测绘英语unit14

1、Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement New words and Expressions Sound saund a.正确的，有根据的，充分的 Abundance bndns n.充裕，富足，大量 Super abundance n.过多，剩余 Disclose diskluz vt.发现，揭露 Erroneous irunis a.错误的 Disturb dist : b vt.干扰，扰乱 Passage A Survey Adjustment

2、 Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement New words and Expressions consequence knsikwns n.结果，后果 inconsistency inknsistnsi vt. 不一致，(前后)矛盾 Trigonometrical trignmetrikl a.三角学的 Consistent knsistnt a.一致的，前后统一的 Alteration ,:ltrein vt.改变，变更 Consistency knsistnsi n.一致性 Unsound nsaund a.不适宜的，无根据的 Unit

3、14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement Notes to the Text 1.In almost all surveying operations，the number of quantifies actually measured is greater than the geometrically necessary minimum. 译文译文:几乎在所有测量工作中，实际观测量的个数都大于几何上必 要的观测个数。 Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement 2.One obvious gener

4、al principle is that the more measurement contributed to a job the more accurate the results should be . 译文译文:一项测量工程中观测值的个数愈多，其结果愈精确，这是一 个显而易见的道理。 Notes to the Text Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement 3.，but however small these errors are they give rise to inconsistencies. 由however引出的是让步状

5、语从句。 译文译文:然而，不论这些误差多么小，都会带来不符值。 Notes to the Text Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement Notes to the Text 4.we must not suppose that an adjustment will end in giving us correct values. 译文译文:我们切不可认为平差解算的结果一定是正确值。 Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement New words and Expressions be acc

6、ounted for： 说明原因, 是的原因 transpose v. 变换, 使互换 poor arithmetic： 算术(四则)运算能力差 duplicate .v 复制, 使重复； n. 副本, 复制品 slacking off： 松弛下来 be compensated for： 被补偿, 被抵消 through chance： 偶然地, 碰巧地 spring balance： 弹簧秤, 拉力计 Passage B Types of Error Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement Notes to the Text 1.Befo

7、re under taking a discussion of the corrections that may be applied, it is well to call attention to the order in which errors are removed. 译文译文:在讨论可能加入的改正数之前, 最好先注意一下误差被消除的 次序。 Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement 2.Once detected, these errors may usually be removed or compensated for by

8、a predetermined procedure or application of a constant. 译文译文:这些误差一经被发现, 通常都可以通过事先确定的观测方法或 加入改正常数来加以消除或抵消. Notes to the Text Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement New words and Expressions 1east squares： 最小二乘 erroneous a. 错误的, 不正确的，有误差的 adjusted quantity： 平差值 redundant a. 多余的，重夏的 redundant o

9、bservations： 多余观测值 true value： 真值 graphical a. 图解的, 图形的 graphical adjustment： 同形平差, 图解法平差 be opposed to： 在的对面, 与相反 arbitrary a. 任意的, 随机的, 独立的 Passage C Adjustment Computation by Least Squares Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement New words and Expressions theorem n. 定理, 原型, 法则 desired quant

10、ity： 所求值（量） vertical net： 高程网 algebraic a . 代数的 algebraic sum： 代数和 loop n . 圈，环，闭合环 from case to case： 视具体情况（事件） residual n. 残差，改正数 respective a. 各自的，各个的 weight n. 权 coordinate n. 坐标 Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement New words and Expressions sensible a. 合理的，敏感的，明显的 adjustment by observ

11、ation equations： 间接平差 adjustment by condition equations： 条件平差 adjustment of direct observations： 直接平差 combination of observation equations and condition equations： 间接条件 混合平差 Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement Notes to the Text 1.The task of adjustment computation is to “adjust” these dis

12、crepancies such that the adjusted quantities are as c1ose as possible to the true value. 这是一个复合句。such value 是目的状语从句。as close as possible译为: 尽可能靠近。 译文译文:平差计算就是“调整”这些不符值，以便使平差值尽可能接 近其真值。 Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement 2.It has, as opposed to all other methods, the advantages that the d

13、iscrepancies are not adjusted in an arbitrary manner, that it yields sensible values for the adjusted quantities, and that it makes use of statistical theorems. 这是一个复合句。三个从句 that the discrepancies, that it yields,和that it makes是advantages的同位语。 译文译文:这种方法与其它方法的不同，它有许多优点：不符值不是以 任意的方式进行调整的，对平差量可产生合理的数值，

14、并可以 利用统计原理。 Notes to the Text Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement 3.If the observations are dependent in such a manner that they have to fulfill certain conditions, 句中that they haveconditions是由suchthat引导的结果 状语从句。 译文译文:然而，不论这些误差多么小，都会带来不符值。 Notes to the Text Unit14 The Factors Affecting Rock Displacement Notes to the Text 4.The observed height differences have to be adjusted such