the five olympic mascot:sf祥物）.a, popular b, more popular c, most popular d, the most popular16 .a: is there _ in today s news

44、paper?b: yes. shenzhou vi has been sent up into space successfully.a, nothing new b, anything new c, new nothing d, new anything17 .visitors in the orchard can eat as _ fruit as they want.a, many b, more c, much d, most18 .all of us were very _ when we heard the _ news.a, excited, exciting b, excite

45、d, excited c, exciting, exciting d, exciting, excited19 .eddie, my best frind _ ben.a, is as high asb, works as careful asc, doesn t sing as beautifully as d, writes more better than20 .tom never does his homework _ alice. so he makes more mistakes.a, as carefully as b, so careful as c, less careful

46、ly than d, more careful than21 .water pollution is one of _ in our country.a, serious problemb, the more serious problemsc, most serious problemsd, the most serious problems22 .the pizza was too small, so she decided to look for _ to eat.a, large something b, something else c, something other d, oth

47、er something23 .we are too tired and hungry. so our steps are getting _.a, slow and slower b, slower and slowestc, slower and slower d, more and more slowly24 .most children in our kindergarten like to play with barbie girls. they look so _.a, nicely b, happily c, beautifully d, lovely25 .in winter,

48、 chinese students like to kick the jianzi 毽子( ) to keep themselves _.a, warm b, warmly c, cold d, coldly26.in order to keep healthy, you should eat _ fast food, _ fresh vegetables and take enough excises.a, fewer, fewer b, fewer, more c, less, more d, less, fewer27.don t worry, my sister is _ to tak

49、e care of little betty.a, enough carefully b, enough careful c, carefully enough d, careful enough28.of all the students in our class, jack is _.a, taller b, tallest c, the tallest d, very tall29.in order to get full marks, tim always does his lessons very _.a, more carefully b, most carefully c, mu

50、ch carefully d, carefully30.a: is there _ in today s newspaper?b: yes. it says that president hu jintao has reached washington.a, anything importantb, any important thingc, important anythingd, any thing important词性变换：1.1 don t like him and it would be of me to do the opposite. (honest)2.our holiday

51、s in thailand were really and unforgettable. (enjoy)3 .the government is doing everything possible to help those people after the earthquake. (home)4 .put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard . (clear)5 .the war made millions of people . (home)6 .what is the most animal in t

52、he forest? (power)7.it is to travel by train than by air. (cheap)8.it is for him to finish the job in two hours. he is so slow. (possible)9., over 28,000 civilians (平民 ) lost their lives during the three-year war in iraq. (sad)10.i feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining outside. (heavy)11

53、.jack is such a fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget)12.it is not to eat food with sudan i 苏丹红(1 号). (safely)13 .lily is enough to get the prize in the 2006 shanghai junior high school english contest. (luck)14 .we d better drive our cars on rainy days. (slow)15.one starr

54、y night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something at once.(usual)b卷1.1 m shortsighted and i can t see the words on the notice board .a, clear b, clearly c, carefully d, good2 .jean works hard but she doesn t work mary.a, as harder than b, as hard than c, as harder

55、as d, as hard as3 .this is book in our library.a, the most interesting b, most interesting c, the more interesting d, more interesting4 .do you think maths is important than english?a, very b, as c, more d, quite5 .they got a christmas tree and it was ours.a, so tall as b, so taller as c, as tall as

56、 d, as taller as6 .tom failed in the exam. he looked .a, happy b, sadly c, upset d, lovely7 .a taxi doesn t run as as an underground train.a, fast b, faster c, fastest d, more fast8 .yangpu bridge is one of in the world.a, bigger bridge b, the biggest bridge c, the biggest bridges d, bigger bridges9 . ” i ve got an a for my history, ” judy said .a, sadly b, sad c, happily d, happy10.i think the song