中考英语语法精讲例析介词_1精品文档

1、中考英语语法精讲例析 介词www.5y中考英语语法精讲例析介词知识概要介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他about大约在时间aboutfiveoclock在周围，大约多远aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及talkaboutyouabove高出某一平面abovesealevelacross横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreet

2、after在之后aftersupper跟后面oneafteranother追赶runafteryouagainst背靠逆风againstthewall,againstthewind反对beagainstyouamong三者以上的中间amongthetreesat在某时刻atten在小地点attheschoolgate表示速度athighspeed向着，对着atmebefore在之前beforelunch位于之前sitbeforemebehind位于之后behindthetreebelow低于水平belowzero不合格belowthestandardby到时刻，在时刻之前byfiveocloc

3、k紧挨着sitebysite乘坐交通工具byair,bybick被由wasmadebyusduring在期间duringtheholidaysfor延续多长时间forfiveyears向去leaveforshanghai为了，对于begoodforyoufrom从某时到某时frommorningtillnight来自何方fromnewyork由某原料制成bemadefrom来自何处whereareyoufromin在年、月、周较长时间内inaweek在里面intheroom用某种语言inenglish穿着inredinto进入里面walkinto除分divideinto变动turnintowa

4、ternear接近某时nearfiveyears在附近neartheparkof用某种原料制成bemadeof属于性质amapofu.s.aon某日、某日的上下午onsundayafternoon在上面onthedesk靠吃为生liveonrice关于abookonphysicsover渡过一整段时间workovernight在上方overthedesk超过，高于overfivepairspast超过某一时刻tenpastfive经过某地walkpasttheparksince从某时以来since1980原因sinceyouwereillthrough经过某一时期throughhislife通

5、过、穿过某地throughtheforesttilluntil直到某时为止tillfiveoclockto差多少时间fivetoten问，到，去往toshanghai面对面facetoface给予giveabooktomeunder在下面underthedesk少于underten在管制之下undertherulewith用某种工具withapen带着，具有withmewithout没有withoutair正误辨析误wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.正wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.析at用于具体时刻之前，如：s

6、unrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。误dontsleepatdaytime正dontsleepindaytime.析in要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。误wevisitedtheoldmaninsundayafternoon.正wevisitedtheoldmanonsundayafternoon.析inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词

7、都要改为on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofjuly14th误hebecameawritterathistwenties正hebecameawritterinhistwenties析这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。误hewenttonewyorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.正hewenttonewyorktofindajobatsixteen.析在具体年岁前用at,如：attheageof12，atyourage，等等。误wewenttoswiminthe

8、riverinaveryhotday.正wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.析具体某一天要用介词on,又如：onnewyearsday误imlookingforwardtoseeingyouonchristmas.正imlookingforwardtoseeingyouatchristmas.析在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。误ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.正ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerhol

9、idays.析during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为整整，全部的时间。如：itrainedthroughthenight.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。误atenteringtheclassroom,iheardthegoodnews.正onenteringtheclassroom,iheardthegoodnews.析on加动名词表示一就

10、。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：onhearing一听见，onarrival一到达就误inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.正atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.析atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheendatlast是指最终，终于之意。误tilltheendofnextweek.iwillhavefinished

11、thiswork.正bytheendofnextweek.iwillhavefinishedthiswork.析by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为不迟于某一时刻将工作做完，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：iwontfinishthisworktillnextweekend.误hecametolondonbeforelastweekend.正hehadcometolondonbeforelastweekend.

12、正hecametolondontwoweeksago.析before一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。误ihavestudiedenglishforthreeyearsginceihadcomehere.正ihavestudiedenglishforthreeyearssinceicamehere.析since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态误icanhelpyourepairthisbike.youwillgetitaftertwohours.正icanhelpyourepairthisbike.youwillgetitintwohou

13、rs.析中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，after多用于过去时，如：iarrivedinnewyork.afterthreedays,ifoundajobinthebank.after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。误threedaysafterhedied.正afterthreedayshedied.正threedayslaterhedied.析after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同

14、，after在时间词前，而later在时间词后。误shehidherselfafterthetree.正shehidherselfbehindthetree.析after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：irunafterhim.afterfinishingmyhomework,iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。误thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.正thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.析树上长出的果实，树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.误shanghaiis

15、ontheeastofchina.正shanghaiisintheeastofchina.析在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：japanistotheeastofchina.误iarrivedatnewyorkonjuly2nd.正iarrivedinnewyorkonjuly2nd.析at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。误helivedinno

16、.3beijingroad.正helivedatno.3beijingroad.析在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。误thereisacolourtvsetatthecornerofthehall.正thereisacolourtvsetinthecornerofthehall.析在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.误thisweekendillstayinunclewangs.正this

17、weekendillstayatunclewangs.析要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：atatailorsshopatatailors,atthedoctorsatthebooksellersatunclewangs误doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper?正doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper?析在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。误theschoolwillbeginonseptember1st.正schoolwillbeginonseptember1st.析

18、这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：attable，whenicametotomshome,theywereattable.还有：atdesk，atworkatschool，inhospitalatchurch作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：attheschool即在学校工作或办事，inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。误inmywaytothestation,iboughtanewspapertokilltime.正onmywaytothestation,iboughtanewspapert

19、okilltime.析译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光在的路上应用ononesway。而intheway有挡道之意，如：pleasemovethechairitisintheway。误look,thedoorisopen,maybesomeonebrokeinto.正look,thedoorisopen,maybesomeonebrokein.正look,thedoorisopen,maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.析in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。误illlea

20、vebeijingtoshanghaitomorrow.正illleavebeijingforshanghai.正illleaveforshanghai.析leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：startfor动身前往某处，setoutfor，sailfor。误imsorry.ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.正imsorry.ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.析getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车，而getout为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后

21、不能接名词，我们可以讲wedbettergetin.或wedbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车：getonoffgetintooutof误becarefulthetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.正becareful.thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.析over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.误thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.正t

22、hereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.析over还有一意为跨越，横跨。误thedeadseaisunderthesealevel.正thedeadseaisbelowthesealevel.析在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。误thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.正thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.析infrontof是在物体外部的前面，而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面，如：thedriversitsinthefron

23、tofthebus.误ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.正ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.析across作为介词有两个主要意思：横过，如：iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.对面，如：thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.误thesunsetstowardthewest.正thesunset

24、sinthewest.析towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：herantowardthemountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时，其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：iwentsouth.也可用作名词，如：iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词，如：iwenttothesouthpartofchina.误doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?正doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?析beside是在旁边，如：thestudent

25、sstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是除之外，不仅而且，除了以外还有，如：istudiedenglishbesidesfrench,wheniwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：icomehereeverydayexceptsunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。误caniwritetheexampaperwithink?正caniwritetheexampaperwithapen?正caniwrite

26、theexampaperinink?析with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。误imearliertoday.icameherebyhiscar.正imearliertoday.icamehereinhiscar.析在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空运byland陆运bysea海运onfootonhorse

27、backbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand误alotoffrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.正alotoffrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.析madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.误thisisagooddictionaryinenglishgrammar.正thisisagooddictionaryonenglishgrammar.析关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某

28、方面的普通读物，如：thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。误doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.正doyouhavethekeytothedoor.析keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。误todayalotofchinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.正todayalotofchinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.析havei

29、nterestin是在某方面有兴趣。误ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.正ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.析beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：hewasangryatwhatshesaid.误hewasgoodforskating.正hewasgoodatskating.析begoodat为擅长某事，而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。误itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.正itwasgoodofyoutoh

30、elpmylittleboy.析这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如：hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.误myparentswereverypleasedatme.正myparentswereverypleasedwithme.正myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.析bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。误heisagreewithme.正heagreeswithme.误heagainstsme.正heisagainstme

31、.析同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。误ihaventheardlettersfromhim.正ihaventheardfromhim.析hearfrom即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。误teacher.mayicallatyouthisweekend?正teacher.mayicallonyouthisweekend?析作为拜访讲callat其后接地点，如：mayicallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。误doyouknowthegirlonwhite?正doyouknowthegirlinwhite?

32、析inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：inbed，inhospital，inahurry，indanger,injoy，ingoodhealth，inlove，introuble，与之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble，outofdate，outoforder误helookedatmeatsurprise.正helookedatmeinsurprise.析surprise的用法一般有三种。用于句首，toonessurprise,如：tomysurprisehesucceeded.besurprisedat,如：iwassurprisedatthenews.用于句尾ins

33、urprise.误shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.正shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.析becauseof后接名词，如：thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.例题解析-thankyouthebeautifulflowers!-notatall.ainboncatdfor答案d.析由于某事向某人道谢应用for。2canyouanswerthisquestionenglish?abybincwithdfrom答案b.析in表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：heansweredtheques

34、tioninalowvoice.3lookthemapchinathewall,please.aafter,of,inbat,of,incafter,in,ondat,of,on答案d.析lookat为看，而onthewall为在墙表面挂着，而inthewall则是在墙内，如：thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。4-whendidmrgreenarriveinlondon?-hearrivedtheretheeveningofdecember6th.aatbincondto答案c.析intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词

35、换为on,如：onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。5wewontherelayrace.andtherewasabigsmileourteachersface.aoffbnearcondbetween答案c.6thetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.atobincwithdabout答案c.析getonwellwith与人相处很好。7-pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-isee.illcomesaturdayevening.ainbatcondfor答案c.8letshurry，orwellbe

36、lateschoolatobatcwithdfor答案d.析belatefor，而comelateto，如：dontcomelatetoschool9theywillhaveamathstesttwodaysaforbatcindafter答案c.析三天之内应用in，而不要受中文影响用after，afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。0mybrotherjoinedthearmya1989，marchbinmarch，1989cmarch，1989d1989，inmarch答案b.析在月份、年、前用介词in，而

37、日子前用on。1hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblemyourhelpawithoutbundercfordwith答案a.析在某人帮助下应用with，如：withthehelpoftheteacheripassedtheexameasily而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp2grannytookonelookatusherglassesabybthroughcondin答案b.析through为穿过。3wehadourbreakfastaquartersevena/，tobin，tocat，todon，to答案c.析具体时间点前用at，而差几分几点用

38、to，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。4ilearnfrenchtheradioeverydayaonbincfromdat答案a.析从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。5itsgoodmannerstowaitlineainboncatdwith答案a.析inline为排队。6howmanyenglishwordshadyoulearntlastterm?abytheendofbattheendofctotheendofdtilltheendof答案a.析bytheendof为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相配合7themanagerwasverysatisfiedhiswork

39、ainboncaboutdwith答案d.析besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。8johnhitjackfaceaonthebintheconhisdinhis答案b.析英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词the身体部位，如：hecaughttheboybythearm。9iwasbornthenightseptember15，1978ain，onbat，oncat，indon，of答案d.析在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。20itsabadmannertolaughpeoplewhentheyaretroubleaover，inbat，incin，atdat，for答案b.析

40、laughat嘲笑某人，laughover笑着谈论某人或某事，introuble陷入困境。21icantdothisworkwelltomshelpaunderbforcwithoutdfrom答案c.22dontshouttheoldwoman。youshouldbemorepoliteherato，atbat，tocin，fordfrom，for答案b.析shoutat为冲某人喊叫，而bepolitetosomebody为对某人和气。23wemustbestrictourselveseverythingawith，inbin，withcwith，todto，of答案a.析bestrictwith对某人严格要求。24hewenttothefootballmatchlunchlastsundayatobwithoutcbehinddbetween答案b.析withoutlunch未吃午饭。25thepeoplesrepublicofchinawasfounded1949awithboncsincedin答案d.析在年代前用in。因句