句子成分,简单句的5种基本句型,句子种类

1、 句子成分的定义：句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫构成句子的各个部分叫 做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分（主干）主要成分（主干）: :主语，谓语，宾语，表语；主语，谓语，宾语，表语； 修饰成分修饰成分: :定语、状语、补足语和同位语。定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句 首。首。( (但在但在there bethere be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时） 和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面

2、。和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。) ) 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式（主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式（to doto do）、动）、动 名词名词(doing(doing) )、名词化的形容词、名词化的形容词(the +adj(the +adj) ) 和主语从和主语从 句句等表示。例如： 1 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular 2 We often speak English in class. 3 One-third of the students in th

3、is class are girls. 4 To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5 Smoking does harm to the health. 6 The rich should help the poor. 7 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8 It is necessary to master a foreign language. （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的 特征和状态。动词或动词

4、短语在句中作谓语，一特征和状态。动词或动词短语在句中作谓语，一 般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如：如： He practices running every morning. I plan to buy a baby carriage(婴儿车) for my little nephew Everyone looks forward to a holiday , right ? He gets up at seven every morning . 2、复合谓语：（、复合谓语：（1

5、）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。(be doing, havehashad done)如如： You can keep the book for two weeks. He will give up the English training course . I have to go now . He has caught a bad cold. The old man was taking care of the 10-day-old baby . The baby was trying to suck milk from a feeding bott

6、le (奶瓶) . Do you use WeChat ? I didnt expect him to be such an idiot . The fatuous(昏庸的) leader prevented her from being promoted （晋升）. Her husband helped her with Russia . From your accent , you must come from the south of China . The Legend of ZhenHuan has been watched by me for five times . 系动词也属于

7、谓语系动词也属于谓语 The old man was a secretary 10 years ago . Li Yifeng looks so handsome and attractive ; it is no wonder that he is called Peoples campus hunk . (国民校草) （三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和（三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和 状态，它一般位于系动词（如状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, turn, grow, go (变得变得), look（看起来）（看起来）, sound （听起来）（听

8、起来）, smell（闻起来）（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）（尝起来）, feel（摸起来）（摸起来）, keep , stay ,(保持保持)，seem, appear（似乎）（似乎）等）之后。表语一般等）之后。表语一般由名词、名词、 代词、代词、形容词形容词、数词、介词短语、副词，不定式、数词、介词短语、副词，不定式、 动名词、分词（通常可用作形容词的分词），及动名词、分词（通常可用作形容词的分词），及 表语从句表示表语从句表示。例如 Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned c

9、old. The speech sounds exciting. You dont look happy . The girls straight hair feels smooth (光滑 Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been

10、abroad. （四）宾语（四）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或内容（或者宾语表示动作的对象或内容（或者 说承爱者），一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾说承爱者），一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾 语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名 词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示。（不及物动词词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示。（不及物动词 没有宾语，初中常见不及物动词：没有宾语，初中常见不及物动词： come,go,arrive,get(到到 达达),stay,work ,live,look,listen,talk,agree,等）等） 1 They saw an exhibi

11、tion yesterday . 2 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3 They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. 4 They came to help the disabled man out of trouble . 5 I enjoy listening to popular music. 6 She worked hard to earn much money . 7 I think

12、（that）he is fit for his office. 8 He listened carefully and patiently . 9 The patient has stayed at hospital for a month . 10 I dont agree with you . 11 Could you lend me your dictionary ? lend your dictionary to me 12 Give me that book . 13 Miss Song teaches me English . 14 Can you show me your new

13、 cellphone? 15 Tell me Mr Lis phone number . 16 Can you buy me the tap shoes ? 17 Will you sing me a song? 初中英语中常见能加双宾语的动词：英语中常见能加双宾语的动词： 1 give , tell , show , teach , lend , pass , offer 2 buy , sing 等等等等 give sb sth give sth to sb buy sb sth buy sth for sb Lead-in 1 Pass me the pen . 2 I saw the

14、baby crying hard because of his mothers absence . 3 Many fans call Luo Zhixiang little pig . （五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有（五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有 一个宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，对宾语进一个宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，对宾语进 行补充说明，才能使句子的意义完整。初中常见行补充说明，才能使句子的意义完整。初中常见 带有宾语补足语的动词为：带有宾语补足语的动词为：see , look at ,watch , observe, notice ; hear , listen

15、 to ; find ; have , make （使得）（使得） ; name , call（称（称 呼呼为）为） ; ask , want , advise , order 等等等等 。 宾补可由宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语名词、形容词、副词、介词短语, 不定不定 式式、分词、和从句充当。例如：、分词、和从句充当。例如： 1 We saw her entering the room. 2 We will soon make our city more beautiful 3 You mustnt order him to lend his money to you. 4 We fo

16、und everything in the lab in good order. 5 His father named him Dongming. 6 They painted their boat white. （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句（六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句 称为定语。译为称为定语。译为“ 的的”定语可由以下等成分定语可由以下等成分 表示：表示：形容词，名词，数词，代词，介词短语，形容词，名词，数词，代词，介词短语， 定语从句定语从句, to do , doing , done 等等 1 Guilin is a beautiful city. 2 The

17、re are thirty women teachers is our school. 3 His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 4 The man who hasnt been to the Great Wall isnt a good man . 5 The bag on the desk is Miss Songs . 6 Till 2013 , the number of medical tourists to Korea is up to 25,176 . 7 A person who looks good and like

18、s eating can be called foodie; a person looking awful and interested in eating can only be called a big eater(饭桶) . 8 Life is a process of chasing dreams . （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 可由以下形式表示：可由以下形式表示：副词副词，介词短语，状语从句，介词短语，状语从句 to do , doing

19、 , done ,名词等名词等 1 Light travels most quickly. 2 Han Han is a very talented man who is called Peoples father-in-law . 3 He has lived in the city for ten years. 4 If you begin the program , you must continue. 状语种类如下：时间状语，地点状语，条件状语种类如下：时间状语，地点状语，条件 状语，伴随状语，目的状语，原因状语，方式状语，伴随状语，目的状语，原因状语，方式 状语，让步状语，结果状语，

20、比较状语。状语，让步状语，结果状语，比较状语。 1 How about meeting again at six? 2 Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 3 I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4 Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5 She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 7 In

21、 order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9 She works very hard though she is old. 10 I am taller than he is. 一、分析下列句子句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after cla

22、ss. 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13.

23、 He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter t

24、he room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 简单句的简单句的5种基本句型种基本句型 一一 简单句简单句 只含一个主谓结构的句子（有时有并列主语或只含一个主谓结构的句子（有时有并列主语或 并列谓语动词）叫做简单句。并列谓语动词）叫做简单句。 1 Mosquitoes are the No.1 killer .(Bill Gates) 2 Man can conquer nature.(人定胜天人定胜天) 3 We talk in primary school classes, write in middle school classes , think in hi

25、gh school classes and surf the internet in college classes . 4 If you often drink , mosquitoes like you . 5 Xiao Jingteng was ridiculed (开涮开涮) on the internet and he was named Rain God by the netizens . 二二 简单句的基本句型。简单句的基本句型。 1. 主语主语+ 不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + V ) The time passed quickly. 2. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 +

26、 宾语宾语 ( S + V +O ) We have planted a lot of trees in our hometown. 3. 主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语 ( S + V + C ) Computers are useful in peoples life. 4. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO ) He bought me a birthday present. 5. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C ) Miss W

27、ang saw her husband go into a hotel with a beautiful lady . 初中英语中常见的不及物动词及词组：英语中常见的不及物动词及词组：come , go ,arrive , get(到达到达)，stay, walk, run, jump, work, live , sleep, look , listen , smile , laugh , talk, cry, agree, die, happen, change, appear, belong, fall, rise, sit, stand, lie, last（持持 续续）,fail, s

28、ucceed, 等等等等 get up , break down/up/out , take place , come back/out/in, go back/out/in, get by(凑凑 合合)，drop by(顺便来访顺便来访) ，go shopping/ swimming/ skating/ hunting 等等等等 三三 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。 1 I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. 2 The only reason for being single is ugline

29、ss . 3 In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. 5 I can hear birds singing in the green trees. 7 All this will be interesting and good for my health. 8 So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 9 This morning our teacher told us something interesting about the Hope Project

30、 in class . 10 A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand . 11 Friends made our life full of excitement ,imagination and romance . 13 Some weak children often cried in face of difficulties . 14 They came to see Jays concert yesterday . 15 I had such a big crush on TF Boys

31、. 16 When we first started dating , he was the whole world to me . 17 I stopped my job and went to his city to look for him . 18 Ten years passed and I got nothing but ages . 1. Miss Song 每天早晨10点起床在暑假期间。 _ 2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。(a lot 可修饰动词) _ 3. 会议将持续两个小时。(last) _ 4.我们的第一夫人能流利地说英语 fluently _ 5.你们必须在两周之内看完那

32、些书。 _ 6.写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go over _ 7. 他指出我的作文中的错误。point out, composition _ 8.女儿是父母的贴心小棉袄（apple of ones eyes） _ 9.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery _ 10.树叶已经变黄了。 _ 11.这个报告听起来很有意思。 _ 12.他把车票给列车员看。conductor _ 13. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary _ 14.每天早晨，我们都听到我们漂亮的女班长大声 朗读英语。 _ 15. 我们都认为Miss Song是一个很棒的老师 （consider sb to be

33、as ）(consider+宾语+宾补) _ 句子种类句子种类 高中英语句子种类高中英语句子种类 按使用目的，句子可分为按使用目的，句子可分为 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，句子按其结陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，句子按其结 构可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句。构可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句。 （一）按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句 和感叹句。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实 或陈述一种看法。例如： Light travels faster than sound. The film is rather boring. 2）疑问句（Inte

34、rrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有 以下四种： a. 一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? b. 特殊疑问句（Wh-Questions）： Where do you live? c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? d. 反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesnt know her, does he? 他不认识她， 对不对？ 3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求， 要

35、求，建议或发出命令。 1 Take this seat. 2 Dont move. 3 Lets have another try . 4 Lets not talk of that matter. 祈使句1,2 暗含的主语：_ you 4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说 话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如： What a dummy person you are ! What great changes China has had ！ What cool weather it is! How beautiful our school looks ! How awe

36、some Happy Camp is ! 感叹句的结构 _ _ _ What +a/an+adj+可数名词的单数（可数名词的单数（+主语主语+谓语）谓语） What+adj+可数名词复数或不可数名词（可数名词复数或不可数名词（+主语主语+谓语）谓语） How + adj（+主语主语+谓语）谓语） Exercises : 1 TF Boys 是多么火啊(popular) _ 2 Mrs Liu 有一个多可爱的女儿啊 _ How popular TF Boys is ! What a lovely daughter Mrs Liu has ! （二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1）简单句（Si

37、mple Sentences）：只包含一个 主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如： She is fond of collecting stamps. 2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两 个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句 之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。常常由连词 and /but/or等连接 例如： 1 The food was good, but he had little appetite. 2 People called me Handsome Han years ago and people call me dad now .Han Han 3）复合句（Com

38、plex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一 个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导， 比如定语从句定语从句,引导词： which, that, who, whom, as, when, where, why， 状语从句状语从句，引导词：when ,while, as, until , if , unless , once , although , though , because , since ,so ,as if ,as though ,等)， 名词性从句名词性从句（主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从 句）引导词：that , what , which, who , whom , how, why) 等等 1 The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 2 What he did disappointed us . 3 The man who had been robbed of his cellphone bought a new cell immediately 一 判断下